Izinhlelo zesipikha ezingaqhumi ziletha kanjani izexwayiso zebanga elide?

• Ukusebenza kwebanga elide kuncike ekucindezelweni komsindo, ukuqondiswa, ukuphakama kokukhweza, kanye nendawo yomsindo, hhayi amandla esipikha kuphela.
• Izinhlelo ze-alamu zendawo eyingozi kumele zihambisane nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo, ukuvikelwa kokungena, kanye nezidingo zesitifiketi sendawo.
• Amaphrojekthi ekheli lomphakathi lezimboni kufanele aklanywe ngokuqondene nokuqondwa, ukuklanywa kwemephu yokumbozwa, kanye nokufinyelela ekulungisweni kunentengo ephansi kakhulu yamayunithi.
• Izexwayiso zebanga elide ezithembekile ngokuvamile zidinga indlela yezinga lesistimu: isipikha, i-amplifier, isilawuli, ikhebula, kanye nesipele samandla.

Umklamo wesistimu yesipikha esingaqhumi umayelana nokunikeza isexwayiso esiqondakalayo lapho kudingeka khona, ikakhulukazi lapho umsindo ozungezile, indawo evulekile, kanye nezimo eziyingozi kwenza ukushaya kwekhasi okuvamile kungasebenzi. Isibonelo, i-OSHA ithi ama-alamu aphuthumayo kumele ahluke futhi azwakale kalula, kuyilaphoI-NFPA 72kudinga ukuzwakala nokuzwakala ukuze kuxazululwe ekwakhiweni kwe-alamu yomlilo kanye nokuxhumana okuphuthumayo. Emsebenzini wangempela wekheli lomphakathi wezimboni, lokho kuvame ukusho ukuklama i-margin yezinga lokucindezela komsindo ngaphezu komsindo wangemuva, bese kuqinisekiswa ukumbozwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Uma uqhathanisa imindeni yemikhiqizo efana ne-ucingo olungangeni ukuqhuma, ucingo oluvikela isimo sezulu, futhiucingo lwezimboni, isihluthulelo ukuphatha isikhulumi njengengxenye yokwakhiwa okubanzi kokuxhumana kokuphepha, hhayi njengebhokisi elizimele.

Indlela isistimu yesipikha esivikela ukuqhuma edala ngayo izexwayiso zebanga elide

Uhlelo lwesipikha olungaqhumi ludala izexwayiso zebanga elide ngokuguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla alawulwayo e-acoustic ahlala eqondakala ngemva kokulahlekelwa yibanga kanye nokuncishiswa kwemvelo.

Isimiso sokuqala ukukhushulwa kwe-acoustic, hhayi umsindo ongavuthiwe. Izinga lokucindezela komsindo lehla cishe ngo-6 dB isikhathi ngasinye lapho ibanga liphindeka kabili ezimweni zensimu ekhululekile, ngakho-ke isikhulumi esamukelekayo kumamitha ayi-10 singase singaneli kumamitha angu-40 ngaphandle kokuthi sikhethwe futhi sibekwe kahle. Yingakho ukwakheka kwe-alamu yendawo eyingozi kuvame ukuqala ngemephu yokumboza, umsindo olindelekile we-ambient, kanye nokuzwakala kwenhloso, bese kusebenza emuva ekuphumeni kwesipika okudingekayo. Emagcekeni angaphandle, ezindaweni zokuhlanza, ezindaweni zokulayisha imithwalo, kanye nemigwaqo yezimayini, isexwayiso kumele sincintisane nezinjini, amaphampu, umoya, kanye nezindawo ezikhanyayo.

Isimiso sesibili ukuqondisa. Idizayini efakwe uphondo noma indawo ebiyelwe eqondisa umsindo igxilisa amandla e-acoustic endaweni yokulalela, yandisa ububanzi obuwusizo ngaphandle kokuphoqa i-amplifier ukuthi ichithe amandla ngezindlela ezingafanele. Isimiso sesithathu i-headroom yesistimu. Uma ithoni yesexwayiso noma umlayezo wezwi useduze kakhulu nomkhawulo we-amplifier, ukuhlanekezela kuyakhuphuka futhi ukuzwakala kuyehla. Ezinhlelweni zekheli lomphakathi zezimboni, isignali ehlanzekile ene-reserve eyanele ivame ukusebenza kangcono kunesikhulumi esikhulu kodwa esingalungiswanga kahle.

Isimiso sesine ukusinda. Ezindaweni eziyingozi, indawo ebiyelwe kumele imelane nothuli, umswakama, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, ukudlidliza, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ukuze uthole isitifiketi, i-IEC 60079-0 ihlanganisa izidingo ezijwayelekile zemishini yezindawo eziqhumayo, kanye nemibono yokuvikela indawo ethile ichazwa ngaphakathi kochungechunge lwe-IEC 60079. Ukuze kusebenze indawo ebiyelwe, imiklamo eminingi yezimboni ibhekisela nezilinganiso ze-IP ngaphansiI-IEC 60529Uhlelo lungaletha kuphela izexwayiso zebanga elide njalo uma indawo ebiyelwe kanye nokunamathisela kusinda ezimweni zesayithi isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba kuhlale kulinganisiwe futhi kulungiselelwa.

Kungani ukuzwakala kwe-alamu yendawo eyingozi kubaluleke kakhulu kunevolumu eluhlaza

Ukuqondisisa kubaluleke kakhulu kunomthamo ongakaphekwa ngoba abasebenzi kumele baqonde isixwayiso, hhayi nje ukuqaphela ukuthi idivayisi inomsindo.

Ekubukeni okuphuthumayo, umlayezo omkhulu kodwa ongacacile ungalibazisa ukuphuma, udale ukudideka, futhi ubangele impendulo engalungile. Leyo ngozi iphezulu kakhulu ezitshalweni ezinemiyalezo eminingi: ukuphuma, indawo yokukhosela, ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo, ukuvuza kwegesi, kanye nezixwayiso zokulungisa. I-OSHA 29 CFR 1910.165 idinga ukuthi ama-alamu aphuthumayo ahluke futhi abonakale, futhi izinhlelo zezwi ezisetshenziswayo eziningi zezimboni kumele zigcine ukucaca kwenkulumo ngaphansi komsindo ophezulu ozungezile. Yilapho uhlelo lwesikhulumi oluqiniswe kahle olungaqhumi luba yigugu khona: luklanyelwe ukusekela isignali esebenzisekayo, hhayi nje etholakala kalula.

Ukuziphatha komsindo ensimini nakho kuyashintsha ngaphandle. Umoya ungathwala noma uphazamise umsindo, ukubonakaliswa okuvela ezakhiweni zensimbi kungadala ukuhlunga ikamu, futhi imishini ingafihla imvamisa ebalulekile enkulumweni. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuqondakala kuncike emvamisa, izinhlelo eziningi zikhetha impendulo ecacile ye-mid-band yemiyalezo yezwi kanye nokukhishwa kwethoni okuqinile, okuvumelanayo kwezimpawu zokuphuma. Endaweni enobungozi lapho kufakwa khona i-alamu, umgomo uvame ukufeza i-margin esebenzayo ngaphezu komsindo ozungezile ngenkathi kugwenywa ukuphindaphindeka ngokweqile noma ukuphambuka.

Kumaqembu obunjiniyela, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukulinganisa insimu. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ochwepheshe bavame ukuqinisekisa ukumbozwa ezindaweni eziningi, balinganise umsindo ozungezile, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi inkulumo ihlala iqondakala phakathi nezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Yingakho amaphrojekthi okukhuluma esidlangalaleni ezimbonini kufanele acacise izindlela zokwamukelwa ezilinganiswayo kusukela ekuqaleni, kunokuphatha isikhulumi njengesithasiselo sempahla.

Yiziphi izindinganiso ezibumba ukukhethwa kwesistimu yesipikha esingaqhumi?

Ukukhetha ukuma kwezindinganiso ngoba kuchaza indlela ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma, ubuqotho bendawo ebiyelwe, kanye nokusebenza kwe-alamu okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngayo.

Okungenani, ukukhethwa kwemishini yendawo eyingozi kufanele kubhekele ukuhlukaniswa komkhathi, umqondo wokuvikela, kanye nendawo yokufaka. I-IEC 60079-0 iyindinganiso eyisisekelo yemishini ezindaweni eziqhumayo, kanti uchungechunge olubanzi lwe-IEC 60079 luhlanganisa izindlela zokuvikela ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyingozi. Ukuze kuvikelwe uthuli namanzi avalelekile,I-IEC 60529ihlinzeka ngohlaka lwekhodi ye-IP, njenge-IP66 noma i-IP67, oluvame ukusebenza ekufakweni kwamakheli omphakathi ezimbonini zangaphandle. Ngokuzwakala kwe-alamu ephuthumayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwesistimu ehlobene,I-NFPA 72isalokhu iyinkomba ebalulekile kumaphrojekthi amaningi. I-OSHA iphinde ihlinzeke ngezidingo zokusayina eziphuthumayo ku-29 CFR 1910.165 kanye nokuhlela isenzo esiphuthumayo ku-29 CFR 1910.38.

Lezi zinkomba azithathi indawo yokubuyekezwa kwekhodi yendawo, kodwa zitshela umthengi ukuthi yini okufanele ayicele: ububanzi besitifiketi, izimo zokufaka, nokuthi uhlelo beluhloselwe yini igesi, uthuli, noma izindawo ezinobungozi obuxubile. Umphumela osebenzayo ulula. Isipikha esibukeka siqinile asanele. Amadokhumenti kumele afane nesigaba sengozi, isilinganiso se-enclosure, kanye nesimo sokusetshenziswa.

Yiziphi izici zobuchwepheshe ezibaluleke kakhulu ekhelini lomphakathi lezimboni elikude?

Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ibaluleke kakhulu uma ihlobene nendawo yokulalela yangempela.

Kwezexwayiso zebanga elide, izinombolo ezine zidinga ukunakwa okuseduze: izinga lokucindezela komsindo, amandla alinganisiwe, impendulo yemvamisa, kanye nesilinganiso sokuvalelwa. I-SPL ephezulu ingandisa ibanga elisebenzayo, kodwa kuphela uma isikhulumi sihlala siqondakala futhi i-amplifier inganikeza amandla ahlanzekile. Amandla alinganisiwe, avame ukuvezwa ngama-watt, kufanele abhekwe njengomthamo kunokusebenza. Impendulo yemvamisa ibalulekile ngoba ukuqonda kwenkulumo kuncike kakhulu ekucaceni kwebhendi ephakathi, hhayi nje ekuphumeni kwemvamisa ephansi. Isilinganiso sokuvalelwa sibalulekile ngoba ukungena komswakama, ukugqwala, kanye nokungcola kothuli kunganciphisa kancane ukusebenza ngisho noma isikhulumi siqala ukusebenza.

I-geometry yokukhweza ibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Isipikha esibekwe phezulu futhi esigobile sibheke endaweni okuqondiswe kuyo sivame ukusebenza kangcono kuneyunithi enomsindo efakwe ekhoneni elibi. Ezitshalweni ezinkulu, amayunithi amaningi amancane anganikeza ukumbozwa okungcono kunedivayisi eyodwa enkulu kakhulu ngoba anciphisa izindawo zezithunzi kanye nokubonakaliswa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zekheli zomphakathi zezimboni lapho ama-racks, amapayipi, izindonga, kanye nemishini ehambayo kudala izimo ze-acoustic ezingalingani.

Indlela yokukhetha isistimu yesipikha esingaqhumi kusayithi lakho

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhetha iwukufanisa isipikha nengozi, izinga lomsindo, kanye ne-geometry yokumboza.

Qala ngokuchaza ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo nokuthi indawo iqukethe igesi, umusi, uthuli, noma ingozi exubile. Bese ulinganisa umsindo ozungezile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile bese ukhomba izikhathi zomsindo ophezulu kakhulu. I-alamu yendawo eyingozi kufanele ilinganiswe nesimo esibi kakhulu esingokoqobo, hhayi ukushintsha okuthule kakhulu. Okulandelayo, nquma ukuthi udinga isexwayiso sethoni kuphela, ikhasi lezwi, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Izwi lingcono ekufundiseni, kuyilapho amathoni angashesha ukuqashelwa kokuphuma ngokushesha.

Ngemuva kwalokho, buyekeza imikhawulo yokufaka. Amanye amasayithi adinga ukufakwa odongeni, amanye adinga ukufakwa kwezigxobo, kanti amanye adinga ukuhlanganiswa nengqalasizinda ekhona ye-PA noma ye-ESD. Uma isayithi selivele lisebenzisa umgogodla wekheli lomphakathi wezimboni, ukuhambisana nabalawuli, ama-amplifier, kanye namandla okusekela kungase kubaluleke kakhulu kunesivalo sesipikha ngokwaso. Okokugcina, bheka ukufinyelela kokulungisa. Uhlelo okunzima ukuluhlola luvame ukungathembeki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngoba izinkinga ezincane zitholakala sekwephuzile kakhulu.

1. Chaza isigaba sengozi kanye nesidingo sesitifiketi kuqala.
2. Kala umsindo ozungezile esimweni sangempela sokusebenza.
3. Khetha ithoni, izwi, noma kokubili ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokuphendula kanye nokucaca.
4. Qinisekisa ukuphakama kokukhweza, ibanga lokuphonsa, kanye nezithiyo.
5. Hlola ukufinyelela kokulungisa, izipele, kanye nomzila wokuxhuma izintambo.

Kubathengi abaqhathanisa izigaba zesistimu, kungasiza ukubuyekeza imikhiqizo yokuxhumana eseduze efana neisikhulumi esingavumeli ukuqhuma, ucingo oluphuthumayo, futhiuhlelo lwe-intercomLawo makhasi asekela umuthi obanzi wezinqumo ngoba amaphrojekthi amaningi adinga kokubili ukuqwashisa kanye nokuxhumana okubili.

Lapho izexwayiso zebanga elide zingaphumeleli khona kumaphrojekthi ekheli lomphakathi lezimboni

Ukwehluleka okuningi kwesexwayiso sebanga elide kuvela ekwakhiweni kwesistimu embi kunehadiwe ebuthakathaka.

Imodi yokuhluleka kokuqala iwukwehlisa umsindo ozungezile. Idivayisi esebenza endaweni yokuhlola ethule inganyamalala egcekeni lokukhiqiza elibukhoma uma ama-compressor, ama-conveyor, namaloli esebenza. Imodi yokuhluleka yesibili iyindawo engafanele. Isipikha esivinjwe yinsimbi yesakhiwo, imikhumbi yenqubo, noma imishini ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amandla ayo aphezulu kangakanani. Imodi yokuhluleka yesithathu iwukusebenzisa ngokweqile i-amplifier, okuhlanekezela izwi futhi kunciphise ukuqashelwa.

Imodi yesine yokwehluleka ukunganaki ukuqhubeka kwamandla. Ekuboniseni okuphuthumayo, isipikha siwusizo kuphela njengomlawuli kanye nochungechunge lwamandla olusinika amandla. Uhlelo oluqinile lwekheli lomphakathi lwezimboni luvame ukufaka isipele sebhethri, amasekethe aqashwe, kanye nokuqapha izinga lendawo ukuze kutholakale iphutha ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke isimo esiphuthumayo. Imodi yesihlanu yokwehluleka iwukuhlela okungalungile kokulungisa. Ukugqwala, izindlala ezikhululekile, izivalo ezonakele, kanye nokungena kwamanzi kunganciphisa kancane kancane ukuphuma nokuthembeka kuze kube yilapho i-alamu elandelayo iveza inkinga.

Lokhu kwehluleka kungavinjelwa uma iphrojekthi ihlanganisa ukuhlola kwe-acoustic, imidwebo yesayithi, ukuhlolwa kokugunyazwa, kanye nokuhlolwa okwenziwa njalo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuxwayisa ngebanga elide kuwumsebenzi womjikelezo wokuphila, hhayi ukuthenga kanye kuphela.

Indlela ukuhlolwa kwensimu okuqinisekisa ngayo ukusebenza kwebanga elide

Ukuhlolwa kwensimu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngoba amasayithi angempela aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kunemidwebo yokuklama.

Uhlelo lokuhlola olusebenzayo luvame ukufaka ukulinganisa umsindo ozungezile, ukuhlolwa kokuzwakala kwephuzu nephuzu, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokuzwakala kwenkulumo. Ochwepheshe kufanele bahlole besuka ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zokulalela okuhlosiwe, bese beqhathanisa imiphumela kuzo zonke izimo zokusebenza zasemini nasebusuku uma indawo ishintsha amaphethini omthwalo. Kumathoni e-alamu, isignali kufanele ihluke ngokucacile kumsindo womshini kanye nemisindo evamile yesitshalo. Kumilayezo yezwi, amagama kumele aqondwe ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda.

Lapho kungenzeka khona, ukuhlola kufanele futhi kuqinisekise ukuphathwa kwamaphutha kanye nokuziphatha kwamandla okusekelayo. I-alamu yendawo eyingozi ezwakala kahle kodwa yehluleka ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi kwezinsiza ayihlangabezani nenhloso yayo yokusebenza. Abathengi abaningi manje bacela amarekhodi okusebenza aqoshiwe ngoba bafuna irejimendi ephindaphindwayo, hhayi nje isiqinisekiso somlomo. Lesi esinye sezizathu esenza amaqembu obunjiniyela abazise abahlinzeki abanganikeza kokubili ulwazi lwezinga lomkhiqizo kanye nokusekelwa kwezinga lephrojekthi.

Kumaphrojekthi amahle kakhulu, ukuhlola kuholela ngqo ekulungiseni kokugcina. Lokho kungafaka phakathi ukushintsha i-engeli yesipikha, ukwandisa inani lezindawo, noma ukuhlukanisa izindawo ezinomsindo ophezulu nezindawo ezivamile. Umgomo awukona umsindo omkhulu. Umgomo izixwayiso ezihambisanayo neziqondakalayo kuyo yonke indawo enobungozi.

Umhlahlandlela wokuthenga: okufanele ubuze ngaphambi kokuthi ucacise i-alamu yendawo eyingozi

Ngaphambi kokuthi ucacise i-alamu yendawo eyingozi, buza imibuzo eveza ukuthi uhlelo lufanele ngempela yini injongo yalo.

• Iyini ngempela imfuneko yokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi kanye nesitifiketi?
• Liyini izinga lomsindo ozungezile ngesikhathi sokusebenza esinomsindo kakhulu?
• Ingabe ithoni yesexwayiso, umlayezo wezwi, noma kokubili kuyadingeka?
• Zingaki izindawo ezidinga ukulawulwa nokuphathwa okuzimele?
• Yisiphi isikhathi samandla esidingekayo ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi?
• Yiliphi isu lokufinyelela ekulungiseni kanye nezingxenye ezisele elizosetshenziswa?

Le mibuzo inciphisa amaphutha okucacisa ngoba iphoqa ithimba lephrojekthi ukuthi lichaze indawo yokusebenza yangempela. Futhi yenza kube lula ukuqhathanisa abathengisi ngamagama alinganiswayo esikhundleni sezimangalo ezingacacile. Kubathengi bephrojekthi, lokho kuvame ukuba umehluko phakathi kohlelo oludlula nje imvume yokuthenga kanye nolusindayo ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa mayelana nezinhlelo zezipikha ezingaqhumi kanye nezaziso zebanga elide

1. Isistimu yesipikha esingavumeli ukuqhuma ingafinyelela kude kangakanani?

Ububanzi obusebenzayo buxhomeke ku-SPL, isiqondiso, umsindo we-ambient, ukuphakama kokukhweza, kanye nezithiyo. Ezimweni zensimu ekhululekile, izinga lomsindo lehla cishe ngo-6 dB isikhathi ngasinye ibanga liphindeka kabili, ngakho ububanzi kumele buklanywe kunokuba kucatshangelwe.

2. Ingabe umsindo ozwakalayo uhlala ungcono kakhulu uma kukhulunywa nge-alamu yendawo eyingozi?

Cha. Umsindo ongenakuqondakala unganciphisa ikhwalithi yokuphendula. Uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lunomsindo ngokwanele ukuba lungadluli umsindo kodwa lucacile ngokwanele ukuba abasebenzi baqonde umyalezo.

3. Ingabe ngidinga i-voice paging noma ama-alamu ethoni nje?

Ukubhala amakhasi ezwi kungcono uma abasebenzi bedinga imiyalelo, kuyilapho amathoni engcono ukuze kuqashelwe ngokushesha. Izinhlelo eziningi zekheli lomphakathi zezimboni zisebenzisa zombili lezi zindlela ukumboza izidingo ezahlukene eziphuthumayo.

4. Yiliphi izinga okufanele ngiqale ngilihlole?

Qala ngezinga lemishini yendawo eyingozi kanye nemithetho ye-alamu yesimo esiphuthumayo sendawo. Kumaphrojekthi amaningi, i-IEC 60079,I-IEC 60529, futhiI-NFPA 72yizinkomba ezibalulekile.

5. Kungani isilinganiso sendawo ebiyelwe sibalulekile uma isipikha sesivele sisebenza ngaphakathi endlini?

Ngoba izindawo zangaphandle neziyingozi zibeka imishini othulini, emanzini, kusawoti, ku-UV, nasekudlidlizeni. Indawo efanelekile yokuvala isiza ukugcina ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kwe-acoustic ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

6. Yini ebangela ukwehluleka kwensimu okuvame kakhulu?

Ukubekwa kabi kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu. Isipikha esilinganiswe kahle sisengahluleka ukumboza isayithi uma livinjiwe, lifakwe ngendlela engafanele, noma lifakwe liphansi kakhulu.

7. Ngingazithuthukisa kanjani izexwayiso zebanga elide ngaphandle kokuthenga imishini ngokweqile?

Qala ngokumapha kwe-acoustic, sebenzisa ukumbozwa kwesiqondiso, hlukanisa indawo ibe yizindawo, bese ugcina i-headroom ye-amplifier. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwakheka okuhlakaniphile kuletha imiphumela engcono kunesipikha esisodwa esikhulu.