Izindawo eziyingozi zikawoyela negesi zidinga ukuxhumana okuqinisekiswe yi-ATEX. Izingcingo zezimboni ezikhethekile zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kulezi zindawo eziguquguqukayo. Izixazululo zokuxhumana ezinganele zibeka izingozi ezinkulu. Zingaholela ekwehlulekeni okubi kakhulu ezindaweni eziqhumayo.Ucingo lwe-ATEXinikeza isivikelo esibalulekile. Amabhizinisi athembele ku-Izingcingo Ezivikela Ukuqhuma (i-ATEX)ukuvimbela izingozi. Lawa madivayisi agcina ukuxhumana okubalulekile lapho imishini ejwayelekile ihluleka khona.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Isitifiketi se-ATEX siyimfuneko kumafoni ezindaweni zikawoyela negesi. Sivimba ukuqhuma futhi sigcina abasebenzi bephephile.
- Izindawo ezahlukene eziyingozi zidinga amafoni athile e-ATEX. Lezi zindawo zihlukaniswa ngegesi, uthuli, nokuthi ingozi ivame kangakanani.
- Amafoni e-ATEX asebenzisa izindlela ezikhethekile zokuvimbela ukuqhuma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amakesi aqinile kanye nokunciphisa amandla kagesi.
- Amafoni amahle e-ATEX anezici ezifana nezilinganiso eziphezulu ze-IP zamanzi nothuli. Aphinde abe namabhethri ahlala isikhathi eside futhi axhumeka kwezinye izinhlelo zokuphepha.
- Ukukhetha ifoni ye-ATEX kusho ukubheka izidingo zakho, ukukhetha umthengisi omuhle, nokuqinisekisa ukusethwa nokunakekelwa okufanele.
Ukuqonda Isitifiketi se-ATEX se-Oyili neGesi Izingcingo ze-ATEX
Ukuchaza Isitifiketi se-ATEX kanye Nobubanzi Baso
Isitifiketi se-ATEX siyisiqondiso se-European Union. Sichaza izidingo zemishini nezinhlelo zokuvikela ezindaweni ezingase ziqhume. Lesi siqondiso sibeka amazinga abakhiqizi okumele bawalandele. Siqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi futhi sivimbela ukuqhuma ezindaweni eziyingozi ngaphakathi kwe-EU nase-UK. Imikhiqizo ihlolwa kanzima yi-Notified Body, iqembu lesithathu elizimele eliqokwe yi-EU. Abakhiqizi baqoqa futhi bathumele amafayela obuchwepheshe, kufaka phakathi imidwebo, izibalo zokuphepha, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi. Uma sekuqinisekisiwe, umkhiqizo uthola izimpawu ze-CE kanye ne-Ex. Isimemezelo Sokuvumelana sibe sesikhishwa. Uphawu lwe-'Ex' lubonisa ukufaneleka kwezindawo eziqhumayo. Kumele lufake ulwazi olwengeziwe, njengesigaba sokuvikela kanye nohlobo lwendawo eqhumayo ephathwayo.
Kungani Ukuthobela Imithetho ye-ATEX Kungaxoxiswana Ngayo
Ukuthobela imithetho ye-ATEX kuyimfuneko esemthethweni ngaphakathi kwe-European Union. Isiqondiso 2014/34/EU siyala ukuthiimishini yezindawo eziqhumayokumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zezempilo nokuphepha. Isitifiketi se-ATEX sibonisa ukuhambisana nale mithethonqubo. Kuba yisidingo esisemthethweni kubakhiqizi nabaphakeli abangena emakethe yaseYurophu. Lolu hlaka luqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemishini esebenza ezindaweni ezingase zibe nokuqhuma. Luvikela abasebenzi kanye nempahla ezigamekweni eziyingozi. Ukukhetha ucingo lwe-ATEX kuqinisekisa ukunamathela kulezi zindinganiso zokuphepha ezibalulekile.
Izindinganiso Zomhlaba Wonke: I-ATEX, i-IECEx, kanye nezilinganiso zaseNyakatho Melika
Izifunda ezahlukene zisebenzisa amazinga ahlukahlukene emishini yendawo enobungozi. I-ATEX iyimpoqo ngaphakathi kwe-European Union. Kuyimfuneko ezinkampanini ezisebenza noma ezithengisa ngaphakathi kwalesi sifunda. I-IECEx iwuhlaka oluqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Lusiza ukuhweba komhlaba wonke ngemishini yendawo enobungozi. Izindinganiso zaseNyakatho Melika, njenge-NFPA 70 NEC, ziyasebenza e-United States. I-OSHA kanye ne-Nationally Recognised Testing Laboratories (NRTLs) ziqondisa lokhu.
Nasi ukuqhathanisa kwalezi zindinganiso ezibalulekile:
| Okujwayelekile | Ukugxila Kwendawo | Indlela Yokuhlela |
|---|---|---|
| I-ATEX | iyuniyani yase-Europe | Izindawo (0/20, 1/21, 2/22) |
| I-IECEx | Okwamazwe ngamazwe | Izindawo (ezifana ne-ATEX) |
| INyakatho Melika (NFPA 70 NEC) | I-united states | Ikilasi/Isigaba |
Zombili i-ATEX ne-IECEx zihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ezindaweni ezisengozini yokuqhuma. Umehluko wazo oyinhloko usekuqashelweni kwendawo kanye nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ezinemininingwane. I-IECEx inikeza indlela ehambisanayo nejwayelekile yokuphepha kwemishini ezindaweni eziyingozi. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuhweba kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuhlukanisa Izindawo Eziyingozi Zokukhetha Ucingo lwe-ATEX
Ukukhetha ifoni efanele ye-ATEX kudinga ukuqonda okucacile kokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuchaza izinga lobungozi bendawo eqhumayo. Kuqondisa ukukhethwa kwemishini efanele. Izifunda ezahlukene zisebenzisa izinhlelo ezahlukene ukuhlukanisa lezi zindawo eziyingozi.
Izindawo Zegesi Nomusi (0, 1, 2)
Kumagesi, umusi, kanye nenkungu, ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi zibe yi-Zone 0, i-Zone 1, kanye ne-Zone 2 kuncike ekuvameni kanye nobude besikhathi somkhathi oqhumayo. Leli zinga lobungozi linquma indawo ethile.
- Indawo 0: Indawo inomoya wokuqhuma njalo noma isikhathi eside. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ingaphakathi lamatangi okugcina noma ama-sump lapho kukhona khona uketshezi oluvuthayo.
- Indawo 1: Isimo esiqhumayo kungenzeka sivele ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokulungiswa, ukulungiswa, noma ukuvuza. Izindawo eziseduze namaphampu, amavalvu, noma ama-flange avame ukuvuza zivame ukuwela kulesi sigaba.
- Indawo 2: Isimo esiqhumayo cishe asikwazi ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Uma kwenzeka, sihlala isikhathi esifushane kuphela. Amakamelo okupompa anomoya omuhle noma izindawo zezitshalo ezivulekile eduze kwemishini ye-Zone 1 ziyizibonelo.
Izindawo Zothuli (20, 21, 22)
Uthuli oluvuthayo luphinde ludale izindawo eziyingozi. Lezi zindawo zihlukaniswa zibe yiZone 20, Zone 21, kanye neZone 22.
- Indawo 20: Ukugxila okuvuthayo kothuli noma imicu evuthayo kuhlala kukhona njalo noma isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.
- Indawo 21: Ukugcwala okungashisi kothuli noma imicu evuthayo kungenzeka kwenzeke ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, ukulungiswa, noma ngenxa yokuvuza.
- Indawo 22: Ukugcwala okuvuthayo kothuli noma imicu evuthayo akunakwenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Uma kwenzeka, kuqhubeka isikhathi esifushane kuphela.
Izigaba zaseNyakatho Melika (Isigaba I, II, III; Isigaba 1, 2)
INyakatho Melika isebenzisa uhlelo oluhlukile lwezindawo eziyingozi. Lolu hlelo luhlukanisa izindawo ngezigaba ngezigaba nangezigaba.
- Iklasi ILezi zindawo ziqukethe amagesi noma imiphunga evuthayo. Izibonelo zifaka i-hydrogen, i-acetylene, imiphunga kaphethiloli, kanye ne-methane.
- Isigaba IILezi zindawo ziqukethe uthuli oluvuthayo noma oluhambisa ugesi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uthuli lwensimbi, uthuli lwezinkuni, uthuli olusekelwe kukhabhoni, kanye nothuli olungokwemvelo.
- Isigaba III: Lezi zindawo zinemicu eyanele evuthayo ukuze zibe yingozi yomlilo. I-cotton lint, i-flax, kanye ne-rayon yizibonelo.
Ngaphandle kweKilasi, izindawo nazo zineSigaba:
- Isigaba 1: Lokhu kusho amathuba aphezulu okuthungela. Into eyingozi ikhona njalo, ngezikhathi ezithile, noma ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Isigaba 2: Lokhu kubonisa amathuba aphansi okushisa ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Izingxube ezivuthayo zingakheka kuphela ngenxa yokuvuza, ukuchitheka, noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini.
Ukuhlela Amapharamitha Okuvikela Ucingo lwe-ATEX
Ukukhetha imishini efanele ye-ATEX kuhilela ukuqonda imingcele ethile yokuvikela. Le mingcele iqinisekisa ukuthi imishini isebenza ngokuphephile ezindaweni eziyingozi. Ichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi idivayisi ivimbela kanjani ukusha.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamaqembu Egesi Nothuli
Izindinganiso ze-ATEX zihlukanisa izinto eziyingozi ngamaqembu athile. La maqembu anquma uhlobo lwemishini efanele indawo. Ahlukanisa amagesi nothuli ngezigaba ngokusekelwe ezicini zawo zokuthungela.
Izindinganiso ze-ATEX zihlukanisa amaqembu egesi i-IIA, i-IIB, kanye ne-IIC. Lokhu kusekelwe ekutheni kube lula yini ukusha yinhlansi kagesi. Iqembu le-IIC lihlanganisa izinto ezifana ne-hydrogen. Liyilona elisha kalula. Leli qembu lifuna izidingo zokuphepha eziphakeme kakhulu. Amaqembu othuli i-IIIA, i-IIIB, kanye ne-IIIC ahlukanisa uthuli ngezakhiwo zawo. Amaqembu e-IIIA kanye ne-IIIB amboza uthuli olungahambisi ugesi, njengothuli lwefulawa. Lokhu kungaba nzima noma kube nzima. Iqembu le-IIIC lakhiwe uthuli oluhambisa ugesi, njengothuli lwensimbi. Lokhu kudala ingozi enkulu ngenxa yokuthi lungabangela imijikelezo emifushane. Amathuluzi avunyelwe iQembu le-IIIC anezidingo eziqinile kakhulu. Amathuluzi anjalo afaneleka nasezindaweni ezinezintuli ze-IIIA kanye ne-IIIB.
- Amaqembu Egesi (Iqembu II):
- I-IIC:Iqembu le-acetylene ne-hydrogen.
- I-IIB:Iqembu le-ethylene.
- I-IIA:Iqembu le-propane (uwoyela negesi).
- Amaqembu Othuli (Iqembu III):
- IIIC:Uthuli oluqhubayo.
- IIIB:Uthuli olungahambisi ugesi.
- IIIA:Izindiza ezivuthayo.
Iqembu II lihlanganisa imimoya yegesi eqhumayo. IIA ihlanganisa imimoya equkethe i-propane noma igesi/imihwamuko eyingozi efanayo. IIB ihlanganisa imimoya nge-ethylene noma igesi/imihwamuko eyingozi efanayo. IIC ihlanganisa imimoya equkethe i-acetylene noma i-hydrogen noma imimoya/imihwamuko eyingozi efanayo. Iqembu III lihlanganisa imimoya yothuli eqhumayo. I-IIIA ihlanganisa imimoya enezinto ezivuthayo. I-IIIB ihlanganisa imimoya ngothuli olungenalo ugesi. I-IIIC ihlanganisa imimoya enothuli oluqhubayo.
Ukuqondanisa isitifiketi semishini neqembu elithile legesi elikhona endaweni eyingozi kubalulekile. Amagesi ahlukene kanye nomhwamuko kuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu athile egesi ngokusekelwe ezimfanelweni zawo. Imishini efanele iqembu elilodwa legesi ingase ingafaneleki kwelinye. Isibonelo, imiklamo yemishini yeQembu I yezindawo zokumba. IQembu II lingezindawo zezimboni.
| Iqembu le-ATEX | Incazelo | Izibonelo | Izindlela Zokuphepha Zocingo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iqembu Legesi IIA | Amagesi aqhuma kancane | I-Propane, i-butane | Izivalo ezijwayelekile ezingashisi umlilo |
| Iqembu Legesi IIB | Amagesi aqhumayo aphakathi nendawo | I-Ethylene, MEK | Ukuvalwa okuthuthukisiwe, izindawo eziqinile zokuvala |
| Iqembu Legesi IIC | Iningi lamagesi aqhumayo | I-hydrogen, i-acetylene | Imiklamo ethuthukisiwe engashisi umlilo, imishini ebekezelela ukucindezeleka okuphezulu |
| Iqembu Lothuli IIIB | Uthuli olungahambisi ugesi | Ufulawa, ushukela, uthuli lwezinkuni | Izivalo zemishini ezingangeni uthuli, izindlela zokuvimbela ukunqwabelana kothuli |
| Iqembu Lothuli IIIC | Uthuli oluqhubayo | Uthuli lwe-aluminium, uthuli lwamalahle | Izinyathelo zokulwa nokushaja okungaguquki, izindawo ezikhethekile zokuvala |
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-ATEX kwamaqembu egesi nothuli kubalulekile. Kusiza ekuqondeni izinga lengozi elibangelwa izinto ezahlukahlukene ezindaweni eziqhumayo. Lezi zilinganiso zamaqembu zihlukanisa izinto ngokusekelwe ekushiseni kwazo, ekuqhubeni kwazo, kanye nezinye izakhiwo. Zithinta ngqo izici zokuphepha ezidingekayo zezingcingo eziqinisekiswe yi-ATEX.
Amakilasi Okushisa (Izilinganiso ze-T) zezingcingo ze-ATEX
Amakilasi okushisa, noma izilinganiso ze-T, achaza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu elingafinyelelwa yidivayisi eqinisekiswe yi-ATEX. Leli zinga lokushisa kumele lihlale lingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokushisa lomoya oyingozi ozungezile.
- T1: 450°C izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lobuso
- T2: 300°C izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lobuso
- T3: 200°C izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lobuso
- T4: 135°C izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lobuso
- T5: 100°C izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lobuso
- T6: 85°C izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lobuso
| Isigaba Sokushisa | Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu Lomphezulu |
|---|---|
| T1 | 450°C |
| T2 | 300°C |
| T3 | 200°C |
| T4 | 135°C |
| T5 | 100°C |
| T6 | 85°C |
Izinga lokushisa elizungezile lendawo lithinta ngqo isilinganiso se-T esidingekayo sefoni ye-ATEX. Isibonelo, idivayisi ekuqaleni elinganiswe nge-T4 ekushiseni okuzungezile (Ta) okungu-40 °C ingase ibone isigaba sayo se-T sehliswa sibe yi-T3. Lokhu kwenzeka uma izinga lokushisa elizungezile lenyuka laya ku-60 °C. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphezulu azungezile adinga isilinganiso se-T esiphansi (esingenabo ubukhali) sedivayisi efanayo. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu eliphephile lobuso bayo liyehla ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusha.
Amazinga Okuvikela Imishini (ama-EPL)
Amazinga Okuvikela Imishini (ama-EPL) achaza izinga lokuphepha kwemishini ezindaweni eziyingozi. Abonisa ingozi yokuthi imishini ibe umthombo wokushisa.
| I-EPL | Incazelo | Ukuhambisana Kwendawo | Izici Eziyinhloko |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ga | Isivikelo esiphezulu, siphephile ngisho noma kunezinkinga ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. | Indawo 0 (iqhubeka nokuba khona kwemimoya eqhumayo). | Ivimbela ukuthungela ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo; isebenza ngokuphephile ngokuchayeka okuqhubekayo kumagesi aqhumayo. |
| Gb | Ukuvikelwa okuphezulu, okuphephile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kanye nephutha elilodwa. | Indawo 1 (izimo eziqhumayo ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile). | Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kwezingozi ezingapheli; izindawo ezivalekile ezingashisi umlilo kanye nokuphepha kwangaphakathi. |
| Gc | Ukuvikelwa okuyisisekelo, okuphephile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile; kungaba nezinyathelo ezengeziwe zezimo zamaphutha. | Indawo 2 (izimo eziqhumayo ezingenakwenzeka noma ezimfushane). | Imiklamo yokunciphisa ingozi; ingacima uma iphutha likhona ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusha. |
| I-Ex Da | Isivikelo esiphezulu, siphephile ngisho noma kunezinkinga ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. | Indawo 20 (iqhubeka nokuba namafu othuli aqhumayo). | Umklamo ophephile ngaphakathi; izivalo ezivaliwe ukuvimbela ukungena kothuli. |
| I-Ex Db | Ukuvikelwa okuphezulu, okuphephile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kanye nephutha elilodwa. | Indawo 21 (amafu othuli aqhumayo ayenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile). | Izivalo ezingangeni uthuli; isisekelo esifanele ukuze kuqedwe ukukhishwa okungashukumi. |
| I-Ex Dc | Isivikelo esiyisisekelo ezimweni ezijwayelekile; kungase kungabi nama-fail-safe engeziwe. | Indawo 22 (amafu othuli aqhumayo avela kafushane futhi angavamile). | Ukushisa okuphezulu okuncishisiwe; ukuvimbela ukukhishwa okungaguquki. |
Izindlela Zokuvikela Ezivamile (Ex d, Ex ia, Ex e)
Abakhiqizi basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuvikela ukuqinisekisaImishini eqinisekiswe yi-ATEXisebenza ngokuphepha ezindaweni eziyingozi. Lezi zindlela zivimbela ukusha kwemimoya eqhumayo. Ukuziqonda kusiza ekukhetheni imishini efanele izingozi ezithile.
Indawo Engangenisi Umlilo (Ex d)
Izivalo ezingashisi ilangabi, ezaziwa ngokuthi 'i-Ex d', ziyizindlela zokuvikela eziqinile. Ziqukethe ukuqhuma uma kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemishini. Lokhu kuvimbela ilangabi ukuthi lingasabalali liye endaweni ezungezile eqhumayo. Ucingo lwe-ATEX olusebenzisa ukuvikelwa kwe-Ex d luvumela ukuqhuma kwangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, isivalo akumele sivumele ukuqhuma kuphume ngaphandle. Lo mklamo ucabanga ukuthi izimo eziqhumayo zingangena esivaloni. Ucabanga nokuthi imishini engeyona i-Ex ngaphakathi ingadala imithombo yokushisa njengokushisa noma izinhlansi. Ngakho-ke, isivalo kumele simelane nokucindezela kokuqhuma kwangaphakathi.
Indlela eyinhloko yokuphepha ezindaweni zokuvala i-Ex d yindlela yelangabi. Ukuxhumana kwemishini, njengaleyo ephakathi kwendawo yokuvala nesembozo sayo, kwakha le ndlela. Indlela yelangabi ilawula ukukhishwa kwengcindezi. Icima amalangabi futhi ipholise amagesi aphumayo. Lokhu kuvimbela ukusha kwesibili ngaphandle kwendawo yokuvala i-ex. Ukulimala kwendlela yelangabi, njengokuqhekeka noma ukuklwebheka, kwenza ukuvikelwa kungasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kubeka engcupheni ukuqhuma kwesibili ngaphandle kwendawo yokuvala i-ex.
Imiqondo emisha ekuvikelweni kwe-Ex d ifaka phakathi amaphaneli okunciphisa ukucindezela kanye nezithiyo zokuvimba ilangabi. Lokhu kuvumela ukuvalwa okunezindonga ezincane, kunciphisa isisindo kanye nezindleko. Iphaneli yokunciphisa ukucindezela iyaqhuma cishe ku-0.1 bar g. Lokhu kuqondisa imiphumela yokuqhuma endaweni ezungezile. Ngemuva kwephaneli, isihlungi esenziwe ngezendlalelo zensimbi ezinezingqimba senza imisebenzi eminingana yokuphepha. Sicisha amalangabi futhi sipholise amagesi okukhipha ugesi. Siphinde sisakaze ingcindezi yokuqhuma. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ingcindezi esele kanye namagesi okukhipha ugesi apholile aphuma ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elizenzakalelayo.
Imiklamo ye-Ex d igxila nasekushabalaleni kokushisa. Ivimbela ukushisa okukhiqizwayo ukuthi kungafinyeleli amazinga okushisa okuvuthayo kwamagesi noma uthuli. Lokhu kuhilela ama-heat sink, izinto ezikhethekile eziqhuba ukushisa, noma imiklamo ethuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya wemvelo. Ukukhetha izinto kubalulekile. Abakhiqizi bakhetha izinto ngenxa yekhono labo lokubekezelela ukucindezeleka kokuqhuma kwangaphakathi. Baphinde bacabangele ukumelana nokugqwala nokuqina ezindaweni ezinzima. Izinto ezivamile zifaka i-aluminium, insimbi engagqwali, kanye nama-alloy anamandla aphezulu. Imishini kumele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zesitifiketi. Kumele futhi ihambisane nemithetho yokuphepha yamazwe ngamazwe neyendawo. Izinhlangano eziqinisekisayo zenza ukuhlolwa okubanzi. Ziqinisekisa amakhono okumelana nokuqhuma, okuhlanganisa ukufaneleka kwendlela yomlilo kanye nokuqina kokuvala. Izivikelo ezingamelani nomlilo zifanelekela izindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu ezinamagesi, umusi, noma inkungu ngaphansi kweQembu IIA, IIB, kanye ne-IIC.
Ukuphepha Kwangaphakathi (Ex ia)
Ukuphepha kwangaphakathi, noma i-'Ex ia', kungenye indlela evamile yokuvikela. Kunciphisa amandla kagesi nokushisa ngaphakathi kwesekethe. Lokhu kuvimbela izinhlansi noma izindawo ezishisayo ekuvutheni umoya oqhumayo. Imishini ye-Ex ia isebenza emazingeni aphansi kakhulu wamandla. Ayikwazi ukukhiqiza amandla anele okubangela ukusha, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zamaphutha. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke ezindaweni ze-Zone 0 kanye ne-Zone 20, lapho kuhlala khona umoya oqhumayo.
Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe (Isib. e)
Ukuphepha okwandisiwe, noma i-'Ex e', kuvimbela ukusha ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho zinhlansi noma izindawo ezishisayo ezenzekayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Le ndlela igxile ekwakheni okuqinile kanye nezingxenye zekhwalithi ephezulu. Isebenzisa amabanga akhulayo okusha kanye nokuvuleka. Iphinde isebenzise ukufudumala okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuxhumeka okuphephile. Imishini ye-Ex e ivimbela ukusha ngokugwema noma yimuphi umthombo wokusha. Ayiqukethe ukuqhuma okufana ne-Ex d. Ayinciphisi amandla afana ne-Ex ia. Esikhundleni salokho, ivimbela izimo zokusha ukuthi zingaveli. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ze-Zone 1 kanye ne-Zone 2.
Izici Ezibalulekile Zezingcingo Ze-ATEX Zikawoyela Negesi
Izindawo zikawoyela negesi zidinga amadivayisi okuxhumana anezici ezithile. Lezi zici ziqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukuqina, kanye nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo.Izingcingo ze-ATEXukuhlangabezana nalezi zimfuneko eziqinile.
Ukuvikelwa Kokungena (Izilinganiso ze-IP) Zokuqina
Izilinganiso Zokuvikela Ukungena (i-IP) zibalulekile kumafoni e-ATEX. Izinga lomhlaba wonke le-IEC 60529 lichaza lezi zilinganiso. Isilinganiso se-IP sihlukanisa ukuthi indawo ebiyelwe ivikela kanjani imishini kagesi ngempumelelo. Ivikela ezinhlayiyeni eziqinile njengothuli, isihlabathi, noma amathuluzi. Ivikela futhi eziwuketshezi ezifana nemvula, ama-splashes, ama-jet, noma ukucwiliswa.
Isilinganiso se-IP siqukethe izinhlamvu ezithi 'IP' ezilandelwa ikhodi enamadijithi amabili, isibonelo, i-IP67. Inombolo yokuqala ikhombisa ukuvikelwa ezintweni eziqinile. Inombolo yesibili ibhekisela ekuvikeleni umswakama. Inombolo ethi 'X' isho ukuthi akukho kuhlolwa okwenziwe kuleso sigaba.
Inombolo yokuqala ikhombisa ukumelana kwendawo ebiyelwe nezinto eziqinile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi konke kusukela ezinhlayiyeni zothuli ezinhle kakhulu kuya ezintweni ezinkulu. Isikali siqala ku-1 kuya ku-6. Izinga 1 limelela ukuvikelwa okuyisisekelo. Izinga 6 libonisa indawo ebiyelwe engangeni uthuli ngokuphelele. Le nombolo inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthi indawo ebiyelwe ivikela kanjani ukungena kwezinto eziqinile.
| Idijithi | Izinga Lokuvikela (Okuqinile) | Isibonelo (Okuqinile) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Akukho sivikelo | – |
| 1 | Izinto ≥ 50 mm | Ukuthintana ngesandla |
| 2 | Izinto ≥ 12.5 mm | Umunwe |
| 3 | Izinto ≥ 2.5 mm | Amathuluzi, izintambo ezijiyile |
| 4 | Izinto ≥ 1 mm | Izikulufo, amathuluzi amancane |
| 5 | Kuvikelwe uthuli | Ukungena kothuli okulinganiselwe |
| 6 | Ivimbe uthuli | Ukuvalwa kothuli okuphelele |
Inombolo yesibili ichaza ukumelana kwendawo ebiyelwe ekungeneni kwamanzi. Le nombolo iphathelene kuphela nokuvikelwa emanzini. Ayihlanganisi ezinye izinto eziwuketshezi ezifana namafutha noma i-coolant. Isilinganiso sisukela ku-0 kuya ku-8. Ileveli 0 ikhombisa ukungabikho kokuvikelwa kwamanzi. Ileveli 8 ikhombisa indawo ebiyelwe engangeni manzi ekwazi ukumelana nokucwiliswa isikhathi eside. Le nombolo yazisa abasebenzisi ngezinga lokumelana kwamanzi elinikezwa yindawo ebiyelwe.
| Idijithi | Izinga Lokuvikela (Uketshezi) | Isebenza Kahle Ngokumelene (Noketshezi) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Akukho ukuvikelwa koketshezi/umswakama | |
| 1 | Amanzi aconsayo | Amanzi aconsayo (amaconsi awela phezulu) akufanele abe nomthelela omubi entweni uma efakwe endaweni eqondile etafuleni lokujika futhi ejikeleziswa ku-1 RPM. |
| 2 | Amanzi aconsayo uma etshekile ku-15° | Amanzi aconsa phezulu ngeke abe nomthelela omubi uma into ithambekele ekhoneni lika-15° ukusuka endaweni yayo evamile. |
| 3 | Amanzi okufafaza | Amanzi awela njengesifutho kunoma iyiphi i-engeli efika ku-60° ukusuka phezulu ngeke abe nomphumela olimazayo, kusetshenziswa noma yikuphi: a) into yokunyakazisa noma b) I-nozzle yesifutho enesivikelo esiphikisanayo. |
| 4 | Ukuchitheka kwamanzi | Ukuchaphaza kwamanzi entweni kusuka kunoma iyiphi indlela akufanele kube nomthelela omubi, kusetshenziswa noma yikuphi: a) into enyakazayo noma b) I-spray nozzle engenasivikelo. |
| 5 | Amajethi amanzi | Amajethi anomfutho ophansi |
| 6 | Amajethi anamandla | Amanzi anomfutho ophezulu |
| 7 | ukucwiliswa kwesikhashana | Kufika ku-1 m, imizuzu engama-30 |
| 8 | Ukucwiliswa okuqhubekayo | Ukujula nesikhathi esichazwe ngumkhiqizi |
| 9K | Amajethi anomfutho ophezulu, ashisa kakhulu | Ukuhlanza kwezimboni |
Ezindaweni zikawoyela negesi, ikakhulukazi amapulatifomu okumba asogwini lolwandle, kunconywa isilinganiso se-IP68 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka ezindaweni zokusebenza ezimanzi noma ezinothuli. Izingcingo eziningi ze-ATEX zezimboni nazo zinezilinganiso zemvelo ze-IP67 ezinezingeniso ze-NPT conduit noma izinhlobo zokuvikela ze-IP66 njengoba kuchazwe ku-EN60529. Lezi zilinganiso ziqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ibekezelela izimo ezinzima.
Ukuqina Nokumelana Nemvelo
Izikhungo zikawoyela negesi zinezimo eziyinselele kakhulu. Izingcingo kulezi zindawo zidinga ukuqina okumangalisayo kanye nokumelana nemvelo. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa izinto ezithile kanye namasu okwakha ukuze bafeze lokhu.
- Izinto Zokwakha Umzimba Nesikhava:I-alloy ye-aluminium engagqwali, insimbi engagqwali, i-SMC (i-Sheet Molding Compound), kanye nensimbi esindayo kunikeza ukwakhiwa okuqinile.
- Izindawo ezivalekile:Izivalo eziqinile, ezivame ukwenziwa nge-aluminium eqoshiwe noma insimbi engagqwali, ziqukethe ukuqhuma kwangaphakathi. Zivimbela lokhu kuqhuma ekuvutheni amagesi angaphandle.
- Ukuvala:Ukuvalwa okukhethekile, okuhlanganisa izindlela zomlilo noma izivalo ze-labyrinth, kuyapholisa futhi kuqede ukushisa okuvela kumagesi aphumayo ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwangaphakathi. Kuvimbela nokungena kothuli, amanzi, nezinto ezibolayo.
- Ukuphepha Kwangaphakathi:Izingxenye zenzelwe ukunciphisa amandla kagesi ngaphansi kwamazinga okuthungela amagesi noma umusi ovuthayo. Lokhu kuvimbela izinhlansi noma ukushisa okweqile.
- Izingxenye Ezivaliwe:Ama-microphone, izipikha, kanye nezintambo zivalwe. Lokhu kuvimbela ukungena kothuli, umswakama, nezinto ezibolayo.
- Izingxenye Ezingakhiphi Inhlansi:Yonke ingxenye yangaphakathi ikhethwe noma yenzelwe ukungakhanyi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amasekethe anamandla aphansi, izingxenye ezizwelayo ezivalekile, izinkinobho, kanye nezintambo.
- Ama-Handset Aqinile:Ama-handset aklanyelwe ngqo ukumelana nezimo ezinzima kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba.
- Izilinganiso Zemvelo:Izilinganiso ze-IP66/IP68/IP69K ziqinisekisa ukumelana nothuli namanzi. Izilinganiso ze-NEMA 4X/6 zihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa ekungeneni kwamanzi, ukugqwala, kanye nokucwiliswa kwesikhashana.
- Ukuvikelwa Komthelela:Ukuvikelwa komthelela we-IK10 kuqinisekisa ukuqina ngokumelene nemiphumela engokoqobo.
Lezi zinketho zokuklama ziqinisekisa ukuthi ucingo lusebenza ngendlela ethembekile. Zivikela nabasebenzi ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu nezingaba yingozi.
Izici Zokuxhumana Nokuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu
Izingcingo ze-ATEX zesimanje zinikeza izici zokuxhumana ezithuthukisiwe. Ziphinde zihlanganiswe kalula nezinhlelo zezikhungo ezikhona. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusabela eziphuthumayo.
Izingcingo eziqinisekiswe yi-ATEX zisekela izinqubo zokuxhumana ezahlukahlukene. Amamodeli amaningi asekela izinqubo zokuxhumana ze-Voice over IP (VoIP). Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). Lokhu kuhambisana kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana asekelwe ku-IP anamuhla. Ukuxhumana kwe-analog kuyatholakala nasezinhlelweni ezindala.
Ukuhlanganisa izingcingo ze-ATEX nezinhlelo ze-Public Address kanye ne-General Alarm (PAGA) kunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile:
- Ukuthuthukisa Amakhono Okuxhumana Okuphuthumayo: Ukuhlanganiswa kuqinisa ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo. Uhlelo lwe-PAGA lusakaza imiyalezo ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho i-alamu ikhala. Abasebenzi basebenzisa izingcingo ze-ATEX ukubika imininingwane noma ukucela usizo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukwabelana okusheshayo kolwazi olubalulekile.
- Ukuthuthukisa Izinqubo Zokuphepha Nokuphendula: Izinhlelo ezihlangene ziholela ekuphepheni okungcono. Zixwayisa amaqembu athile ngokushesha ngempendulo ehlelekile. Isibonelo, zikhipha abasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuvuza kwegesi. Amaqembu okulungisa athola izaziso eziqondile.
- Ukufeza Ukuthobela Imithetho: Ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokuxhumana kusiza izikhungo ukuthi zihlangabezane nemithetho eqinile yokuphepha. Kubonisa iziphathimandla izinqubo eziphuthumayo eziqinile. Lokhu kusiza futhi ukugwema izinhlawulo.
- Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokusebenza: Izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zenza kube lula ukusebenza kwansuku zonke. Abasebenzi babika ngokushesha izinkinga ezivela kunoma iyiphi indawo besebenzisa ocingweni lwe-ATEX. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Kwenza futhi kube lula ukwenza izimemezelo ezivamile ngohlelo lwe-PAGA.
- Ukuqaphela Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko Ngokuhlanganisa: Ukusetha kokuqala kunezindleko. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanganiswa konga imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kugwema ukuthenga izinhlelo ezihlukene, ezingahambisani. Kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa. Kungase futhi kudinge ukuqeqeshwa okuncane kwabasebenzi.
Lezi zixazululo zokuxhumana ezihlanganisiwe zibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile nokusebenza kahle ezindaweni zikawoyela negesi.
Izinketho Zamandla kanye Nokucatshangelwa Kwempilo Yebhethri
Amandla athembekile abalulekile kumadivayisi okuxhumana ezindaweni zikawoyela negesi. Lezi zindawo zivame ukungabi nokufinyelela okulula ezindaweni zokushaja. Ngakho-ke, izingcingo eziqinisekiswe yi-ATEX zidinga izixazululo zamandla eziqinile. Kumelwe zinikeze isikhathi eside sebhethri. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo phakathi nemisebenzi ebalulekile kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo.
Umthamo webhethri uyinkinga enkulu kumadivayisi aphathekayo. Uma kusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, umthamo webhethri ongu-4000mAh uphansi. Amafoni amaningi angaphandle aqinile manje anamandla angu-10,000mAh noma ngaphezulu. Lawa mabhethri amakhulu anikeza isikhathi eside sokusebenza.
Abasebenzisi bangalindela ukusebenza kwebhethri okuhlukahlukene ngokusekelwe kumaphethini okusetshenziswa. Ithebula elilandelayo lichaza okulindelwe okujwayelekile:
| Isici | Ibanga/Ukulindela |
|---|---|
| Umthamo Webhethri | 4000–10000 mAh |
| Isikhathi Sokulinda | Kufika emahoreni angu-72+ |
| Ukusetshenziswa Okumaphakathi | Amahora angu-48–72 |
| Ukusetshenziswa Okukhulu | Usuku olugcwele |
| Ukusetshenziswa Okuqhubekayo | Izinsuku ezimbalwa (kwamanye amamodeli adlula u-5000 mAh) |
Kunezici eziningana ezibangela impilo yebhethri ende kulawa madivayisi akhethekile. Abakhiqizi baklama lawa mafoni ukuze asebenze kahle kakhulu.
- Amabhethri anomthamo ophezulu, asukela ku-5,000mAh kuya ku-10,000mAh, makhulu kakhulu kunalawo amafoni ajwayelekile.
- Amaprosesa asebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo, ngokuvamile ama-chipset esimanje, anamandla aphansi, akhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri.
- Isofthiwe elungiselelwe ifaka izindlela zokonga amandla kanye nokukhanya okuguquguqukayo. Lezi zici zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
- Izindlela zokonga amandla, amaprosesa asebenza kahle, kanye nezibonisi zamandla aphansi konke kunegalelo ekwandiseni isikhathi sokusebenza.
- Amanye amayunithi asekela amabhethri ashintshwayo ashisayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa. Izisebenzi zingashintsha ibhethri eliphelelwe amandla ngaphandle kokuvula idivayisi. Lesi sici sibalulekile ekushintsheni okuqhubekayo nasezindaweni ezikude.
Ukukhetha inketho yamandla efanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kuhlala kutholakala lapho kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha kanye nokuqhubeka kokusebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi.
Ukukhetha Okuhlelekile Kwefoni Yakho Ye-ATEX
Ukukhetha idivayisi yokuxhumana efanele ezindaweni eziyingozi kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Amabhizinisi kumele acabangele izici eziningi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuthobela imithetho.
Ukuhlola Izidingo Zokusebenza kanye Nemvelo
Ukukhetha ucingo lwe-ATEX kuqala ngokuhlola okujulile. Amabhizinisi kumele aqonde izidingo zawo zokusebenza kanye nendawo ezungezile. Akhomba izindawo eziyingozi ngqo lapho ucingo luzosebenza khona. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa kwegesi nothuli, amazinga okushisa, kanye namazinga okuvikela imishini. Aphinde acabangele izimo zomzimba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amazinga okushisa aphezulu, umswakama, izinto ezigqwalisayo, kanye namathuba okuba nomthelela emzimbeni.
Okulandelayo, amabhizinisi ahlola izidingo zokuxhumana. Anquma ukuthi adinga ukuxhumana ngezwi, ukudluliswa kwedatha, noma kokubili. Aphinde acabangele ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezikhona njenge-Public Address kanye ne-General Alarm (PAGA). Inani labasebenzisi kanye nendawo edingekayo yokumboza nakho kudlala indima. Ukuqonda le mininingwane kusiza ukufanisa izici zocingo nomsebenzi.
Ukukhethwa Kwabathengisi Nokuthembeka Komkhiqizo
Ukukhethaumthengisi othembekileKubalulekile ezixazululweni zokuxhumana ze-ATEX. Amabhizinisi kufanele afune abakhiqizi abanomlando oqinile. Bahlola abathengisi ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni eziningana ezibalulekile.
Okokuqala, izitifiketi zokuthobela imithetho zibalulekile. Umthengisi othembekile unezitifiketi ezifana ne-ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU. Bane-ISO 9001 yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi kanye ne-ISO 80079 yezindawo eziqhumayo. Amanye amamaki abalulekile afaka i-CE, i-NRTL, kanye ne-Distinguished Community Mark ('Ex' ku-hexagon). Emishinini eseZindaweni 0 no-1, i-Notified Body ihlola umkhiqizo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iSitifiketi Sohlobo lwe-EU kanye ne-Quality Audit (QAN). Lezi zitifiketi zibonisa ukunamathela ezindinganisweni zokuphepha eziqinile kanye nekhwalithi.
Okwesibili, amabhizinisi acabangela izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (i-TCO). Lokhu kufaka okungaphezu nje kwentengo yokuqala yokuthenga. Ahlola izindleko zokulungisa, ukuqina, kanye nokuthuthukiswa. Imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezitifiketi zokuphepha eziphakeme ivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinzima. Imbuyiselo yesikhathi eside ekutshalweni kwezimali (i-ROI) ivela ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphansi. Ukuthobela imithetho kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Izindinganiso ziyashintsha, zidinga izibuyekezo eziqhubekayo kanye nokuqinisekiswa kabusha. Lokhu kugcizelela isidingo sokusekelwa kwabathengisi besikhathi eside.
Okwesithathu, abathengisi kumele banikeze ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende okuqinile kanye nensizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa usizo lobuchwepheshe olutholakala kalula lokufaka nokuxazulula izinkinga. Izinqubomgomo zewaranti ezicacile kanye nezinsizakalo zokulungisa ezisebenzayo nazo zibalulekile. Ukufinyelela izingxenye ezisele kuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwesikhathi eside. Abahlinzeki abathembekile banciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Bavame ukunikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi bamakhasimende. Amabhizinisi kufanele abukeze ubufakazi kanye nezifundo zamacala. Lezi zinsiza zinikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngokusebenza komhlinzeki kanye nokusebenza kahle komkhiqizo. Ziphinde zibonise ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
Ukufakwa, Ukugcinwa, kanye Nokusekelwa
Ukufakwa okufanele kanye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile kumafoni e-ATEX. Aqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho.
Ukufakwa kudinga abasebenzi abafanelekayo. Abantu abafaka imishini kumele babe nokuqeqeshwa kokuthobela imithetho ye-ATEX. Balandela imiyalelo yokufaka enemininingwane enikezwe umenzi. Izinqubo ezifanele zokubeka phansi kanye nokubopha zivimbela ukwakheka kukagesi ongashintshi. Yonke imishini, kufaka phakathi izingcingo, kumele iqinisekiswe yi-ATEX. Lokhu kunciphisa izingozi zokusha. Abafaki bayaqonda izidingo zokuhlela indawo. Bahlukanisa izindawo eziyingozi ukuze bakhethe imishini enezinga lokuvikela elifanele. Basebenzisa nezimiso zokuklama eziphephile ngaphakathi. Lokhu kunciphisa amandla kagesi nawokushisa kumasekethe. Lokhu kuvimbela ukusha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu. Abafaki balandela iziqondiso zokubekwa okufanele, ukususwa, kanye nokuqondiswa. Baqinisekisa izintambo ezifanele besebenzisa izinhlobo nosayizi wekhebula elicacisiwe. Lokhu kuvimbela ukusha noma ukushisa ngokweqile. Baphinde babhekele izici zemvelo njengokushisa, umswakama, noma izinto ezibolayo. Ngemuva kokufakwa, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesistimu kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zisebenza njengoba kulindelekile.
Ukugcinwa njalo kuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuqhubekayo. Amabhizinisi asungula futhi alandela ngokuqinile amashejuli okuhlola avamile. Abasebenzi abafanelekayo benza lokhu kuhlolwa. Kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, kanye nokuhlolwa okungonakalisi. Ukuhlanza njalo nokugcinwa kokuvimbela kusebenzisa ama-ejenti nezinqubo ezivunyiwe. Lokhu kususa ukungcola futhi kuvimbele ukuguguleka. Amabhizinisi agcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yawo wonke ukugcinwa, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokulungiswa. Lokhu kusiza ngokuhambisana, ukuhlela, kanye nokuqonda kokusebenza. I-Firmware nesofthiwe kufanele zihlale zisebenzisa izinguqulo zakamuva. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza. Izingxenye ezigugile kumele zishintshwe ngokushesha ngezingxenye zomkhiqizi wokuqala. Lokhu kugcina ubuqotho nokuphepha kwedivayisi. Bonke abaqhubi nabasebenzi bathola ukuqeqeshwa okufanele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imingcele yokusebenza, izinqubo zokuphepha, kanye nempendulo ephuthumayo.
Imisebenzi yokulungisa ihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo: Hlola umonakalo obonakalayo, ukugqwala, ukuxhumeka okuxekethile, kanye nokuvalwa okufanele. Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke amalebula nezimpawu ziyafundeka.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza: Qinisekisa ukuthi yonke imisebenzi yedivayisi isebenza kahle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola izinkinobho, izibonisi, izinzwa, kanye namamojula okuxhumana.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwempilo Yebhethri: Qapha impilo yebhethri, imijikelezo yokushaja, kanye nokusebenza kwayo yonke. Shintsha amabhethri njengoba kunconywa.
- Izibuyekezo zeSoftware/Firmware: Buyekeza njalo isofthiwe yedivayisi kanye ne-firmware ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, ukuphepha, kanye nokuhambisana.
- Ukuhlanza: Hlanza amadivayisi usebenzisa izindlela ezivunyiwe ukuvimbela ukwakheka okungabeka engcupheni ukuphepha.
- Ukulinganisa: Linganisa izinzwa namathuluzi okulinganisa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ugcine ukunemba.
- Ukubuyekezwa Kwamadokhumenti: Gcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yayo yonke imisebenzi yokulungisa.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo: Qinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi asebenza ngaphakathi kwezimo zemvelo ezibekiwe.
- Ukuhlolwa KwezesekeliHlola amashaja, izintambo, kanye nezikesi ukuze ubone ukuthi azinawo yini umonakalo.
- Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi: Qinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzi baqeqeshwe kahle ngokusetshenziswa kwedivayisi kanye nokuphepha kwayo.
Le mikhuba ihambisana nezindinganiso ezifana ne-IEC 60079-17 zokuhlola nokulungisa. Ilandela futhi i-IEC 60079-14 yokukhetha nokufaka. I-IEC 60079-19 ichaza izinqubo zokulungisa. I-NFPA 70 (NEC) inikeza iziqondiso zase-US zezindawo eziyingozi.
Ukukhetha ifoni ye-ATEX kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela izindawo eziyingozi, imingcele yokuvikela, kanye nezici ezibalulekile. Ukutshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezihambisanayo nezithembekile kunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zesikhathi eside. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokunamathela kwemithetho. Ukuze uthole izixazululo ezenzelwe wena kanye nesiqondiso sochwepheshe, xhumana nochwepheshe abanjengoJoiwo. Banikeza izinhlelo zokuxhumana zezimboni eziphelele ezenzelwe izindawo ezidinga kakhulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Kusho ukuthini isitifiketi se-ATEX?
Isitifiketi se-ATEX sibonisa ukuthi imishini ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ze-EU zezindawo eziqhumayo. Siqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi afana nezingcingo ngeke abangele ukusha ezindaweni eziyingozi. Lokhu kuvikela abasebenzi futhi kuvimbele izingozi.
Kungani izingcingo ze-ATEX zibalulekile ku-oyela negesi?
Izindawo zikawoyela negesi zinegesi evuthayo kanye nothuli. Izingcingo ze-ATEX zivimbela izinhlansi noma ukushisa okungabangela ukuqhuma. Ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile, okubalulekile emisebenzini yansuku zonke kanye nasezimo eziphuthumayo.
Iyini isilinganiso se-IP ocingweni lwe-ATEX?
Isilinganiso se-IP sibonisa ukuvikelwa kocingo ezintweni eziqinile kanye noketshezi. Isibonelo, i-IP67 isho ukuthi ayivali uthuli futhi ingamelana nokucwiliswa emanzini okwesikhashana. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuqina ezindaweni ezinzima.
Izingcingo ze-ATEX zikuvimbela kanjani ukuqhuma?
Amafoni e-ATEX asebenzisa izindlela ezifana nezindawo zokuvala ezingangeni umlilo (Ex d) noma ukuphepha kwangaphakathi (Ex ia). I-Ex d iqukethe ukuqhuma ngaphakathi kwedivayisi. I-Ex ia inciphisa amandla ukuvimbela izinhlansi. Lezi zindlela ziyeka ukuvutha.
Ingabe izingcingo ze-ATEX zingaxhuma kwezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana?
Yebo, izingcingo eziningi ze-ATEX ziyasekelaIzinqubo ze-VoIP ezifana ne-SIPZingahlanganiswa nezinhlelo ze-Public Address kanye ne-General Alarm (PAGA). Lokhu kuthuthukisa impendulo ephuthumayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuxhumana endaweni.
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