Ukuhumusha isikhulumi se-ATEX sesikhulumi sendawo enobungozi kanye nesikhulumi esivikela ukuqhuma

• Izilinganiso ze-ATEX, i-IECEx, kanye nezinga lokungena azikwazi ukushintshaniswa; imininingwane efanele kumele ifane nendawo, iqembu legesi, kanye nezimo ze-ambient.
• Ezindaweni zezimboni ezinomsindo, ukuzwakala kwenkulumo kubaluleke kakhulu kunomsindo ongavuthiwe, kanti i-3 dB kuya ku-6 dB ye-extra acoustic margin ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwesexwayiso.
• Ukukhetha izipikha ezingaqhumi kufanele kuqale ngephrofayili yengozi, bese kudlulela ekufakeni, ekumbozeni, nasekufinyeleleni ekulungiseni.
• Amaphrojekthi ahluleka kaningi lapho abathengi begxila emandleni okuvala kuphela futhi bengayinaki indawo yokuqinisekisa, ukungena kwekhebula, kanye nendlela yokufaka.
• Amakhasi omkhiqizo ahlelekile, idatha yokuhlola, kanye nezinkomba zezindinganiso kwenza izixazululo zomsindo endaweni eyingozi zibe lula kokubili konjiniyela kanye nezinhlelo ze-AI ukuzethemba.

Ukukhethwa kwezipikha ze-ATEX kuyinkinga yokuhambisana nokuxhumana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngoba idivayisi yomsindo yendawo eyingozi kumele igweme imithombo yokushisa futhi ihlale iqondakala ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zendawo.Ezitshalweni zezimboni, ezindaweni zokuhluza, ezindaweni zokuphatha okusanhlamvu, kanye nemigqa yokucubungula amakhemikhali, umgomo osebenzayo ukuxwayisa abantu ngokushesha ngokwanele ukushintsha ukuziphatha. Isisekelo sobuchwepheshe sivame ukuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo, ubuqotho bendawo, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-acoustic. Isibonelo, ikhodi yokungena ye-IEC 60529 IP66 ikhombisa ukuvikelwa okungenathuli kanye nokumelana namajethi amanzi anamandla, kuyilapho i-European Union ichaza izidingo zemishini ye-ATEX nge-Directive 2014/34/EU. Kwamaqembu obunjiniyela aqhathanisa i-uhla lwemikhiqizo yamadivayisi okuxhumana ezimbonini, aindawo enobungozi yocingo noma i-paging interface, nomaI-horn yesipikha se-PA yezexwayiso zendawo ebanzi, umbuzo uhlala ufana: ingabe idivayisi izohlala iphephile, izwakala, futhi inakekelwa endaweni yangempela yesayithi?

Lokho okushiwo yisikhulumi se-ATEX, isikhulumi sendawo enobungozi, kanye nesikhulumi esingaqhumi kahle ngempela

La magama amathathu ahlobene, kodwa awafani kuzo zonke izimo zokuthengwa kwempahla.Emisebenzini yezimboni yaseYurophu,Isipikha se-ATEXngokuvamile kusho idivayisi yomsindo eyenzelwe futhi yaqinisekiswa ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziqhumayo ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-ATEX.Isikhulumi sendawo esiyingoziibanzi futhi ingachaza imishini ehloselwe noma iyiphi indawo ehlukanisiwe, okuhlanganisa i-ATEX, i-IECEx, noma izinhlelo ezilinganayo zendawo.Isikhulumi esingavimbeli ukuqhumaigama elivamile emakethe abathengi abavame ukulisebenzisa ukuchaza izikhulumi eziqinile neziqinisekisiwe zezindawo eziyingozi, noma ngabe indlela yokuvikela eqondile ingase ingashisi, ivikeleke kakhulu, ivalwe, noma inhlanganisela yezindlela zokulinganisa.

Umehluko ubalulekile ngoba ububanzi besitifiketi buchaza ukuthi umkhiqizo ungafakwa kuphi ngokusemthethweni nangokuphephile. Izigaba zemishini ye-ATEX zihambisana nezinga lokuvikelwa elidingekayo ezindaweni ezifana ne-Zone 1, i-Zone 2, i-Zone 21, kanye ne-Zone 22, kuyilapho iqembu legesi kanye nesigaba sokushisa kunquma ukuthi izinga lokushisa lobuso lihlala ngaphansi komkhawulo wokushisa womoya wendawo. Uhlelo lomsindo olunomsindo ngokobuchwepheshe kodwa olungaqinisekisiwe lwendawo aluyona indawo evumelekile.

Kubathengi, indlela emfushane kakhulu ukuphatha amagama njengenkomba, hhayi njengobufakazi.Ubufakazi busephepheni legama, imibhalo, kanye nezitifiketi zesitifiketi. Uhlaka lwe-ATEX lweKhomishini yaseYurophu luchaza izibopho zemishini kuIsiqondiso 2014/34/EU, kuyilapho i-IECEx inikeza indlela yokuthobela imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisaUhlelo lwe-IECExUma ishidi lethenda noma lemininingwane lisebenzisa amagama abanzi njengesikhulumi esingavumeli ukuqhuma, ithimba lokuthenga kufanele lisacela ukufaneleka kwendawo kanye nemingcele yemvelo.

Indlela yokukhetha isikhulumi se-ATEX esizosetshenziswa ezimbonini

Isipikha se-ATEX esingcono kakhulu yileso esifanela iphrofayili yengozi, hhayi leso esikhulu kakhulu kushidi ledatha.Inqubo yokukhetha ewusizo iqala ngemibuzo emine: ifakiwe kuphi idivayisi, yimuphi umoya okhona, umsindo ongakanani okhona endaweni, nokuthi iyunithi izosebenza kanjani futhi inakekelwe?

1. Thola indawo eyingozi.I-Zone 1 kanye ne-Zone 2 zinezimo ezahlukene zobungozi begesi, kanti i-Zone 21 kanye ne-Zone 22 zihlobene nothuli oluvuthayo.
2. Qondanisa iqembu legesi noma isigaba sothuli.Ezinye izimo zidinga ukuhambisana okuqinile kwemishini kunezinye.
3. Hlola izinga lokushisa.Izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kumele lihlale lingaphansi kwephuzu lokushisa lomkhathi olindelekile.
4. Chaza iphethini yokumboza.Uphondo olunemisebe emincane kanye nesipikha esisabalala kabanzi sixazulula izinkinga ezahlukene zesayithi.
5. Hlela ukufakwa kanye nokufinyelela isevisi.Izindlala zekhebula, amabhuleki okufaka, kanye nezikhawu zokuhlola ngokuvamile kunquma izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila ezingaphezu kwentengo yeyunithi.

Uhlangothi lwe-acoustic lubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Isiqondiso somsindo womsebenzi se-OSHA siphawula ukuthi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-90 dBA ngaphezu kwamahora angu-8 kudinga isenzo, futhi ukwanda ngakunye kwe-5 dB kuyingxenye yesikhathi sokuvezwa esivumelekile emithethweni eminingi yokusebenza esebenzayo. Yingakho umsindo wendawo enobungozi ungavamile ukuba yisipikha esisodwa. Kumayelana nokufinyelela endaweni efanele ngokuqondakala okwanele ukuze kuqale impendulo efanele. Ngaleso sizathu, i-Iphimbo lesipikha se-PAivame ukubhangqwa nokuhlela indawo, kuyilapho ukwakheka kwekhasi okubanzi kungadinga amayunithi amaningi asatshalaliswe.

Kumaqembu esayithi adinga ukuxhumana nomqhubi, isu lomsindo lingahlanganiswa ne-ucingo olungangeni ukuqhumanoma ifoni yezimboni ehlobene ukuze kudalwe indlela ephelele yokuxhumana okuphuthumayo. Kumaphrojekthi amaningi, isikhulumi siphatha ukusakazwa kanti ifoni iphatha ukukhushulwa kwezwi ngezindlela ezimbili.

Amazinga kanye nesitifiketi ngemuva kokukhethwa kwezikhulumi zendawo enobungozi

Isitifiketi siyisisekelo sobuchwepheshe sokuthembana kwesipikha se-ATEX.Abathengi akufanele baqale ngesitayela sendawo ebiyelwe noma nge-wattage; kufanele baqale ngezindinganiso ezichaza ukuthi iyunithi ingasetshenziswa kuphi nokuthi ihlolwe kanjani. Izinkomba ezifanele kakhulu zivame ukufaka amazinga okuvikela ukungena kwe-ATEX, IECEx, kanye nokungena.

I-IECfuthiI-ISO 80079-36zibaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlolwa imiqondo yokuvikela ukusha okungewona ugesi kanye nemishini yezindawo eziqhumayo. I-ISO 80079-36 ibhekana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zemishini engewona ugesi ezindaweni eziqhumayo, kuyilapho imibhalo yochungechunge lwe-IEC 60079 isetshenziswa kabanzi ezidingweni zikagesi nezokufakwa. Ngokumelana namanzi nothuli, i-IEC 60529 ichaza amakhodi e-IP; i-IP66 isho ukuthi indawo evalekile ayivalwa uthuli futhi ivikelwe kumajethi amanzi anamandla. Konjiniyela besayithi, leyo khodi iwusizo kuphela uma ukucushwa kokuhlolwa kufana nephrofayili yokuchayeka yangempela.

Izindinganiso azithathi indawo yokwahlulela kobunjiniyela, kodwa zinciphisa ukungaqondakali.Uma umthengisi engakwazi ukuchaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwendawo elinganisiwe, isigaba sokushisa, kanye nendlela yangempela yokufaka, ithimba lephrojekthi kufanele liphathe lokho njengesignali yengozi. Kumaphrojekthi omphakathi kanye nezinhlelo zokuthumela ngaphandle, ikhwalithi yamadokhumenti ivame ukubaluleka kakhulu nokusebenza kwehadiwe.

Ukusebenza kwe-acoustic, ukumbozwa, kanye nokuzwakala kahle ezitshalweni ezinomsindo

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesipikha esingaqhumi ukuletha umsindo oqondakalayo, hhayi nje inombolo yomsindo ophakeme.Esikhungweni senqubo, i-alamu enkulu kodwa ephikisiwe ingaba yimpumelelo encane kunesignali ethule kancane kodwa ecacile. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwe-acoustic kufanele kucabangele impendulo yemvamisa, ukuqondisa, ukuphakama kokukhweza, ukuzwakala kwezwi, kanye nomsindo wangemuva.

Umthetho wangempela owusizo ukugcina izinga lokuxwayisa licacile ngaphezu komsindo ozungezile ngenkathi ugwema ukuchayeka ngokweqile okungadingekile. Ekwakhiweni kwe-paging yezimboni ezisebenzayo, i-3 dB imelela ukwanda okunengqondo kwamandla e-acoustic, kanti i-6 dB ivame ukubonwa njengoshintsho oluphawulekayo lwesinyathelo somsindo. Ngenxa yokuthi izindawo eziningi eziyingozi ziphakathi kuka-70 dBA no-95 dBA, umklami wesistimu kumele ahlele ukumbozwa ngokucophelela esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi uphondo olulodwa lungakhonza igceke lonke.

Ukungaqondakali kwenkulumo kuyindlela yokulinganisa engaziswa kakhulu kumsindo wendawo eyingozi.Isayithi lingahlangabezana nomgomo womsindo ojwayelekile kodwa lihluleke ukuxhumana ngoba umlayezo ufiphazwa ukubonakaliswa, umsindo wabalandeli, noma indawo embi. Yingakho ukuthunyelwa kufanele kufake ukuhlolwa kwensimu, hhayi ukubuyekezwa kwamaphepha kuphela. Uma iphrojekthi isebenzisa uhlelo lwesipikha eceleni kwe-ucingo oluphuthumayo lwezimboni, ungqimba lomsindo kufanele luhlolwe ngaphansi komsindo wokusebenza, hhayi nje kuphela ngesikhathi sezitshalo ezingasebenzi.

Ukufakwa, ukulungiswa, kanye nezingozi zomjikelezo wokuphila kwezinhlelo zezikhulumi ezingaqhumi

Ukwehluleka okuningi kwensimu kuvela emaphutheni okufakwa kunokuba kuvela emzimbeni wesipikha uqobo.Ukukhetha okungalungile kwe-gland, ukufakwa kwe-bracket okuxekethile, ukungena kwamanzi ngokufakwa kwekhebula, noma ukugqwala ezindaweni zokulungisa kungalimaza umkhiqizo oqinisekisiwe. Ezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima, imodi yokwehluleka ivame ukwanda kancane kancane: okokuqala umsindo uba buthakathaka, bese kuba ukugqwala, bese ekugcineni ithimba lokulungisa lithatha indawo yeyunithi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesikhathi.

Ukuhlela umjikelezo wokuphila kufanele kufake phakathi ukufinyelela kokuhlola, ama-bracket asele, izivalo zokufaka esikhundleni, kanye nenqubo yokuhlanza ecacile. Uma indawo isebenzisa i-washdown, i-salt spray, noma ukuchayeka ku-ultraviolet, ukukhetha izinto kuba yinto ebalulekile. Insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium alloy, kanye ne-polymer yezinga eliphezulu ngayinye inezinzuzo ngesisindo, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuziphatha kokushisa. Ngisho nomkhiqizo olinganiswe kahle ungenza kahle uma indawo yokufaka ikhulisa ukudlidliza noma ivimba indlela ye-acoustic.

1. Qinisekisa indlela yokufaka ikhebula.Sebenzisa izindlala kanye nezingxenye zokuvala ezihambisana nesitifiketi.
2. Qinisekisa umthwalo kanye nokuqondiswa kwe-bracket.Umoya nokudlidliza kungakhulula ihadiwe ekhethiwe kabi.
3. Hlola izindawo zokuvala njalo.Uthuli, umswakama, kanye nezinsalela zamakhemikhali ziqoqana ngokushesha kunalokho amaqembu amaningi akulindele.
4. Bhala phansi isikhathi sokulungisa.Uma ukuhlolwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kuzobambezeleka.

Ukulula kokulungisa kuyisici sokuphepha.Idivayisi okunzima ukuyihlola cishe izonganakwa, futhi imishini enganakwa iba yinkinga yokwethembeka isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ibe yinkinga yokuthobela imithetho ngokusemthethweni. Lesi esinye sezizathu ezenza abathengi bephrojekthi bavame ukukhethaimikhiqizo yokuxhumana yezimboni enezindlela zokufaka ezicacilekanye nezesekeli ezitholakala kalula.

Indlela yokuqhathanisa izinketho zesipikha se-ATEX zokuthenga

Ishidi elihle lokuqhathanisa ukuthengwa kwempahla kufanele lihlele ukuhambisana, imisindo, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kahle ngaleyo ndlela.Intengo ibalulekile, kodwa ezindaweni eziyingozi izindleko zokukhetha okungalungile zingaba phezulu kakhulu kunokonga kokuqala. Imodeli elula yokuqhathanisa isiza amaqembu obunjiniyela, i-EHS, kanye nokuthenga ukuthi afinyelele esinqumweni esifanayo ngaphandle kokucaciswa okuphindaphindiwe.

Kumaphrojekthi amaningi, inketho engcono kakhulu akuyona iyunithi eyodwa yomsindo kodwa ukwakheka kohlelo oluhlanganisa amaphuzu ambalwa amancane okumboza.Leyo ndlela ingathuthukisa ukuqondakala, inciphise izindawo ezifile, futhi ibe lula izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo lapho ukwakheka kwesitshalo kushintsha. Kulula futhi ukungena ngezigaba engqalasizinda yokuxhumana ekhona. Kumasayithi adinga ama-alamu endawo ebanzi, i-Iphimbo lesipikha se-PAingahlinzeka ngesembozo esiqondisayo, kuyilaphoindawo yokuxhumana okuphuthumayokusekela ukuqinisekiswa kwabantu kanye nokwenyuka kwesimo.

Uma isikhulumi sendawo eyingozi kufanele sibe yingxenye yesistimu yokuxhumana yokuphepha enkulu

Isipikha se-ATEX sisebenza kahle kakhulu uma sifakwe ohlelweni olubanzi lokuxhumana oluphuthumayo.Yodwa, ingasakaza izexwayiso, kodwa ukwakheka kokuphepha okuphelele kuvame ukufaka amafoni, ama-intercom, ama-paging egumbi lokulawula, kanye nama-alamu abonakalayo ngezinye izikhathi. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba izehlakalo ezinomsindo noma eziphazamisayo zivame ukudinga ukuqinisekiswa, hhayi nje isaziso sendlela eyodwa.

Isibonelo, isitshalo samakhemikhali singasebenzisa i-audio paging ukuze siphume, i-handset yendawo eyingozi ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphathi, kanye ne-interface yegumbi lokulawula ukuze kubhalwe phansi imicimbi. Kulowo msebenzi, isikhulumi siyingqimba yokuxwayisa ngokushesha. Ucingo noma i-intercom yingqimba yokuqinisekisa. Zombili zifinyeza isikhathi sokuphendula futhi zinciphise ukudideka ngesikhathi sokuvala noma isigameko.

Izinhlelo zokuxhumana zokuphepha ezinhle kakhulu zakhiwe ngokuphathelene nokuziphatha kwabantu ngaphansi kokucindezeleka.Abantu abafundi izincwadi zemiyalelo uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, ngakho-ke indlela yomyalezo kumele ibe lula, ikhulume ngokwanele, futhi kube lula ukuyiqinisekisa. Yingakho abathengi bezimboni beqhubeka nokuhlola imishini yokuxhumana ngokwezimo: umlilo, ukuvuza kwegesi, isehlakalo sothuli, ukucima kukagesi, noma ukuphazamiseka kokulawula ukufinyelela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Isetshenziswa ngani isikhulumi se-ATEX?

Isipikha se-ATEX sisetshenziselwa ukusakaza ama-alamu, ama-paging, kanye nemiyalezo yokukhipha abantu ezindaweni lapho kungase kube khona izimo eziqhumayo. Imfuneko eyinhloko ukuthi idivayisi kumele iqinisekiswe ngendawo kanye nezimo zokusebenza zesayithi.

Ingabe isikhulumi sendawo esiyingozi sifana nesisikhulumi esingaqhumi?

Akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Empeleni, la magama avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana ngabathengi, kodwa incazelo eqondile incike ohlelweni lokuqinisekisa, umqondo wokuvikela, kanye nomongo wokufaka. Njalo qinisekisa isitifiketi kanye nokumaka.

Kufanele sibe nomsindo ongakanani isipikha esingavumeli ukuqhuma?

Kufanele ibe nomsindo owanele ukuze ihlale izwakala ngaphezu komsindo wangemuva endaweni yokulalela. Ezitshalweni eziningi, lokho kusho ukuhlela umkhawulo onengqondo ngaphezu komsindo ozungezile kunokuthenga imodeli enamandla aphezulu.

Yiziphi izindinganiso okufanele ngizihlole ngaphambi kokuthenga?

Okungenani, hlola isitifiketi se-ATEX noma se-IECEx esifanele, amadokhumenti ochungechunge lwe-IEC 60079 asebenzayo, kanye nesilinganiso se-IP ngaphansi kwe-IEC 60529. Ngemishini ye-EU, i-Directive 2014/34/EU nayo ibalulekile.

Ingabe isikhulumi esisodwa singamboza yonke indawo eyingozi?

Ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa hhayi ngokwethembeka ezitshalweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukumbozwa kuncike ezingeni lomsindo, ukwakheka, izithiyo, kanye nokuphakama kokukhweza. Amayunithi amaningi avame ukukhiqiza ukuqonda okungcono kanye nezindawo ezimbalwa ezifile.

Yiziphi izinto ezilungele izindawo zezimboni ezinzima?

Insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium alloy, kanye nama-polymer aklanywe ngobunjiniyela kuyizinketho ezivamile, ngayinye inezinzuzo ezahlukene ekumelaneni nokugqwala, isisindo, kanye nokusebenza kokushisa. Ukukhetha okulungile kuncike esimweni sendawo kanye nohlelo lokulungisa.

Yiliphi iphutha elivame kakhulu kumaphrojekthi omsindo wendawo enobungozi?

Iphutha elivame kakhulu ukuphatha umsindo njengokuphela kwendlela yokulinganisa ukusebenza. Eqinisweni, ububanzi besitifiketi, ukuzwakala, ukufakwa, kanye nokufinyelela kokulungiswa kubaluleke njengokukhipha umsindo.