Izici Zocingo Eziqinisekisa Ukuqhuma Okungafanele Uzishaye indiva

Isingeniso

Ezindaweni zezimboni eziyingozi, ucingo luyingxenye yesistimu yokuphepha, hhayi nje ithuluzi lokuxhumana. Ucingo olufanele olungaqhumi kumele lwenze okungaphezu kokusinda othulini, umswakama, kanye nokugqwala; kumele luvimbele izingozi zokusha ngenkathi luhlala luthembekile ngesikhathi sama-alamu, ukuvala, kanye nokusebenza okuvamile. Lesi sihloko siqokomisa izici ezibaluleke kakhulu, kusukela ekuqineni kwesikhala kanye nomklamo omelana nenhlansi kuya ekuqineni, ukucaca komsindo, kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zendawo eyingozi. Ngokuqonda lezi zinto ezibalulekile, abafundi bangahlola imishini ngokuzethemba kakhudlwana futhi bakhethe uhlelo olusekela kokubili izidingo zomthetho kanye nokuxhumana okusheshayo, okuthembekile lapho izimo zibucayi kakhulu.

Kungani Kubalulekile Ukukhetha Ucingo Olubonisa Ubufakazi Bokuqhuma

Izikhungo zezimboni ezisebenza ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo azikwazi ukuthembela engqalasizinda yokuxhumana ejwayelekile.ucingo olungangeni ukuqhumakuyisidingo esiqinile sobunjiniyela bezitshalo zamakhemikhali, amapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle, kanye nezindawo zokuhluza lapho kukhona khona amagesi avuthayo, umusi, noma uthuli oluvuthayo.

Ukukhetha idivayisi yokuxhumana efanele kudlula ukulawula ukuvimba; kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kanye nezikhathi zokuphendula eziphuthumayo. Lapho izimo zomkhathi eziguquguqukayo zidinga imishini ekhethekile, ukuqonda izindlela zokuvikela eziyinhloko zala madivayisi kuba yinto ebalulekile.

Indlela izingcingo ezingaqhumi ngayo zinciphisa ukwehluleka kokuxhumana

Njengoba zenziwe nge-circuitry yangaphakathi eqinile kanye nezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe, lawa madivayisi avimbela ukugoba kukagesi ekuvutheni imimoya eguquguqukayo ezungezile. Amamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu afaka i-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) edlula amahora angu-50,000, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngisho nasezindaweni ezigqwala kakhulu.

Ukuhlanganisa amabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe ahlanganiswe nge-conformal-coated (ama-PCB) kuvikela emswakama kanye nezinhlayiya ezingcolisayo emoyeni. Ngokuhlukanisa ukunikezwa kwamandla nokusebenzisa izinkinobho ezingangenisi inhlansi, lawa mafoni anciphisa kakhulu amazinga okuhluleka uma kuqhathaniswa nefoni yezinga lokuhweba, agcina umugqa ovulekile wokuxhumana ngisho nalapho ukuzisebenzela kwemishini kwehluleka.

Yiziphi izingozi ezandayo lapho ukuxhumana kwezindawo eziyingozi kunganele

Ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuphephile noma okungenamlilo, iphrofayili yengozi yesikhungo sezimboni ikhula ngokushesha. Ukungakwazi ukusakaza izexwayiso eziphuthumayo noma ukuxhumanisa ukuvalwa okusheshayo ngesandla kungaguqula izehlakalo ezincane zendawo zibe izehlakalo eziyingozi, ezikhungweni zonke.

Ukulibaziseka kwemizuzwana engama-60 nje ekumiseni inqubo ebalulekile—ngokuvamile ngenxa yokushaya ucingo noma i-handset engasebenzi—kungasunduza imithambo yokucindezela idlule imingcele yayo yokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi angahambisani nomthetho aletha ama-vector okushisa angamukeleki. Ukufaka ama-elekthronikhi ajwayelekile endaweni ye-Zone 1 kunethuba eliphezulu lezibalo lokubangela ukuqhuma, okungafaka engozini izimangalo zesikweletu eziyizigidi zamaRandi, umonakalo omkhulu wesakhiwo, kanye nokulimala kwabantu okubi kakhulu.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zokubeka Izinto Eziza Kuqala

Ukucacisa ifoni engaqhumi kudinga ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kokubili ukuqina komshini kanye namakhono kagesi. Onjiniyela bokuthenga kumele badlulele ngale kokusebenza okuyisisekelo ukuze bahlole ihadiwe ekwazi ukumelana nesijeziso esikhulu sezimboni ngenkathi begcina ukudluliswa kwesignali okucacile.

Izilinganiso zendawo eyingozi, ukuvikelwa kokungena, kanye nokuqina kokuvala

Izindawo ezivalekile kumele zisinde emiphumeleni emibi yemishini, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, kanye nesimo sezulu esibi. Imininingwane ejwayelekile idinga okungenani ukuvikelwa kokungena kwe-IP66 noma i-IP67, okuqinisekisa ukuzivikela okuphelele othulini oluncane kanyeamajethi amanzi anomfutho ophezulungesikhathi sokuhlanzwa kwesakhiwo.

Izinto ezivalekile zisho ukuthi zingasinda isikhathi eside. I-Glass-Reinforced Polyester (GRP) kanye ne-aluminium engenathusi kuyizindinganiso zemboni. Zivame ukudingeka ukuze zihlangabezane nezilinganiso zokumelana nomthelela we-IK10, okusho ukuthi indawo evalekile ingamelana nama-joules angu-20 wamandla omthelela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uphawu lwayo lwangaphakathi.

Okubalulekile komsindo, ukusayina, kanye nokuphathwa kwezingcingo

Ezindaweni lapho umsindo wemishini ozungezile uvame ukudlula u-85 dB, umsindo ojwayelekile wefoni awusebenzi nhlobo. Izingcingo ezingaqhumi kumele zibe namamakrofoni asebenzayo asusa umsindo akwazi ukuhlunga umsindo wangemuva ongu-30 kuya ku-40 dB, ahlanganiswe nama-receiver athola inzuzo ephezulu.

Izici zokubonisa ezihlanganisiwe nazo zibaluleke kakhulu. Imisindo yesibili engu-110 dB kanye nama-beacon e-LED akhanya ngamandla aphezulu aqinisekisa ukuthi izingcingo ezingenayo ziyaqashelwa ngokubonakalayo nangokuzwakalayo, ngisho noma abasebenzi begqoka isivikelo sokuzwa esinzima.

Ukunikezwa kwamandla, isikhombikubona senethiwekhi, kanye nezinketho zokungasebenzi kahle

Ukuxhumana kwezimboni zesimanje kuthanda ukwakheka kwe-Voice kune-IP (VoIP), kusebenzisa izinqubo ze-SIP zokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo ezikhonaIzinhlelo ze-PBXLawa madivayisi ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-Power over Ethernet (PoE) ngezindinganiso ze-IEEE 802.3af/at, edonsa ngaphansi kuka-15W ngeyunithi ngayinye ukuze kube lula kakhulu izidingo zokuxhuma izintambo.

Ezindaweni ezibalulekile emsebenzini, onjiniyela kufanele babeke phambili amamodeli anamachweba amabili e-LAN ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha inethiwekhi. Ama-capacitor wamandla asekelayo noma ama-backup ebhethri ahlanganisiwe nawo ayizinketho ezibalulekile, njengoba egcina amandla okubonisana nokushaya ucingo ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka okuncane kwesikhashana noma ukwehluleka kwamandla okuqala.

Izidingo Zokuthobela Imithetho Nezitifiketi

Ukuzulazula endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi yezitifiketi zendawo eyingozi akunakuxoxiswana ngakho ngenxa yokuthobela imithetho nokuphepha. Ucingo olungaqhumi luthembeke kuphela njengokuhlolwa okuqinile okuvela eceleni oludlula kukho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvunyelwa komthetho.

Izitifiketi kanye nezimpawu okufanele uziqinisekise ngaphambi kokuthenga

Ukuhlola ipuleti legama ledivayisi kudinga ukushelela emiqondweni yokuvikela efana ne-Ex d (izivalo ezingangeni umlilo), i-Ex e (ukuphepha okwandisiwe), noma i-Ex i (ukuphepha kwangaphakathi). Amaqembu okuthenga kumele aqinisekise ukuthi indlela ethile yokuvikela ihambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi zesikhungo.

Isilinganiso esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa yi-Temperature Class (T-Class), esichaza izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lobuso idivayisi ezolifinyelela ngaphansi kwezimo zamaphutha. Isibonelo, isilinganiso se-T6 siqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso bangaphandle ngeke budlule ku-85°C. Lo mkhawulo wenza kube okuphephile ezindaweni eziqukethe amagesi aguquguqukayo kakhulu anamazinga okushisa aphansi okuthungela, njenge-carbon disulfide. Ukuqinisekisa lezi zimpawu kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana neqembu elithile legesi elikhona endaweni (isb., IIA, IIB, noma IIC).

Umehluko phakathi kwe-ATEX, i-IECEx, kanye nokuvunyelwa kwesifunda

Imisebenzi yomhlaba wonke kumele ivumelanise izinhlaka zomthetho ezihambisanayo kodwa ezihlukile.Isiqondiso se-ATEX(2014/34/EU) iyimfuneko esemthethweni yokufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-European Union, ihlukanisa izindawo zibe yiZindawo ngokusekelwe ekuvameni kanye nobude bezindawo eziqhumayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-IECEx inikeza uhlaka lokuzithandela oluqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, olulula ukuthobela imithetho ngaphesheya kwemingcele. Izikhungo zaseNyakatho Melika zisebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-NEC/CEC, zisebenzisa isakhiwo seKlasi neSahluko kunesistimu yeZone, edinga ukumaka umkhiqizo okuhluke ngokuphelele kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola.

Ukuqhathanisa Abaphakeli Nokuthembeka Komkhiqizo

Ngale kweshidi lokuchaza, ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwenethiwekhi yocingo engaqhumi kuncike kakhulu ekuvuthweni kokusebenza komkhiqizi. Ukuhlola ukuthembeka komhlinzeki kuvimbela izimpahla ezilahlekile futhi kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokuxhumana phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwesakhiwo.

Izindlela zokuqhathanisa izingcingo ezingaqhumi

Lapho behlola ihadiwe, amaqembu okuthenga kufanele afune idatha yokulawula ikhwalithi evela kubathengisi abazoba khona. Abahlinzeki be-Tier-one bavame ukubonisa amazinga okukhubazeka kwehadiwe angaphansi kuka-0.5% futhi basebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho eqinile.Izinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi ze-ISO 9001:2015.

Imigomo yewaranti isebenza njengommeleli osheshayo wokuqiniseka komkhiqizo. Iwaranti eyisisekelo yezinyanga ezingama-24 kuya kwezingama-36 iyindinganiso yemishini yezokuxhumana eqinile; noma yini engaphansi kwalokho ingabonisa ukuthi izingxenye zangaphakathi azikho ezingeni elifanele noma ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza okubi okungenakwenzeka ukuthi kuqhubeke.ukuthunyelwa kwezimboni.

Ukusekelwa komhlinzeki, izingxenye ezisele, kanye nokwenza ngezifiso

Ukutholakala kwezingxenye zokufaka esikhundleni se-modular kubalulekile ekunciphiseni isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Izinto ezibalulekile zokuguga, njengezintambo ze-handset ezivikelwe ezikwazi ukumelana namandla okudonsa angu-200 kg noma amaswishi e-magnetic reed hook angashintshwa ensimini, kumele zitholakale kalula ngqo kumhlinzeki.

Abahlinzeki kufanele futhi banikeze ukwesekwa okuphelele kobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa ukucushwa kwe-firmware okwenziwe ngokwezifiso komzila we-SIP oyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-PBX. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqalisweni kwephrojekthi. Amayunithi ajwayelekile kufanele abe nesikhathi sokuhola samaviki ama-2 kuya kwayi-4, kanti ukucushwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu—njengalezo ezidinga ama-transceivers e-fiber-optic ahlanganisiwe noma amaswishi okudlulisa enziwe ngokwezifiso—kungadinga amasonto ayi-8 kuya kwayi-12.

Ukuqedela Isinqumo Sokuthenga

Isigaba sokugcina sokuthengwa sidinga ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwengqalasizinda yezitshalo, izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila, kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi ucingo olukhethiwe olungaqhumi luhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zobunjiniyela kanye nokwabiwa kwezimali.

Ukuhlolwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kwamaqembu obunjiniyela kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla

Inqubo yokuthenga kumele iqale ngokuhlolwa okuqinile kwendawo. Onjiniyela kumele balinganise amazinga aphezulu omsindo ozungezile; uma ukufundwa kudlula njalo ama-85 dB, ama-acoustic hoods noma ama-booth okukhansela umsindo kumele afakwe ohlelweni lokufaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuyaqondakala.

Okulandelayo, umnyango we-IT kumele uhlole i-topology yenethiwekhi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nama-codec e-SIP/VoIP akhethiwe (njenge-G.711 noma i-G.722) futhi uqinisekise umthamo we-switch port owanele kanye nesabelomali samandla se-PoE. Okokugcina, isibuyekezo sokwakheka ngokomzimba sinquma imininingwane edingekayo ye-cable gland—ngokuvamile i-M20 noma i-NPT threads—yokuhlanganiswa kwe-conduit okuphephile, okungenawo umoya.

Izindlela zokugcina zesinqumo sezidingo zesitshalo kanye nesabelomali

Ukulinganisela Izindleko Zemali Enkulu (i-CAPEX) Nezindleko Zokusebenza (i-OPEX) yisona silinganiso esiphezulu sesinqumo. Izindleko zeyunithi yocingo olungaqhumi ngokuvamile zisukela ku-$800 ngemodeli eyisisekelo ye-analog kuya ku-$2,500 ngeyunithi ye-VoIP ethuthukisiwe ehlonyiswe ngama-visual beacons ahlanganisiwe kanye nama-relay okulawula okwesibili.

Kodwa-ke, abenzi bezinqumo kumele futhi babale izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (i-TCO). Ukutshala imali eyengeziwe engu-15 kuya ku-20% kusengaphambili ukuze uthole imodeli ye-GRP eqinile kakhulu, enesilinganiso se-IP67 enokuphindaphinda kwenethiwekhi okubili kuvame ukukhiqiza i-TCO ephansi kakhulu esikhathini sokuphila seminyaka eyi-10. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo kunciphisa kakhulu ukungenelela kokulungisa, kunciphisa ukuqoqwa kwezingxenye ezisele, futhi kuqede isikhathi sokusebenza esibizayo esibangelwa ukucima kokuxhumana.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu socingo oluvikela ukuqhuma
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yisiphi isitifiketi sendawo enobungozi okufanele ifoni engaqhumi ibe naso?

Qondanisa ukumaka kwefoni nokuhlukaniswa kwesayithi lakho, njenge-ATEX Ex d noma i-Ex e yezindawo ze-Zone 1/2. Njalo qinisekisa i-nameplate kanye nesitifiketi esiqondile ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Yiziphi izici zokuvala ezibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima?

Beka phambili ukuvalwa kwe-IP66 noma i-IP67, ukumelana nokushayisana kwe-IK10, kanye nezinto ezingagqwali njenge-GRP, i-aluminium engenathusi, noma insimbi engagqwali engu-316L ezindaweni ezisogwini noma zamakhemikhali.

Ucingo olungaqhumi lungahlala kanjani lusebenza ezitshalweni ezinomsindo kakhulu?

Khetha amamodeli anama-microphone akhansela umsindo, ama-high-gain receiver, kanye nama-ringer angu-110 dB angakhethwa anama-LED beacon ukuze izingcingo ziqashelwe futhi ziqondwe ngaphezu komsindo womshini.

Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe i-analog noma i-VoIP yocingo oluvikela ukuqhuma?

I-VoIP ivame ukuba ngcono kakhulu ezitshalweni zesimanje ngoba amafoni e-SIP ahlangana nezinhlelo ze-IP PBX futhi angasebenzisa i-PoE ukuze kube lula ukuxhuma izintambo. Sebenzisa i-analog lapho ingqalasizinda yakudala kumele igcinwe khona.

Kungani uthenga ocingweni olungenakuqhuma eSiniwo?

I-Siniwo inikeza izinsizakalo zokuxhumana zezimboni ezisebenza kanye, ukukhiqizwa kwangaphakathi kwezingxenye eziningi eziyinhloko, kanye nemikhiqizo ehambisana nezitifiketi ezifana ne-ATEX, CE, FCC, ROHS, kanye ne-ISO9001.