Izipikha Ezingaqhumi: Izici Eziyinhloko kanye Nezicelo Zezimboni

Kungani Izikhulumi Ezingaqhumi Zibalulekile Ezindaweni Eziyingozi

Izakhiwo zezimboni ezisebenza ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo zidinga ukuqinaInkulumo Yomphakathi kanye Nesixwayiso Esijwayelekile(PA/GA) ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nokuqhubeka kokusebenza. Ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona amagesi avuthayo, umusi, noma uthuli oluvuthayo, imishini ejwayelekile kagesi ibeka ingozi enkulu yokushisa.Izipikha ezingaqhumizenzelwe ngqo ukuqeda lolu songo ngenkathi ziletha izexwayiso zomsindo ezibalulekile kanye nokuxhumana ngezwi kuzo zonke izinyathelo zezimboni ezinkulu nezinomsindo omkhulu.

Ukufakwa kwala madivayisi akhethekile e-acoustic akuyona nje indlela engcono kakhulu; kuyisibopho esiqinile sokulawula esilawulwa yizinhlaka zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke. Ukuqonda izimiso zobunjiniyela, izidingo zesitifiketi, kanye nezilinganiso zokusebenza kwe-acoustic zezikhulumi ezingaqhumi kubalulekile konjiniyela bakagesi, abaphathi bezikhungo, kanye nochwepheshe bokuthenga abanomsebenzi wokuvikela izindawo eziyingozi.

Indlela Yokuhlela Isidingo Sezikhulumi Ezingaqhumi

Ukuze kuhlotshaniswe isidingo semishini yomsindo engaqhumi, umuntu kufanele ahlole unxantathu womlilo: uphethiloli, umoya-mpilo, kanye nomthombo wokushisa. Endaweni yezimboni eyingozi, uphethiloli (njenge-methane, i-hydrogen, noma uthuli lwezinhlamvu) kanye nomoya-mpilo kuvame ukuba khona emoyeni ozungezile. Okuwukuphela kwento eguquguqukayo engalawuleka umthombo wokushisa. Izikhulumi ezijwayelekile zisebenzisa ama-voice coil, ama-transformer, kanye nezintambo ezingakhiqiza izinhlansi zikagesi noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu adlula umkhawulo wokushisa okuzenzakalelayo wezinto eziguquguqukayo ezizungezile. Isibonelo, amandla amancane okushisa (i-MIE) engxube ye-hydrogen-air aphansi kakhulu, alinganiswa cishe ku-0.017 mJ. Isipikha esijwayelekile sezentengiselwano singakhiqiza kalula ukukhishwa kwamandla okudlula kakhulu lo mkhawulo ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile noma isimo sephutha.

Izipikha ezingaqhumi zenzelwe ukususa isipikha njengomthombo osebenzayo wokushisa. Lokhu kufezwa hhayi ngokuvimbela umoya oguquguqukayo ukuthi ungangeni kudivayisi, kodwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukushisa kwangaphakathi kuyavinjelwa futhi kuyacinywa ngaphambi kokuba kusakazeke endaweni yangaphandle. Lolu shintsho oluyisisekelo kwifilosofi yobunjiniyela lulawula ukukhetha okuqinile kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukubekezelelana kwesakhiwo, kanye namasu okuphatha ukushisa asetshenziswa kula madivayisi.

Izingozi Eziyinhloko Zokusebenza Ekuxhumaneni Kwezindawo Eziyingozi

Ukuxhumana ezindaweni eziyingozi kugcwele izinselele zokusebenza ezihlukile ezidlulela ngale kwengozi yokuqhuma ngokushesha. Izindawo zezimboni ezifana nezindawo zokuhluza, amapulatifomu okumba asogwini lolwandle, kanye nezindawo zokucubungula amakhemikhali zibonakala ngamazinga omsindo aphakeme kakhulu. Umsindo wangemuva ovela kuma-compressor, ama-turbine, kanye nemishini esindayo uvame ukusebenza ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-85 dB(A) no-110 dB(A). Ezimweni ezinjalo, ingozi eyinhloko yokusebenza iwukuvala imaski ye-acoustic, lapho ama-alamu okuphuma okubalulekile noma imiyalelo yezwi eliphuthumayo ingezwakali khona.

Ukunciphisa le ngozi kudinga izikhulumi ezingaqhumi ezikwazi ukukhiqiza amazinga aphezulu okucindezela umsindo (SPL) ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni isitifiketi sazo sendawo eyingozi. Imfuneko yokusebenza ejwayelekile inquma ukuthi amathoni e-alamu kumele adlule umsindo wangemuva okungenani ongu-10 kuya ku-15 dB(A) ukuqinisekisa ukuqashelwa. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo enomsindo wangaphakathi ongu-95 dB(A) idinga ukuphuma kwe-acoustic okungenani okungu-105 dB(A) kuya ku-110 dB(A) endaweni yomlaleli. Ukwehluleka ukufeza lokhu okuhlukile kuphumela "ezindaweni ezifile" noma ezithunzini ze-acoustic, okubeka engcupheni kakhulu izinqubo zokuphepha zesayithi lonke kanye nokwandisa izikhathi zokuphendula ngesikhathi sezigameko ezibucayi.

Yini Echaza Isikhulumi Esingenakuqhuma

Igama elithi “ukungaqhumi” livame ukungaqondwa kahle ezimweni zezimboni. Alisho ukuthi isikhulumi asinakubhujiswa noma singakwazi ukusinda ekuqhumeni kwangaphandle okuyinhlekelele. Kunalokho, lisho ukuthi indawo ebiyelwe yedivayisi yenzelwe ukuvimba ukuqhuma kwangaphakathi kwengxube ethile yegesi noma umusi evuthayo, okuvimbela ukusha komoya oyingozi ozungezile.

Leli khono lokulawula lincike kubunjiniyela bemishini obunembile, isayensi yezinto eziqinile, kanye nezingxenye ezikhethekile ze-acoustic ezihlukanisa izikhulumi ezingaqhumi kwezinye izindlela zezentengiselwano ezisebenza kanzima noma ezingamelani nesimo sezulu.

Umklamo Wendawo Ebiyelwe, Izindlela Zomlilo, kanye Nokuvala

Indlela eyinhloko yesipikha esingaqhumi (Ex d) ukwakheka kwaso kwendawo evalekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zomlilo. Lapho igesi eguquguqukayo ingena endlini yesipikha futhi ivuthelwa yiphutha likagesi langaphakathi, ukuqhuma okubangelwayo kudala ingcindezi enkulu yangaphakathi. Indawo evalekile kumele ibe namandla anele omshini ukuze imelane nale ngcindezi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Okubaluleke kakhulu, amagesi akhula, ashisayo kakhulu kumele akhishwe ngokuphephile aye endaweni yangaphandle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwehluleka kwesikhala esivalekile okuyinhlekelele.

Lokhu kuvula komoya kwenzeka ngezindlela zamalangabi ezifakwe ngomshini—izikhala phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlangana zesikhala. Lezi zindlela zakhiwe ngobude obuthile kanye nezindawo ezilawulwa kakhulu, ngokuvamile ezifakwe ngomshini ukuze zivumelane nezimo eziqinile kune-0.15 mm. Njengoba igesi evuthayo iphoqeleka kulezi ziteshi ezincane, ze-labyrinthine, ilahlekelwa amandla okushisa ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi igesi iphuma esibayeni, izinga lokushisa layo selihle ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elizenzakalelayo lomkhathi wangaphandle, okuqeda ngempumelelo ilangabi futhi kuvimbele ukusabalala kwangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-meshe ensimbi akhethekile asetshenziswa njalo phezu kwe-acoustic horn noma ukuvulwa komshayeli ukuvumela amaza omsindo ukuthi adlule ngenkathi esebenza njengesisindo sokushisa ukupholisa amagesi abalekayo.

Izindlela Zokuqhathanisa Isikhulumi Esingenakuqhuma

Uma kuhlolwa izipikha ezingaqhumi, ukukhetha izinto ezivalekile kuyindlela yokuqhathanisa eyinhloko, ethinta ngqo ukuqina, isisindo, kanye nokufaneleka ezindaweni ezithile. Izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa embonini yi-Copper-Free Aluminium, i-Glass-Reinforced Polyester (GRP), kanye ne-Stainless Steel 316L.

I-Aluminium inikeza ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okuhle kakhulu kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo ngentengo ephansi, okwenza kube yindawo yonke ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa ogwini. I-GRP inikeza enye indlela elula, engagqwali kakhulu, efaneleke kakhulu ezindaweni zamakhemikhali ezinzima lapho izinsimbi zingase zonakale khona. I-Stainless Steel 316L imele izinga eliphezulu, ihlinzeka ngokumelana okungenakuqhathaniswa ne-salty spray kanye nezinto ezigqwalisayo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuqondile kwezimboni zasolwandle zasogwini kanye nezimboni ezisindayo.

Amandla Okukhipha, i-SPL, i-Impedance, kanye ne-Frequency Response

Ngaphandle kokulawula okwenziwa ngomshini, ukusebenza kwe-acoustic kwesipikha esingaqhumi kumele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso zezimboni eziqinile. Amandla okukhipha ala madivayisi ngokuvamile asukela ku-15W kuya ku-30W, aqhutshwa abashayeli abakhethekile bokucindezela. Naphezu kwalokhu kunamandla okubonakala kuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zomsindo zezentengiselwano, imiklamo ye-horn esebenza kahle kakhulu ivumela lezi zipikha ukuthi zikhiqize amazinga okucindezela komsindo ahlukile (i-SPL), ngokuvamile afinyelela ku-110 dB kuya ku-125 dB kumitha eli-1.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-impedance kubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ze-PA/GA. Izikhulumi eziningi ezingaqhumi zineziguquli ezihlanganisiwe ze-multi-tap, ezizivumela ukuthi zisebenze emigqeni yomsindo esabalale engu-100V noma engu-70V. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kunciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali ngokuhamba kwekhebula elide okuvamile ezindaweni ezinkulu zezimboni. Impendulo yemvamisa ilungiselelwe ngamabomu ukuqondakala kwenkulumo yomuntu kanye nokungena kwethoni ye-alamu, ngokuvamile kusukela ku-300 Hz kuya ku-8 kHz. Le bhendi yemvamisa ekhawulelwe ngamabomu ikhipha amaza aphansi adla amandla amaningi ngaphandle kokufaka isandla ekucaciseni izwi ezindaweni ezinomsindo ophezulu.

Izitifiketi kanye namazinga okufanele uwahlole

Ukucacisa isipikha esingaqhumi kudinga ukuzulazula endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yezitifiketi zomhlaba wonke kanye nezindinganiso zokuphepha zendawo. Idivayisi ebhekwa njengephephile endaweni eyodwa ingase ivinjelwe ngokuphelele kwenye uma ingenayo izimpawu zesifunda ezifanele.

Ukuthobela imithetho akuxoxiswana ngakho; ukufaka imishini engaqinisekisiwe noma engakalwanga kahle endaweni eyingozi kwephula imithetho yokuphepha emsebenzini, kuqeda izinqubomgomo zomshuwalense, futhi kwethula ingozi enkulu kubasebenzi kanye nengqalasizinda.

Izilinganiso Zeqembu Lekilasi, Isigaba, Indawo, Iqembu Legesi, kanye Nothuli

Izindawo eziyingozi zihlukaniswa kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko: uhlelo lweKlasi/Ukwahlukaniswa (olusetshenziswa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika ngaphansi kwe-NEC/CEC) kanye nohlelo lweZone (olusetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ze-IEC). Uhlelo lweKlasi/Ukwahlukaniswa luhlukanisa izingozi ngohlobo (iKlasi I lamagesi, iKlasi II lamathuli) kanye namathuba okuba khona (iKlasi 1 lemisebenzi evamile, iKlasi 2 lemibandela engavamile). Ngokuphambene nalokho, uhlelo lweZone luhlukanisa izingozi zegesi zibe yiZone 0 (ukuba khona okuqhubekayo), iZone 1 (ukuba khona ngezikhathi ezithile), kanye neZone 2 (ukuba khona okungavamile), kanye neZone 2 (ukuba khona okungavamile), kanye neZone 2 ezihambisanayo 20, 21, kanye no-22 zothuli oluvuthayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulumi kumele zilinganiswe ngamaqembu athile egesi kanye namaQembu Othuli. Iqembu legesi i-IIC limelela amagesi aguquguqukayo kakhulu, njenge-hydrogen kanye ne-acetylene, adinga imiklamo eqinile kakhulu yokuvala. Iqembu le-Dust Group IIIC lihlanganisa uthuli oluqhubayo olufana nophuphu lwensimbi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga lokushisa (i-T-Rating) kubaluleke ngokulinganayo; isikhulumi esinesilinganiso se-T4 siqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa laso eliphezulu langaphandle ngeke lidlule ku-135°C ngaphansi kwezimo eziphezulu zamaphutha, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke livuthe amagesi anezinga lokushisa lokukhanyisa okuzenzakalelayo elingaphezu kwalowo mkhawulo.

Umehluko Wesitifiketi se-ATEX, i-IECEx, kanye ne-UL

Inhlangano yesitifiketi evuma idivayisi inquma ukuthi ingasebenza yini ngokusemthethweni ezimakethe ezithile zomhlaba.I-ATEX(Atmosphères Explosibles) iwumyalelo oyimpoqo wemishini ehloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwe-European Union. I-IECEx uhlelo lokuqinisekisa lwamazwe ngamazwe olwenzelwe ukwenza kube lula ukuhweba komhlaba wonke, olwamukelwa kabanzi ezifundeni ezifana ne-Australia, iMpumalanga Ephakathi, kanye ne-Asia. ENyakatho Melika, imishini kumele ibe namamaki avela kumaLaboratories Okuhlola Aqashelwa Kuzwelonke (ama-NRTL) njenge-UL, FM, noma i-CSA.

Imibhalo, Ukulebula, kanye Nemidwebo Yokufaka

Amaqembu okuthenga kanye nobunjiniyela kumele aqinisekise amadokhumenti aphelele ngaphambi kokwamukela isikhulumi esingaqhumi. Isimemezelo Sokuhambisana (i-DoC) esisemthethweni kanye nesitifiketi esisemthethweni esivela kuMzimba Onolwazi (njenge-Sira, i-Baseefa, noma i-PTB) kumele sihambisane nomkhiqizo. Ipuleti legama lesikhulumi elibonakalayo kumele libonise unomphela izimpawu ze-Ex, imikhawulo yokushisa kwe-ambient (isb., Ta = -40°C kuya ku-+60°C), izilinganiso zikagesi, kanye nekhodi ye-IP.

Imidwebo nezincwadi zokufaka ezinikezwe umenzi ziyimibhalo ebophayo ngokomthetho ngaphansi kwemithethonqubo ye-Ex. Le mibhalo ichaza imingcele ebalulekile yokufaka, njengohlobo oludingekayo lwezindlala zekhebula eziqinisekiswe yi-Ex (isb., izindlala ze-Ex d barrier zamavolumu athile angaphakathi) kanye nemininingwane eqondile ye-torque yama-enclosure bolts. Ukuphambuka kulezi zinqubo zokufaka ezichazwe umenzi kwenza kube nzima ngokushesha isitifiketi sokuvikela ukuqhuma kwenhlangano yonke.

Indlela Yokucacisa Isikhulumi Esingenakho Ukuqhuma

Ukuhumusha imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ibe ukusetshenziswa kwe-PA/GA okusebenzayo kudinga indlela ehlelekile yokuklama uhlelo. Ukukhetha isipikha esifanele esingaqhumi kuncike kakhulu kumongo, kuncike ngokuphelele enkambisweni ethile yezimboni, indawo engokoqobo, kanye ne-topology ye-acoustic yesayithi.

Onjiniyela kumele balinganisele izidingo zokumbozwa kwe-acoustic nezimo zemvelo ezinzima, baqinisekise ukuthi imishini iyasinda isikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhungo ngenkathi igcina izitifiketi zayo zokuphepha ezibalulekile.

Izicelo Zezimboni Ezidinga Izipikha Ezingaqhumi

Isidingo sezipikha ezingaqhumi sihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimboni ezinkulu. Ezansi naphezuluuwoyela negesiimikhakha—kusukela ezindizeni zokumba zasogwini kuya ezindaweni zokuhluza i-petrochemical zasogwini—usongo oluqhubekayo lokuvuza kwe-hydrocarbon ludinga ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana esezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokufanayo, izitshalo zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali ezisebenzelana nezinyibilikisi ezishintshashintshayo zidinga ukumbozwa okukhulu kwe-Zone 1 kanye ne-Zone 2.

Kodwa-ke, izindawo eziyingozi azigcini nje ngamagesi kanye nomhwamuko. Izimboni zezolimo nezokucubungula ukudla zibhekene nezingozi ezinkulu ezivela othulini oluvuthayo. Ama-elevator okusanhlamvu, imishini yokugaya ufulawa, kanye nezindawo zokucubungula ushukela zisebenza ezindaweni lapho izinhlayiya ezilengayo zingadala khona umoya oqhuma kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuhlushwa okuncane kokuqhuma (i-MEC) kothuli lokusanhlamvu ngokuvamile kuphakathi kwamagremu angu-40 kuya kwangu-50 ngemitha eyi-cubic. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, izikhulumi kumele zithwale izitifiketi ezithile zeDust Group (isb., IIIB noma IIIC) kanye neZone 21/22, ezinezivalo ezivimbela ukungena kwezinhlayiya ezincane ezingavutha ezingxenyeni zikagesi zangaphakathi.

Izici Zemvelo: Ukugqwala, Ukuhlanza, kanye Nokushisa

Izilinganiso ezingaqhumi zibhekana nezingozi zokusha, kodwa izilinganiso zokungena kwemvelo zinquma ubude bokusebenza kwesipikha. Izindawo zezimboni ezibhekene nemvula enamandla, ukugezwa kwamanzi okucindezela okuphezulu, noma ukuqina kwezinhlayiya ezisindayo zidinga izipikha ezinezilinganiso eziqinile zokuvikela ukungena (IP), ngokuvamile i-IP66 noma i-IP67. ENyakatho Melika, isilinganiso esilinganayo se-NEMA 4X sivame ukucaciswa, okubonisa futhi izinga eliphezulu lokumelana nokugqwala.

Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lilawula ukukhethwa kwezinto kanye nezingxenye. Izakhiwo ezise-Arctic Circle noma eMpumalanga Ephakathi zidinga izikhulumi eziqinisekisiwe zamazinga okushisa aseduze anwetshiwe, ngokuvamile asukela ku--50°C kuya ku-+70°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezinosawoti omningi, njengezindawo zokugcina i-LNG zasogwini noma amapulatifomu asogwini, zibeka imishini engcupheni yokugqwala okusheshayo. Kulezi zimo, ukucacisa izindonga zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-316L kanye nama-bracket okufaka asezingeni lolwandle kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo okungalimaza ubuqotho bezindlela zomlilo.

Inqubo Yokukhetha Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Ukukhetha isipikha esilungele ukuqhuma kulandela inqubekela phambili eqinile yobunjiniyela. Okokuqala, thola ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo eyingozi ngqo (Isigaba/Ukwahlukaniswa noma Indawo, Iqembu Legesi/Uthuli, kanye ne-T-Rating) okudingekayo endaweni ethile yokufaka. Lokhu kuhlunga ngokushesha ihadiwe engahambisani nomthetho. Okwesibili, hlaziya izingcindezi zemvelo ukuze kutholakale izinto ezidingekayo zokuvala (i-Aluminium, i-GRP, noma i-Stainless Steel) kanye nesilinganiso se-IP.

Okwesithathu, yenza izibalo ze-acoustic. Linganisa noma ubonise izinga lomsindo wendawo. Sebenzisa umthetho ojwayelekile wokudinga ukuthi ithoni ye-alamu ibe ngu-10 kuya ku-15 dB(A) ngaphezu kwephansi lomsindo wendawo. Usebenzisa umthetho wesikwele ophambene wokunciphisa umsindo (ochaza ukwehla okungu-6 dB ku-SPL kuyo yonke ibanga eliphindwe kabili), bala amandla esipikha adingekayo, i-engeli yokusabalala, kanye nobuningi bokubekwa ukuze ufinyelele i-SPL eqondiwe kuyo yonke indawo ebekelwe ukumbozwa. Okokugcina, qinisekisa ukuhambisana kukagesi, uqinisekise ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwesipikha noma ukuthepha kwe-transformer kuhambisana nokwakheka kwe-amplifier ye-PA/GA ephakathi nendawo.

Indlela Yokuqhathanisa Abahlinzeki Nokwenza Isinqumo Sokuthenga

Ukuthengwa kwezipikha ezingaqhumi kumelela izindleko ezinkulu zemali kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wezimboni. Uhlobo olukhethekile lwala madivayisi, kuhlanganiswe nezinqubo zokuhlola eziqinile kanye neziqinisekiso adlula kuzo, kuphumela esakhiweni samanani esihluke kakhulu emishinini yomsindo yezentengiselwano ejwayelekile.

Ukwenza isinqumo sokuthenga esinolwazi kudinga ukudlulela ngale kwentengo yokuqala yokuthenga iyunithi nokuhlola izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi, izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizi, kanye nengqalasizinda yokusekela yesikhathi eside etholakalayo impilo yonke yesakhiwo.

Izindleko Eziphelele Okufanele Zihlolwe

Lapho behlola izindleko eziphelele, abathengi kumele baqaphele intengo ephezulu ehambisana nemishini yendawo eyingozi. Ngenkathi isipikha sezimboni esinzima singabiza u-$200 kuya ku-$400, isipikha se-Ex d esiqinisekisiwe ngokuvamile sisukela ku-$800 kuya ku-$2,500 ngeyunithi ngayinye, kuye ngokuthi impahla ingakanani kanye nezinga lesitifiketi. Izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali ezingu-316L ziphezulu kulolu hlobo lwentengo ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nobunzima bokukhanda izindlela zomlilo ezibekezelela ngokuqinile zibe yi-alloys eqinile.

Kodwa-ke, intengo yeyunithi iyinxenye eyodwa kuphela yezindleko eziphelele. Izindleko zokufaka ezindaweni eziyingozi ziphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sabasebenzi abakhethekile, izinhlelo zemibhobho ezingaqhumi, izindlala ezivimbelayo, kanye namabhokisi okuxhuma aqinisekisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-OPEX (Izindleko Zokusebenza) kumele ifakwe kulesi sibalo. Isipikha se-aluminium esishibhile esifakwe endaweni ebolile kakhulu yasolwandle singadinga ukushintshwa zingakapheli iminyaka emithathu, kanti iyunithi yensimbi engagqwali noma i-GRP ephezulu inganikeza impilo yokusebenza yeminyaka eyi-15, ekugcineni ilethe Izindleko Zobunikazi Eziphelele (TCO) eziphansi kakhulu.

Ikhwalithi Yomkhiqizi, Ukulandelela, kanye Nokusekelwa

Ubuqotho besipikha esingaqhumi buncike ngokuphelele ezinqubweni zokulawula ikhwalithi zomenzi. Abathengi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi umhlinzeki usebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi oluqinile oluklanyelwe ngqo imishini ye-Ex, njenge-ISO/IEC 80079-34. Leli zinga liqinisekisa ukuthi umenzi ugcina ukulandeleka okuqinile kwezinto futhi unamathela ekubekezelelweni okunembile komshini okudingeka yizinhlangano zesitifiketi.

Abakhiqizi abadumile benza ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi okuvamile okungu-100% ezindaweni ezivalekile ukuze bathole ukubhoboka okuncane noma amaphutha esakhiwo ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa. Ukulandelela kubalulekile; umenzi kufanele akwazi ukunikeza izitifiketi zezinto kanye namarekhodi ebhetshi yeyunithi ngayinye ethunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi kumele bahlole ukuthembeka kweketanga lokuphakelwa kanye nezikhathi zokuhola. Imishini ekhethekile engaqhumi ayivami ukugcinwa ngobuningi besitoko esikhulu. Ukucushwa okujwayelekile kungadinga amasonto ama-4 kuya kwayi-6 ukuze kuthunyelwe, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezipendwe ngokwezifiso noma ezithephiwe ezithile zingandisa izikhathi zokuhola zibe amasonto ayi-10 noma ayi-12, okumele zifakwe ezinhlelweni zephrojekthi.

Uhlaka Lwesinqumo Sokugcina

Uhlaka lwesinqumo sokugcina sokukhetha umhlinzeki wesipikha esingaqhumi kufanele luhlole ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwe-acoustic, kanye nokusekelwa kwabathengisi. Beka phambili abakhiqizi abanikeza izinsizakalo eziphelele zokumodela i-acoustic, njengamafayela edatha e-EASE, okuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi balingise ukusakazwa komsindo futhi baqinisekise ukumbozwa ngaphambi kokufakwa.

Hlola indawo yomthengisi emhlabeni wonke kanye namakhono okusekela esikhathi eside. Njengoba izikhungo zezimboni zivame ukusebenza amashumi eminyaka, ikhono lokuthola abashayeli abazongena esikhundleni, izingxenye ezisele eziqinisekisiwe, noma ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe bendawo eminyakeni eyi-10 ngemuva kokufakwa kuyinto ebalulekile ehlukanisayo. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha isipikha esifanele esingaqhumi kuwumsebenzi wokunciphisa ubungozi. Ngokuqhathanisa ngokuqinile izitifiketi, izinto zokwakha, idatha ye-acoustic, kanye nozalo lomkhiqizi, abaqhubi bezimboni bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zabo zokuxhumana zokuphepha ezibalulekile zisebenza kahle lapho zidingeka kakhulu.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Khetha izipikha ezingaqhumi ngokwesigaba sendawo esiyingozi, okuhlanganisa indawo, iqembu legesi noma uthuli, kanye nesigaba sokushisa.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuphuma kwe-alamu kudlula umsindo wangemuva okungenani ngo-10 kuya ku-15 dB(A) ukuze kugcinwe ukuzwakala ezindaweni zezimboni ezinomsindo omkhulu.
• Sebenzisa imishini yomsindo eqinisekisiwe engaqhumi ezindaweni lapho amagesi, umusi, noma uthuli oluvuthayo kungadala ingozi yokushisa.
• Hlela indawo yesipikha ngokucophelela ukuze ususe izithunzi ze-acoustic futhi uqinisekise ukuthi imiyalezo ephuthumayo ifinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo ezinabantu.
• Hlanganisa izikhulumi ezingaqhumi nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ze-PA/GA, i-paging, i-intercom, i-VoIP, kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze uthole impendulo ehlelekile kuyo yonke indawo.
• Beka phambili imikhiqizo yokuxhumana yezimboni eqinile, eqinisekisiwe yezindawo zangaphandle, ezigqwalisayo, ezinothuli, noma eziyingozi lapho ukuthembeka kuthinta khona ukuphepha kwabasebenzi.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yini eyenza isikhulumi esingaqhumi sihluke kunesikhulumi esijwayelekile sezimboni?

Isipikha esingaqhumi sakhiwe ukuze siqukethe izinhlansi zangaphakathi, ama-arcs, noma izehlakalo zokusha ukuze zingakwazi ukusha amagesi azungezile, umusi, noma uthuli. Siphinde sisebenzise izindawo ezivikelwe, amazinga okushisa alawulwayo, nezinto eziqinile ezifanele izindawo zezimboni eziyingozi.

Zisetshenziswa kuphi izipikha ezingaqhumi kakhulu?

Zisetshenziswa ezindaweni zikawoyela negesi, ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali, ezimayini, ezisekelweni zasogwini lolwandle, ezindaweni zokuhluza, ezindaweni zokucubungula okusanhlamvu, ezindaweni zasolwandle, nakwezinye izindawo eziyingozi lapho kungase kube khona amagesi avuthayo noma uthuli oluvuthayo.

Kungani izinga lokucindezela komsindo eliphezulu libalulekile ezindaweni eziyingozi?

Umsindo wangemuva wezimboni ungafinyelela ku-85 kuya ku-110 dB(A). Amathoni e-alamu ngokuvamile kufanele adlule umsindo ozungezile ngo-10 kuya ku-15 dB(A), ngakho-ke izikhulumi ezingaqhumi kumele zikhiphe okwanele ukuze zigweme izindawo ezifile ze-acoustic ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo.

Yiziphi izitifiketi okufanele abathengi bazibheke?

Abathengi kufanele bahlole izitifiketi zendawo eyingozi njenge-ATEX, kanye nezimpawu ezifanele zekhwalithi kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho njenge-CE, i-FCC, i-ROHS, kanye ne-ISO9001 lapho kufanele khona. Izitifiketi kumele zifane nendawo yesayithi, iqembu legesi noma uthuli, kanye nesigaba sokushisa.

Ingabe izikhulumi ezingaqhumi zingafakwa ezinhlelweni ze-PA/GA noma ze-VoIP?

Yebo. Izipikha ezingaqhumi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-Public Address kanye ne-General Alarm futhi zingahlanganiswa ne-paging, dispatch, IP PBX/VoIP, amafoni aphuthumayo, kanye nezinhlelo ze-intercom zokuxhumana okuhlelekile endaweni yonke.