Indlela Yokukhetha Ucingo Olungangenisi Isimo Sezulu Lwezindawo Zezimboni

Isingeniso

Ukukhetha ucingo olungangenisi isimo sezulu endaweni yezimboni kusho ukulinganisela ukuqina, ukuphepha, kanye nokuthembeka kokuxhumana ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zangempela. Iyunithi efanele kumele iqhubeke isebenza phakathi nemvula, uthuli, umsindo, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo, ngenkathi ifaka nezinqubo zenethiwekhi nezimpendulo zesayithi. Ukukhetha okungalungile kungaholela ekushayweni okungabanjwanga, ukubikwa kwezigameko okubambezelekile, kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi esibizayo. Lesi sihloko sichaza izici ezibalulekile ezibaluleke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izilinganiso zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukucaca komsindo, izici eziphuthumayo, izinketho zokufaka, kanye nokuhambisana kwesistimu, ukuze ukwazi ukuqhathanisa amamodeli ngokuqonda okucacile kwalokho okuzosebenza ngokwethembeka ezindaweni zezimboni ezidingayo.

Kungani Ucingo Olufanele Olungangeni Isimo Sezulu Lubalulekile

In izindawo zezimboni ezibalulekile, ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana akuyona nje indlela elula yokusebenza; iyindlela eyisisekelo yokuphepha. Ucingo oluvikela isimo sezulu lusebenza njengomthombo obalulekile wokuphila lapho amanethiwekhi omsakazo ayinhloko ehluleka, ukwamukelwa kwamaselula kwehla, noma izimo eziphuthumayo zendawo zidinga ukuxhumana okusheshayo, okuxhunywe kwi-hard. Ukukhetha idivayisi efanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bangakwazi ukuxhumanisa imisebenzi futhi baqalise izinqubo eziphuthumayo ngaphandle kokulibala.

Ukwehluleka kokuxhumana kwezimboni kunezijeziso ezinkulu zezimali nezokuphepha. Isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe ezimbonini ezinkulu singadlula u-$20,000 ngehora, futhi izimpendulo eziphuthumayo ezibambezelekile zandisa kakhulu ingozi yokulimala kwabasebenzi noma ukulahlekelwa yimpahla. Ngenxa yalokho, ukucacisa ucingo olumelana nesimo sezulu kudinga ukuhlolwa okuqinile kokuqina kwemvelo, ukusebenza kwe-acoustic, kanye nokusebenzisana kwesistimu.

Izimo zokusebenza nezidingo zokuphendula eziphuthumayo

Izimo zokusebenza zendawo zinquma izincazelo eziyisisekelo zanoma iyiphi idivayisi yokuxhumana. Izindawo ezivezwe emvuleni enkulu, izinto eziphuma emoyeni, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okukhulu zidinga izindawo ezivalekile ezivimbela ukungena kwemvelo. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ucingo kumele lusebenze ngokushesha lapho luphakanyiswa yifoni, ludlule izinqubo zokudayela eziyinkimbinkimbi ngezici zokudayela okuzenzakalelayo noma izingcingo eziphuthumayo ezithunyelwa ngqo egumbini lokulawula eliphakathi.

Izidingo zokusabela eziphuthumayo nazo zinquma ukubonakala ngokomzimba kanye nokufinyeleleka. Amadivayisi avame ukuhlanganiswa nama-beacon akhanyayo abonakala kakhulu (ngokuvamile asebenza ku-12V noma ku-24V DC) kanye nama-loud ringers angaphandle akwazi ukukhipha umsindo phezu komsindo wezimboni ozungezile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesofthiwe yokuqapha amaphutha kuvumela umyalo ophakathi ukuthi ushaye ucingo njalo, uqinisekise ukuthi ulayini kanye nefoni kusebenza ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke isimo esiphuthumayo.

Izindawo zezimboni ezidingeka kakhulu

Izindawo ezifunwa kakhulu njengezindawo zokuhluza i-petrochemical, amapulatifomu okumba asogwini,izimayini zemigodi evulekile, kanye nemigudu yesitimela iveza izinselele ezihlukile ze-acoustic kanye nezomzimba. Kulezi zilungiselelo, umsindo ozungezile uvame ukwedlula u-90 dB(A), okwenza imishini yocingo ejwayelekile ingasebenzi. Ucingo oluvikelwe kahle kufanele lusebenzise amamakrofoni asusa umsindo kanye nama-receiver akhipha umsindo ophezulu ukuze kuhlukaniswe izwi lomsebenzisi emishinini esindayo kanye nomsindo wendawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zindawo zibeka imishini ezintweni ezibolayo njenge-saltwater spray, umusi one-acidic, kanye nemisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) engaguquki. Izinto kumele zikhethwe hhayi nje ngenxa yokumelana kwazo ngokushesha kodwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kwesikhathi eside. Idivayisi efakwe endaweni yasolwandle, isibonelo, kumele imelane nomswakama oqhubekayo ogcwele usawoti ngaphandle kokonakalisa amabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe angaphakathi (ama-PCB) noma ikhiphedi yangaphandle.

Imininingwane Ebalulekile Okufanele Iqhathaniswe

Ukuqhathanisa imininingwane kuyisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu senqubo yokuthenga. Izingcingo zezimboni ziyizimali zobunjiniyela, futhi amashidi azo edatha kumele ahlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlangabezana nezidingo eziqondile zendawo yokuthunyelwa. Onjiniyela kanye nezikhulu zokuthenga kumele bahlole izinsika ezintathu zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko: izilinganiso zokuqina kwemvelo, izinqubo zokudlulisa inethiwekhi, kanye nokwakhiwa kwehadiwe ebonakalayo.

Ukuvikelwa kokungena, ukumelana nokushayisana, kanye nobubanzi bokushisa

Ukuqina kwemvelo kulinganiswa ngezilinganiso ezijwayelekile. Ukuvikelwa Kokungena (IP) kanye Nokuvikelwa Komthelela (IK) yizo izindlela eziyinhloko zokulinganisa. Ngenkathi i-IP65 yanele ukusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo kwangaphandle, izindawo zezimboni ezinzima zidinga i-IP66 (ukuvikelwa kumajethi amanzi anamandla) noma i-IP67 (ukuvikelwa ekucwilisweni kwesikhashana). Ngokufanayo, isilinganiso se-IK10 siqinisekisa ukuthi indawo ebiyelwe ingamelana nokushaya kwama-joule angu-20—okulingana nesisindo esingu-5 kg ​​esincishisiwe kusuka ku-400 mm.

Ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ama-elekthronikhi ajwayelekile ezentengiselwano ahluleka ngokushesha ezindaweni ezibucayi zezimboni. Ucingo oluqinile oluvikela isimo sezulu kufanele lunikeze izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elijwayelekile elisukela ku-30°C kuya ku-+65°C. Ezinhlelweni ze-arctic noma ze-foundry, amabanga anwetshiwe asukela ku-40°C kuya ku-+75°C avame ukudingeka, okudinga ukumbozwa kwangaphakathi kuwo wonke ama-PCB kanye nezibonisi ze-LCD ezikhethekile zesimo sezulu esibandayo uma kusetshenziswa izikrini.

Izinketho ze-analog, i-SIP, i-GSM, kanye ne-LTE

Ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa kuchaza ukuhlanganiswa kwedivayisi kunethiwekhi ebanzi yesitshalo. Izingcingo ze-analog zisalokhu zivamile kwingqalasizinda endala, zinikeza ukuxhumana okuthembekile kwezintambo ezimbili okungadlulisela izimpawu ezifika kumakhilomitha ama-5 ngaphandle kokukhulisa. Ziyakwazi ukumelana kakhulu kodwa azinazo izindlela zokuxilonga ezikude ezithuthukisiwe.

Izingcingo ze-Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) noma i-Voice over IP (VoIP) ziyizinga lesimanje. Zisebenzisa izintambo ze-Ethernet ezijwayelekile, amafoni e-SIP asekela i-Power over Ethernet (PoE 802.3af/at), ama-codec omsindo anencazelo ephezulu (G.722), kanye nokuphathwa kwewebhu okusekelwe endaweni eyodwa. Kumasayithi akude angenazo ingqalasizinda eqinile, izingcingo ze-GSM noma ze-LTE ezivikela isimo sezulu zinikeza ukuxhumana okungenantambo, okudinga kuphela umthombo wamandla wendawo kanye nekhadi le-SIM elisebenzayo kubhendi ye-4G ethembekile.

Imigomo yokusebenza kokuvala, i-handset, kanye nomsindo

Ukwakhiwa okubonakalayo kwe-enclosure kanye ne-handset kunquma isikhathi sokuphila kweyunithi. Ama-enclosure avame ukwenziwa nge-aluminium alloy eyenziwe ngensimbi (enhle kakhulu ngomthelela nokuqina okuvamile) noma i-Glass-Reinforced Polyester (GRP). I-GRP ithandwa kakhulu ezindaweni zamakhemikhali nezasolwandle ngenxa yokungavikeleki kwayo ngokuphelele ekugqwaleni nasekugqwaleni kwe-galvanic.

Izintambo ze-handset ziyizindawo ezidumile zokwehluleka ezindaweni zezimboni. Amamodeli asebenza kanzima asebenzisa izintambo ezijikelezayo zensimbi engagqwali ezine-lanyard yensimbi yangaphakathi, enikeza amandla okudonsa angaphansi kuka-200 kg. Ngokombono womsindo, i-ringer yangaphakathi kumele ikhiqize okungenani u-85 dB(A) ebangeni elingamamitha angu-1, kuyilapho ama-amplifier ahlanganisiwe (ngokuvamile afinyelela ku-15W) angashayela izikhulumi ze-horn zangaphandle ukuze zisakaze endaweni ebanzi.

Ukuthobela imithetho, Ukufakwa, kanye Nezindleko Eziphelele

Ngaphandle kwemininingwane yobuchwepheshe, ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwenethiwekhi yocingo engangenisi isimo sezulu kuncike kakhulu ekulandeleni imithetho, ukufakwa kwezinto, kanye nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (i-TCO). Idivayisi engabizi ukuyithenga kodwa okunzima ukuyihlanganisa noma engahambisani neziqondiso zokuphepha zendawo ekugcineni izodala izindleko ezinkulu ezingalindelekile.

Izindinganiso kanye nokuvunyelwa okudingekayo

Imishini yokuxhumana yezimboni kumele ilandele amazinga aqinile omhlaba kanye nawesifunda. Ukuvunyelwa okuyisisekelo kufaka phakathi ukuhambisana ne-CE, i-FCC, kanye ne-RoHS. Uma indawo iqukethe amagesi noma uthuli oluvuthayo, amafoni ajwayelekile angangenisi isimo sezulu awanele; amadivayisi kumele aphephe ngokwemvelo nomaayiqhumi, ithwala i-ATEX, izitifiketi ze-IECEx, noma ze-UL Class I Division 1/2.

Izindinganiso zokufinyeleleka nazo zidlala indima ezindaweni ezithile. Amadivayisi kungadingeka ahambisane noMthetho WaseMelika Okhubazekile (i-ADA) noma izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ezifanayo, ezidinga ukuphakama okuthile, izamukeli ezihambisana nezinsiza zokuzwa (i-HAC), kanye namakhibhodi okuthinta anezinkomba zeBraille.

Amandla, izintambo, ukufakwa, kanye nezinto zokuhlanganisa

Izinto zokufaka ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe obukhethiwe. Izingcingo ze-SIP ezisebenza nge-PoE (ezidinga kufika ku-15.4W) zenza kube lula ukuxhumanisa izintambo ngokuhlanganisa idatha namandla kukhebula elilodwa le-Cat5e/Cat6. Kodwa-ke, uma ifoni ifakwe isifudumezi esihlanganisiwe sokushisa okukhulu noma uphondo lwangaphandle olunamandla aphezulu, i-PoE+ (30W) noma ugesi wendawo we-110V/220V AC ozinikele kungadingeka.

Izinketho zokufaka kumele zinqunywe ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuhlela indawo. Amayunithi afakwe odongeni ajwayelekile emahholo ezimboni angaphakathi, kodwa uthango lwangaphandle noma izimayini zemigodi evulekile zivame ukudinga izinsika zokufaka eziqinile nezizimele. Izici zokuhlanganisa zifaka phakathi nokulungiselela amadivayisi e-SIP ukuze abhaliswe kahle nesikhungo.i-IP-PBX ekhona(njengezinkundla ze-Cisco, i-Avaya, noma i-Asterisk).

Izindleko ezibangela ukudlula intengo yokuthenga

Intengo yokuthenga yocingo olumelana nesimo sezulu ivame ukusuka ku-$300 kumayunithi ayisisekelo e-analog kuya ku-$1,200 kumamodeli e-SIP athuthukile anezimbobo ze-GRP nama-beacon angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, intengo yokuthenga imelela ingxenye encane kakhulu ye-TCO.

Izinto ezibangela izindleko zifaka phakathi umsebenzi wokufaka (ngokuvamile u-$150–$300 ngehora kosonkontileka abakhethekile bakagesi ezindaweni eziyingozi), ukuthungwa kwezintambo zekhebula, kanye nelayisensi yesofthiwe yokuhlanganiswa kwe-PBX. Ukuze kuncishiswe i-TCO, abathengi kufanele babeke phambili amadivayisi ane-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) edlula amahora angu-50,000 kanye namakhono okuphatha kude aqinile, okunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokuthunyelwa kokulungiswa endaweni.

Indlela Yokuthola Nokuthola Abahlinzeki Abafanelekayo

Ukuthola ihadiwe yokuxhumana yezimboni kudinga ukuhlola abahlinzeki ngokuqinile njengemishini uqobo lwayo. Imakethe inezigaba ezahlukene zabathengisi, futhi ukukhetha umlingani ofanele kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kumawaranti athembekile, ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe, kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele zesikhathi eside.

Imibuzo yekhwalithi yokukhiqiza kanye nokuhlolwa

Uma befaneleka umkhiqizi, abathengi kumele baphenye ngemibuzo izinqubo zabo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nokuhlola. Umhlinzeki othembekile kufanele anikeze ngokushesha imibhalo yokuhlolwa kwemvelo. Ngezicelo zasolwandle, cela izitifiketi zokuhlola isifutho sikasawoti ezibonisa okungenani amahora angama-96 okuvezwa ngaphandle kokuwohloka.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-acoustic kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Buza ukuthi umenzi uwaqinisekisa kanjani amakhono okukhansela umsindo wama-microphone akhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hlola imigomo yewaranti; ama-electronics ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ngabathengi anikeza izinyanga eziyi-12, kanti amafoni asezingeni lezimboni angangenisi isimo sezulu kufanele abe newaranti esukela ezinyangeni ezingama-24 kuya kwezingama-36, okubonisa ukuzethemba komenzi ngezilinganiso zawo ze-MTBF.

Abakhiqizi, abahlanganisi, kanye nabasabalalisi baqhathaniswa

Abathengi bangathola imishini ngabakhiqizi abaqondile (ama-OEM), abahlanganisi bezinhlelo, noma abasabalalisi besitoko. Isiteshi ngasinye sinikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile kuye ngesilinganiso sephrojekthi.

Ama-OEM aqondile afaneleka kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amakhulu amakhulu adinga imibala ye-enclosure eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukucushwa kwe-autodial ethile, noma izindleko eziphansi zamayunithi ngamanani aphezulu e-Minimum Order Quantities (MOQs). Ama-Integrators aneza inani ngokupakisha amafoni ngeIzinhlelo ze-PBX namanethiwekhi e-PA, nakuba kusesilinganisweni esilinganiselwe. Abasabalalisi bangcono kakhulu ekushintsheni okusheshayo, okunomthamo ophansi lapho izikhathi zokuhola zeviki eli-1 kuya kwamabili zingamukeleki.

Inqubo yokukhetha ewusizo

Inqubo yokukhetha engokoqobo iqala ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwesayithi ukuze kuchazwe izilinganiso eziqondile ze-IP/IK kanye nezidingo ze-acoustic. Okulandelayo, khipha isicelo solwazi (i-RFI) ohlwini lwabaphakeli, ucele izitifiketi zokuthobela imithetho kanye nedatha ye-MTBF.

Ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekuthengeni yonke indawo, thola njalo iyunithi yesampula. Faka lesi sampula endaweni ebukhali kakhulu endaweni. Hlola ukucaca kwemakrofoni ngesikhathi somsindo wokusebenza ophezulu, qinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi ne-PBX ekhona, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ihadiwe yokufaka ebonakalayo imelana nokudlidliza kwendawo.

Uhlaka Lwezinqumo kanye Namaphutha Avamile

Ukuqedela ukuthengwa kwezingcingo ezingangenisi isimo sezulu kudinga i-matrix yezinqumo ehlelekile ehlanganisa izici ezithile zedivayisi nezingozi zendawo. Ukugwema izingibe ezivamile zokucacisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi yokuxhumana ephumayo isebenza kahle kuyo yonke impilo yayo elindelekile yeminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15.

Ukufanisa izinhlobo zefoni nezingozi zesayithi

Ukufanisa uhlobo lwefoni nengozi yendawo kuhilela ukuhlukanisa izindawo ngaphakathi kwesikhungo. Kwidokhi yokulayisha ejwayelekile, ifoni ye-SIP ene-aluminium efakwe ikhiphedi enesilinganiso se-IP66 ngokuvamile yanele. Kodwa-ke, endaweni yokucubungula amakhemikhali enomsindo ophezulu we-ambient, iphrofayili yengozi idinga indawo ebiyelwe ye-GRP (yokumelana namakhemikhali), isilinganiso se-IP67, akukho khiphedi (ucingo oluzenzakalelayo lokushaya ucingo ukuvimbela ukungcola okuvela kumagilavu ​​​​angcolile), kanye ne-acoustic hood yokuvikela umsebenzisi emsindweni wangemuva we-90+ dB.

Ngokufanayo, amasango akude angenazo izintambo zenethiwekhi ezibonakalayo athwala ingozi yokuhlukaniswa. Kulezi zindawo, ucingo olusebenza nge-LTE oluvikela isimo sezulu olusebenza ngephaneli yelanga yendawo kanye nebhange lebhethri lunciphisa ingozi yemigqa yokuxhumana enqanyuliwe, uma nje amandla esignali ye-4G yendawo eqinisekisiwe ngaphambi kokufakwa.

Amaphutha avamile okukhetha okufanele uwagweme

Iphutha elivame kakhulu ekucacisweni ukunganaki indawo encane ngaphakathi kwe-environment. Nakuba isilinganiso se-IP67 sivimbela amanzi angaphandle ukungena, izinguquko ezinkulu zokushisa zingabangela ukuminyana kwangaphakathi, okuholela ekugqwaleni kwe-PCB. Ukucacisa i-environment ngama-valve okuphefumula e-Gore-Tex kuvimbela lokhu kuqongelela komswakama.

Elinye iphutha elivamile ukucabanga ukuthi i-SIP ihambisana ne-Universal SIP. Nakuba i-SIP iyi-standard (RFC3261), izinhlelo ze-IP-PBX ezizimele ngezinye izikhathi zidinga ukulungiswa kwe-firmware ethile. Ukwehluleka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kwe-SIP 2.0 ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuhlola isampula kungabangela ukuhoxiswa kwezingcingo noma amathoni e-DTMF angasebenzi.

Okokugcina, abathengi bavame ukungakunaki ukuwohloka kwekhebula. Ukufaka ucingo olusezingeni eliphezulu olumelana nesimo sezulu kusetshenziswa ikhebula le-Cat5e elijwayelekile elikalwe ngaphakathi kuveza uhlelo ekulimaleni kwe-UV kanye nomswakama endaweni yokuxhuma. Njalo chaza ikhebula elingamelana ne-UV, elinezikhali, noma eligcwele ijeli ukuze lihambisane nokuqina kwemvelo kweyunithi yocingo uqobo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu socingo oluvikela isimo sezulu
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yisiphi isilinganiso se-IP okufanele ifoni evikela isimo sezulu ibe naso ukuze isetshenziswe ngaphandle ezimbonini?

Khetha okungenani i-IP66 ezindaweni ezinemvula enkulu kanye nezindawo ezimanzi. Sebenzisa i-IP67 lapho kungenzeka khona ukucwiliswa okwesikhashana noma ukukhukhuleka kwamanzi.

Ngingakhetha kanjani phakathi kocingo oluvikela isimo sezulu lwe-analog kanye nolwe-SIP?

Sebenzisa i-analog ezinhlelweni ezilula zezintambo ezimbili kanye nokusebenza kwekhebula isikhathi eside. Khetha i-SIP/VoIP yamanethiwekhi esimanje, ukuqapha okude, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okulula nezinhlelo ze-IP PBX.

Kunini lapho ifoni engaqhumi khona ingcono kunefoni ejwayelekile engagugiyo esimweni sezulu?

Sebenzisa amamodeli angaqhumi ezindaweni eziyingozi njengamafutha, igesi, amakhemikhali, noma izindawo ezinobungozi bothuli. Hlola izitifiketi ezidingekayo njenge-ATEX ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Yiziphi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zezimboni ezinomsindo?

Beka phambili amamakrofoni asusa umsindo, ama-receiver akhipha umsindo kakhulu, ama-beacon akhanyayo, kanye nama-ringers angaphandle anomsindo ukuze izingcingo zihlale zicacile ngaphezu komsindo womshini.

Kungani uthenga ifoni engangenisi simo sezulu kwaSiniwo?

I-Siniwo inikeza izixazululo zokuxhumana zezimboni kusukela ekuklanyweni kuya ekulungisweni, ngemikhiqizo evikela isimo sezulu kanye nezindawo eziyingozi, ikhwalithi eqinisekisiwe, kanye nesipiliyoni sokulethwa emazweni angaphezu kuka-70.