Umhlahlandlela Wokuqhathanisa Ucingo Oluvikela Ukuqhuma Uma Uqhathaniswa Nocingo Oluvikela Isimo Sezulu

Isingeniso

Ukukhetha phakathi kocingo olungaqhumi kanye nocingo olungangenisi manzi kuqala ngokuqonda umehluko phakathi kokuvikelwa kwendawo enobungozi kanye nokumelana okuyisisekelo kwemvelo. Nakuba zombili zakhelwe izindawo ezidinga kakhulu, zixazulula izinkinga ezahlukene: enye yenzelwe ukuvimbela ukusha ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo, kanti enye ihloselwe ukuqhubeka nokusebenza emvuleni, othulini, nasezindaweni zokushisa eziphakeme. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwazo, izitifiketi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kuhluka kanjani, ukuze ukwazi ukufanisa ifoni nezingozi zangempela endaweni. Ekugcineni, uzokwazi ukuqhathanisa izidingo zokuphepha, izidingo zokuthobela imithetho, kanye nezimo zokuthunyelwa ngokuzethemba okukhulu kakhulu.

Kungani ukukhetha ifoni engaqhumi uma kuqhathaniswa nefoni engangenisi mlilo uma kuqhathaniswa nefoni engangenisi manzi kubalulekile

Ukucacisa imishini yokuxhumana yezimboni kudinga ukuqonda okunembile kwezinto ezibangela ukucindezeleka kwemvelo kanye namaphrofayili engozi yesikhungo. Lapho kuhlolwa ukuxhumana okunzima, umehluko phakathi kocingo olungaqhumi kanye neyunithi ejwayelekile engamelani nesimo sezulu akuyona nje indaba yokuqina—kuwukwehluka okuyisisekelo kwefilosofi yobunjiniyela.

Idatha yemboni ikhombisa ukuthi ukwehluleka kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana okubalulekile okufika ku-40% ezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima kuvela ekusetshenzisweni kwehadiwe enezilinganiso ezinganele zemvelo noma zezindawo eziyingozi. Ukukhetha indlu efanele kanye nohlobo lwesitifiketi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwesikhathi esiqhubekayo nokugcina ukuhambisana okuqinile kokuphepha kwendawo.

Indawo enobungozi, isikhathi sokusebenza, kanye nezibopho zokuphepha

Izinhlaka zomthetho ziphoqelela ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokuphepha ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona izinto eziguquguqukayo. Abaqhubi bezikhungo babhekene nezibopho zomthetho nezezimali ezinzima ngaphansi kwezinhlaka ezifana ne-OSHA,I-ATEX, kanye ne-IECEx.

Umgomo oyinhloko wocingo olungaqhumi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ngokwayo ayikwazi ukusebenza njengomthombo wokushisa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ifoni engagugi esimweni sezulu yenzelwe kuphela ukugcina isikhathi sayo sokusebenza ngokumelene nokungena kwesimo sezulu kanye nomzimba. Ukwehluleka ukucacisa isilinganiso esifanele kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu wesikhungo, ukuphepha kokuphila okusengozini, kanye nezinhlawulo zomthetho ezivame ukwedlula u-$100,000 ngokwephulwa ngakunye.

Izimo zokusebenza eziqhuba isinqumo

Umongo wokusebenza unquma izidingo eziyisisekelo zokucaciswa kwedivayisi. Izimboni ezisindayo ezingeyona ingozi, njengezikhumulo zezentengiselwano, imigudu yesitimela, kanye nezinhlelo zezimo eziphuthumayo zomgwaqo omkhulu, zidinga ukumelana okuqinile nomswakama, uthuli, kanye nokucekelwa phansi. Kulezi zimo, ifoni engangenisi isimo sezulu inikeza ukuqina okudingekayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngezansi komfulauwoyela negesiIzindawo zokuhluza, izindawo zokucubungula amakhemikhali kaphethiloli, kanye nezindawo zokuphatha okusanhlamvu zinezimo ezigcwele amagesi avuthayo, umhwamuko, noma uthuli oluvuthayo. Lezi zimo zidinga imishini eyenzelwe ukuvimba izinhlansi zangaphakathi noma izehlakalo zokushisa, okwenza ucingo olungaqhumi lube yimfuneko engaxoxiswana ngayo yokuthobela umthetho kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamafoni angaqhumi kanye namafoni angangenisi manzi

Nakuba zombili izigaba zamadivayisi zinezindawo zangaphandle eziqinile, imibala ebonakala kakhulu, kanye nama-handset asebenza kanzima, ukwakheka kwawo kwangaphakathi kanye nezindlela zokuqinisekisa kuhluke ngokuphelele. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukahluka kwemishini kanye nogesi kubalulekile kumaqembu obunjiniyela anikezwe umsebenzi wokuthenga.

Indlela amafoni angaqhumi ngayo aqukethe ingozi yokusha

Ucingo olungaqhumi luthembele kumasu okulawula aqinile, ngokuvamile lusebenzisa izimiso zokuklama ze-Flameproof (Ex d) noma ze-Intrinsically Safe (Ex i). Ekwakhiweni okungashisi umlilo, indawo ebiyelwe yakhiwe ngezinto ezisindayo—ngokuvamile ezingama-5mm kuya ku-8mm ubukhulu be-die-cast aluminium alloy noma i-polyester ekhethekile eqiniswe ngengilazi (GRP)—eyenzelwe ukumelana nengcindezi yokuqhuma kwangaphakathi.

Amajoyinti e-labyrinth akhiwe ngomshini kanye nokubekezelelana okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yimaphi amagesi aphumayo apholiswa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokusha kwesimo sezulu esizungezile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukuphepha kwangaphakathi kuvimbela amandla kagesi ngaphakathi kwesekethe ukuya emazingeni angaphansi kwamandla amancane okusha (MIE) egesi eyingozi, ngokuvamile kugcina amandla enhlansi engaphansi kwama-millijoule angu-0.2 kuphela.

Indlela amafoni amelana ngayo namanzi, uthuli kanye nokushayisana

Amafoni avikela isimo sezulu abeka phambili ukuvikelwa kokungena kwezinto ezingokwemvelo kunokuvimbela ukusha. Lawa madivayisi asebenzisa ama-gasket e-silicone aqinile, amabhodi esifunda aphrintiwe ahlanganisiwe (ama-PCB), kanye nokufakwa kwekhebula elivaliwe ukuvimbela amanzi kanye nokungena kwezinhlayiya.

Amayunithi asezingeni eliphezulu amelana nesimo sezulu ngokuvamile afinyelela isilinganiso sokuvikelwa kokungena esingu-IP66 noma i-IP67, okusho ukuthi awangeni uthuli ngokuphelele futhi angamelana namajethi amanzi anamandla noma ukucwiliswa okwesikhashana. Amazinga awo okushisa okusebenza alungiselelwe izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, asebenza ngokuthembekile kusukela ku--40°C kuya ku-+70°C, futhi izindawo zawo zokuvala zivame ukwakhiwa ukuze zimelane nemithelela emibi yemishini, ngokuvamile zifinyelela izilinganiso ze-IK09 noma i-IK10.

Amazinga, izilinganiso, kanye nezimpawu okufanele ziqhathaniswe

Ukuqhathanisa lokhu okubili kudinga ukuqonda okucacile kwezindinganiso zezimboni zomhlaba wonke kanye nezimpawu zemishini. Amadivayisi angaqhumi aphethe amagama ayinkimbinkimbi achaza imingcele yawo yokusebenza ephephile, kanti amadivayisi angagugi esimweni sezulu athembele kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa ze-IP kanye ne-IK.

Indlela yokuqhathanisa amafoni angaqhumi kanye namafoni angangenisi manzi

Ukukhetha okufaneleidivayisi yokuxhumana yezimboniidinga i-matrix yokuhlola ephelele edlula intengo yokuqala yokuthenga. Ngenxa yokuthi ifoni engaqhumi ngokuvamile ine-multiplier yezindleko eziphindwe kathathu kuya kwezi-5 uma kuqhathaniswa neyunithi ejwayelekile engagugi esimweni sezulu, onjiniyela kumele bahlole ngokucophelela imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokugcinwa komjikelezo wokuphila.

Izindlela zokukhetha ubuchwepheshe eziyinhloko

Izindlela zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko kumele zivumelane nezidingo ze-acoustic kanye nezendawo yokusetshenziswa. Zombili izinhlobo zamafoni zidinga amakhono omsindo aphezulu ukuze zinqobe umsindo wezimboni ozungezile; ama-ringers ngokuvamile kumele akhiqize amazinga okucindezela umsindo adlula u-85 dB(A) ebangeni elingamamitha elilodwa.

Isikhathi Esimaphakathi Phakathi Kokwehluleka (i-MTBF) singenye indlela ebalulekile, enamamodeli ezimboni aphezulu okulindeleke ukuthi alethe amahora angaphezu kuka-50,000 okuthembeka okuqhubekayo. Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha izindlu—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi insimbi engagqwali yezinga lolwandle (i-SUS316L) yezindawo ezingcolisa kakhulu ogwini lolwandle noma i-GRP engathinteki—kumele kucaciswe ngokusekelwe ekuchayweni ngamakhemikhali kanye nezingozi zokuwohloka kwe-UV.

Isitifiketi, ukulungiswa, kanye nezingxenye ezisele

Umjikelezo wokuphila kwesitifiketi nokugcinwa kwesitoreji uveza umehluko omkhulu wokusebenza phakathi kwalezi zinketho ezimbili. Ucingo olungaqhumi ludinga ukunamathela ngokuqinile kumapharamitha alo okuqinisekisa kuyo yonke impilo yalo yokusebenza.

Noma yiziphi izingxenye ezithathelwa indawo, kusukela ezintanjeni zefoni kuya kuma-relay angaphakathi, kumele kube yizingxenye eziqinisekisiwe ezinikezwa umenzi wokuqala ukuze kugcinwe isilinganiso se-ATEX noma se-IECEx. Ukuguqulwa okungagunyaziwe kwenza isitifiketi sokuphepha singasebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amafoni amelana nesimo sezulu anikeza izinqubo zokulungisa eziguquguqukayo, okuvumela amaqembu okulungisa ukuthi enze ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kwezinga lezingxenye ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuthobela imithetho.

Ukufakwa, ukufakwa kwezintambo, ukufakwa kwesisekelo, kanye nokuhlolwa

Ubunzima bokufakwa buthinta kakhulu izindleko eziphelele zokufakwa. Ukufakwa okungenakuqhuma kudinga ama-cable glands akhethekile aqinisekiswe yi-Ex-certified (njenge-barrier glands egcwele i-compound) ukuvimbela ukufuduka kwegesi phakathi kwe-cable core.

Izinqubo zokumisa umhlabathi ziqinile kakhulu, ngokuvamile zidinga ukubopha kwe-equipotential ngokumelana komhlaba okuqinisekiswe ku-<1 ohm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini engaqhumi ingaphansi kokuhlolwa okuphoqelekile ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ezifana ne-BS EN 60079-17, okudinga abasebenzi abakhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukubekezelelana kwamalunga kanye nokuqina kokuvala. Amafoni angangenisi isimo sezulu adinga i-nylon noma i-brass glands ejwayelekile enesilinganiso se-IP futhi alandele amakhodi okufaka kagesi ezimbonini ajwayelekile, okunciphisa kakhulu amahora okusebenza kanye nezindleko zokuhlola.

Ungayichaza nini ifoni engaqhumi

Umkhawulo wokucacisa ifoni engaqhumi ngaphezu kwenye indlela engamelani nesimo sezulu unqunywa kuphela ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi okusemthethweni kwendawo yokufaka. Onjiniyela bezikhungo benza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwengozi ukuze badwebe izindawo lapho kukhona khona izinto ezivuthayo, benquma ngqo ukukhethwa kwemishini.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi kanye nezimo zenqubo

Izindawo eziyingozi zihlukaniswa ngeZindawo (uhlelo lwaseYurophu/i-IECEx) noma iDivisions (uhlelo lwaseNyakatho Melika) ngokusekelwe ekuvameni kanye nobude besikhathi semimoya eqhumayo. Izingcingo ezisetshenziswa kulezi zindawo kumele zihambisane ngqo nesigaba esibekiwe.

Amaphutha avamile okucacisa okufanele uwagweme

Amaqembu okuthenga kanye nobunjiniyela avame ukubhekana namaphutha okucacisa abeka engcupheni ukuphepha noma akhuphule isabelomali. Iphutha elivamile ukucacisa ngokweqile—ukufaka ucingo olungaqhumi endaweni ephephile engahlelwanga ngenxa nje yokuqina okubonakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuchithe izindleko zemali futhi kube nzima ukulungiswa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungacacisi kahle ngokubeka ifoni ejwayelekile engangenisi isimo sezulu endaweni ye-Zone 2 ngoba isikhala sithathwa “njengesinomoya omuhle” kuletha ingozi enkulu enkulu. Okunye ukunganaki okuvamile ukunganaki i-Gas Group kanye ne-Temperature Class ethile. Isibonelo, indawo equkethe i-hydrogen idinga isilinganiso esiqinile se-Group IIC, futhi imishini kumele ibe nesigaba sokushisa esifanele (njenge-T6, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphezulu aphezulu awadluli ku-85°C) ukuvimbela ukusha ngokuzenzakalelayo kwamakhemikhali athile azungezile.

Indlela amaqembu okuthenga angenza ngayo ukukhetha okufanele

Kumaqembu okuthenga, ukuvala igebe phakathi kwemiyalelo eqinile yobunjiniyela kanye namaqiniso ebhizinisi kudinga indlela ehlelekile. Ukukhetha ucingo lwezimboni olufanele kuhilela ukulinganisela ukuhambisana nokuphepha, amakhono okuhlanganisa, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwemishini.

Inqubo yokuhlola isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Inqubo yokuhlola eqinile iqala ngokuhlolwa okusemthethweni kwemidwebo yokuhlukaniswa kwendawo yesayithi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ucingo olungaqhumi luyadingeka ngokusemthethweni. Okulandelayo, amaqembu kumele achaze inqubo yokuxhumana—anqume phakathi kokuxhumeka kwe-analog ejwayelekile, i-SIP/VoIP, noma i-optical fiber ekhethekile ngokusekelwe kulokho okukhona.Ingqalasizinda ye-PBX.

Izinto ezibangela ukucindezeleka kwemvelo ngale kwezingozi zokuqhuma, njengokugqwala okukhulu kwe-saline noma umsindo ozungezile odlula i-100 dB, kumele zibhalwe phansi. Okokugcina, ukuthengwa kufanele kubalwe Izindleko Zobunikazi Eziphelele (i-TCO) esikhathini sokuphila esijwayelekile seminyaka eyi-10, kubhekwe izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu, umsebenzi wokufaka okhethekile, kanye nezindleko zokuhlola ezigunyaziwe zemishini elinganisiwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile zokumelana nesimo sezulu.

Imigomo yokugcina yesinqumo somthengisi

Uma bethuthela esigabeni sokukhetha abathengisi, abaphathi bokuthenga kumele bahlole izinkomba eziningana zezentengiselwano nezobuchwepheshe. Imibiko yokuhlolwa kwenkampani yangaphandle kanye nezitifiketi ezivela ezinhlanganweni eziqashelwayo eziqashelwayo (njenge-TUV, i-PTB, noma i-SGS) kuyimpoqo kunoma yimiphi imishini evikela ukuqhuma; ukuziqinisekisa akwamukeleki.

I-Supply chain logistics nayo idlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba imishini ekhethekile ye-Ex ivame ukuba nezikhathi zokuhola zamasonto ayi-6 kuya kwayi-12, uma kuqhathaniswa namasonto ama-2 kuya kwayi-4 ajwayelekile amayunithi amelana nesimo sezulu. Amaqembu kufanele futhi axoxisane nge-Minimum Order Quantities (MOQs) ngezingxenye ezisele futhi afune imigomo yewaranti ephelele, ebeka phambili abathengisi abanikeza ukumbozwa kwezinyanga ezingama-24 kuya kwangama-36 kanye nokutholakala kwesikhathi eside okuqinisekisiwe kwezingxenye ezifakiwe eziqinisekisiwe.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu socingo oluvikela ukuqhuma
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kufanele ngikhethe nini ifoni engaqhumi esikhundleni sefoni engangenisi simo sezulu?

Sebenzisa ucingo olungaqhumi ezindaweni eziyingozi ezinegesi evuthayo, umhwamuko, noma uthuli, njengamafutha, igesi, amakhemikhali, noma izindawo zokusanhlamvu. Khetha amafoni angangenisi simo sezulu ukuze asetshenziswe emvuleni, othulini, kanye nasekusetshenzisweni kabi kwangaphandle kuphela.

Ingabe amafoni amelana nesimo sezulu aphephile ezindaweni eziyingozi?

Cha. Ucingo olumelana nesimo sezulu lumelana namanzi, uthuli, kanye nokushayisana, kodwa aluklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukusha. Ezindaweni eziyingozi ezihlukaniswe ngezigaba, sebenzisa amamodeli aqinisekisiwe e-ATEX noma i-IECEx amelana nokuqhuma.

Yiziphi izitifiketi okufanele ngizihlole ngaphambi kokuthenga ucingo oluvikela ukuqhuma?

Qinisekisa isitifiketi esiqondile sendawo enobungozi, njenge-ATEX noma i-IECEx, kanye neqembu legesi noma uthuli, isigaba sokushisa, kanye nokumakwa kwendawo. Qinisekisa futhi i-CE, i-FCC, noma i-ROHS uma iphrojekthi yakho iyazidinga.

Ingabe iSiniwo inikeza amafoni ezimboni angaqhumi futhi angangenisi isimo sezulu?

Yebo. I-Siniwo inikeza izingcingo, ama-intercom, kanye nemikhiqizo yokuxhumana ephuthumayo engaqhumi futhi engangenisi isimo sezulu ezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima, ngokusekelwa kokuklama, ukuhlanganiswa, ukufakwa, kanye nokugcinwa.

Ngingayikhetha kanjani ifoni efanele izimo zesayithi lami?

Qala ngokuhlola ingozi yesayithi lakho: ukuhlukaniswa okuyingozi, ukusetshenziswa ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle, izidingo ze-IP/IK, ububanzi bokushisa, kanye nohlobo lwenethiwekhi njenge-analog, i-SIP, noma i-VoIP. Bese ufanisa imodeli nalezo zidingo.