Ungayikhetha kanjani ifoni engaqhumi ye-ATEX yezitshalo zamakhemikhali?

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo, iqembu legesi, kanye nesigaba sokushisa kunquma ukuthi ifoni ye-ATEX iyamukeleka yini.
• Ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali, ukuqondakala kwenkulumo kubaluleke kakhulu kunevolumu yendandatho yodwa.
• Ukuvikelwa kokungena, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nesitayela sokufaka kuthinta izindleko zokuphila konke kanye nesitifiketi.
• Kubathengi bephrojekthi, amadokhumenti, izipele, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kunciphisa ubungozi ngaphezu kwentengo ephansi kakhulu kusengaphambili.

Ucingo oluvikela ukuqhuma lwe-ATEXUkukhetha isitshalo samakhemikhali kufanele kuqale ngokuhambisana nomthetho, bese kudlulela ekusebenzeni kwe-acoustic, ukuqina, kanye nokusekelwa komjikelezo wokuphila; ukuthi i-oda libalulekile ngoba ocingweni lwendawo eyingozi bangamadivayisi okuphepha, hhayi ama-handset abathengi. Ngaphansi kohlaka lwe-ATEX, imishini ivame ukuhlolwa ngokusetshenziswa kwendawo, iqembu lemishini, kanye nomqondo wokuvikela, kuyilapho ukulawulwa kokushiswa kukagesi kuvame ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ezifana nokuthiIsiqondiso 2014/34/EUkanye nemikhuba yokuhlola noma yokufaka ekhonjiswe yimibhalo ye-IEC kanye ne-ISO. Ngokwemigomo yesitshalo esisebenzayo, idivayisi yokuxhumana kumele ihlale isebenziseka emsindweni, ekudlidlizeni, emswakama, nasezindaweni ezigqwalisayo, ngoba ucingo oluthembekile ngesikhathi sesehlakalo esibi lungaba lubaluleke kakhulu kuneshidi eliphelele lemininingwane. Ukuze uthole umbono obanzi wemishini, bheka i-imikhiqizo yokuxhumana yezimboni, iuhla lwefoni olungangeni ukuqhuma, kanyeocingo olungangenisi isimo sezuluisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinzima.

Indlela yokukhetha ifoni engaqhumi ye-ATEX yesitshalo samakhemikhali: qala ngendawo eyingozi

Isilinganiso esifanele sendawo enobungozi yisihlungi sokuqala, ngoba ifoni ingafakwa kuphela lapho umqondo wayo wokuvikela uhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwesayithi.

Izitshalo zamakhemikhali zivame ukuqukatha izindawo ezinegesi evuthayo, umusi, izinyibilikisi, noma uthuli oluvuthayo, futhi ifoni kumele iqinisekiswe ngengozi ethile. Kuhlelo lwe-ATEX, izindawo eziyingozi zihlukaniswe ngezindawo ngokusekelwe ekutheni kungenzeka yini kanye nobude besikhathi sokuqhuma komkhathi. Lokho kusho ukuthi imodeli efanele i-Zone 2 ingase ingamukeleki kwi-Zone 1, futhi idivayisi eyenzelwe izindawo zegesi ingase ingambozi izingozi zothuli ngaphandle kokuthi ilinganiswe ngokucacile kokubili.

Amaqembu okuthenga kufanele ahlole njalo ukumaka okugcwele, hhayi ilebula lokumaketha elenziwe lula. Ukumaka kufanele kubonise iqembu lemishini, isigaba, uhlobo lomkhathi, iqembu legesi, kanye nesigaba sokushisa. EYurophu, lokhu akuwona amaphepha okuzikhethela; kuyingqikithi yokufaneleka kokufakwa.

Iphuzu eliwusizo lokubhekisela yi-logic yesigaba se-ATEX kuIsiqondiso 2014/34/EU, okusekela ukukhethwa kwemishini yezindawo eziqhumayo e-EU. Kumasayithi asebenzisa izindawo zenqubo ezivezwe uthuli,I-IECImikhuba yezindawo eziyingozi ivame ukubhekiswana nayo kanye nemibhalo ye-ATEX ukuze amaqembu obunjiniyela, okugcina, kanye nokuthobela imithetho avumelane.

Ucingo oluvikela ukuqhuma lwe-ATEX uma luqhathaniswa nocingo lwendawo enobungozi: yini eshintsha ngempela

Leli gama alibalulekile kangako kunomklamo wokuvikela ongemuva kwalo, ngoba abathengi bavame ukudidanisa ucingo lwezimboni oluqinile nocingo oluyingozi ngempela.

Ucingo lwendawo enobungozi luyisigaba esibanzi esimboza noma yiluphi ucingo oluhloselwe izindawo eziyingozi, kuyilapho ifoni engaqhumi ye-ATEX ikhombisa ngokuqondile ukuhambisana nohlaka lwe-European-explosive-atmosphere. Ngolimi lokuthenga, lo mehluko ungavimbela iphutha elibizayo: ifoni yangaphandle engagqwali ingasinda ekuvezweni ngamakhemikhali, kodwa ingase ingafaneleki ngaphakathi kwendawo ehlukanisiwe uma ingenaso isitifiketi esifanele.

Ezindaweni zamakhemikhali, ifoni idinga futhi ukusekela izimo zokusetshenziswa kokusebenza ngale kwezingcingo ezivamile. Abasebenzi bangadinga ukuxhumana namagumbi okulawula, amaqembu okulungisa, abakhiphi bezimvume, ochwepheshe bokuhlukanisa, noma abasebenzi bezokusabela eziphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke idivayisi kufanele isebenze ezimweni zokubonakala okuphansi, umsindo ophezulu, kanye nezimo zokusebenzisa amagilavu, hhayi nje ekuhlolweni kwelabhorethri.

Ezindaweni ezixubile, kuyasiza ukuqhathanisa idivayisi yendawo eyingozi nobubanzi obubanzi bezinto ezisetshenziswayo.izingcingo zezimbonifuthi ukumelana nokuhlukunyezwa kakhuluizingcingo ezingaphazamisi umonakalo, ngoba izitshalo zamakhemikhali zivame ukuba nezindawo ezihlukanisiwe kanye nezindawo ezingahlukaniswanga endaweni efanayo.

Yiziphi izici zobuchwepheshe ezibaluleke kakhulu ocingweni lokuxhumana lwesitshalo samakhemikhali

Ukusebenza komsindo, ubuqotho besikhala, kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kunquma ukuthi ifoni iwusizo yini ngemva kokufakwa.

Ngokuxhumana kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali, abathengi abaningi bagxila kakhulu ekuqinisekisweni futhi abagxili kakhulu ekusebenziseni. Lokho kuyiphutha, ngoba idivayisi edlulisa amaphepha kodwa engezwakali ngaphezu komsindo wenqubo ibuthakathaka ekusebenzeni. Ezindaweni eziningi zenqubo, ukuqondakala kwenkulumo kuyisilinganiso sempumelelo yangempela, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamaphampu, ama-compressor, ama-blower, kanye nemigqa yokugcwalisa. Umklamo wokuxhumana kwezimboni uvame ukulandela izimiso zokuhlela i-acoustic kunokuqonda kwefoni yabathengi, kanye nokuqoqwa kwemakrofoni, ukuphuma kwesipikha, kanye nokulawulwa kwethoni eseceleni konke okuthinta ikhwalithi yocingo.

Ukuvikelwa kwendawo nakho kubalulekile. Ucingo olufakwe eduze kwama-asidi, izinyibilikisi, ama-caustics, umusi, noma umoya ogcwele usawoti ludinga indawo ebiyelwe kanye nezinto zekhiphedi ezimelana nokubola. Empeleni, insimbi engagqwali engu-316, ama-thermoplastics aklanywe ngobunjiniyela, noma ama-keypad avaliwe avame ukukhethwa kuye ngephrofayili yokuchayeka kanye nohlelo lokuhlanza.

Ngokuphathelene nesigaba sokushisa kanye namagama okuqinisekisa, amaqembu obunjiniyela avame ukuqinisekisa ngokuphambene nemibhalo esezingeni elifana naleliIzinsizakusebenza zezindinganiso ze-ISOkanye nemibhalo yokuhambisana ne-ATEX esebenzayo ehlinzekwa nedivayisi. Ukuze uthole izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kanye nokulawula ukuthungela ezindaweni eziyingozi, imikhawulo eqondile evumelekile kumele ifundwe esitifiketini somkhiqizo, hhayi ngezinto zokugcina kuphela.

Indlela yokuhlola ukusebenza kokuxhumana kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali ngale kwesitifiketi

Ucingo luwusizo kuphela uma lukwazi ukunikeza inkulumo ecacile ngesikhathi umsebenzisi eludinga kakhulu.

Esitshalweni samakhemikhali, ukuxhumana kuyahluleka ngezizathu ezingokoqobo isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kwehluleke ngezizathu zokuthobela imithetho. Umsindo wangemuva ufihla inkulumo, i-PPE inciphisa ukuzwakala, ama-alamu ancintisana ngokunaka, futhi izimo eziphuthumayo zicindezela isikhathi sokuphendula. Ngaleso sizathu, ukuqondakala kwenkulumo kufanele kuthathwe njengesici esiyinhloko sokuthenga. Uma abasebenzi bokulungisa bengakwazi ukuzwa umnikazi wemvume noma igumbi lokulawula lingakwazi ukuqonda imiyalelo yokuvala, uhlelo lokuxhumana alusebenzi kahle ngisho noma imishini iqinisekisiwe.

Uma kuqhathaniswa amamodeli, abathengi kufanele babuze imininingwane mayelana nokukhipha umsindo kwefoni, ukuzwela kwemakrofoni, ukwakheka okulwa nomsindo, kanye nokuhambisana nokwakheka kwezingcingo zesitshalo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ulayini ungaxhunywa ku-PBX, isango le-VoIP, i-intercom ephuthumayo, noma uhlelo lwe-industrial paging.

• Hlola iyunithi endaweni enomsindo ongokoqobo, hhayi ehhovisi elithule.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi amagilavu ​​awavimbeli ukusebenza kwekhiphedi.
• Hlola ukuthi intambo yesandla, i-hookswitch, kanye nemodi yesipikha ziyasinda yini ekusetshenzisweni okuphindaphindiwe.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kungathatha indawo yezingxenye ezigugile ezivamile ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa indawo.

Ukuze kutholakale isilinganiso sobuchwepheshe sokuxhumana okunokhahlo endaweni, amaqembu amaningi okuxhumana kwezimboni aphinde abukeze imibhalo yokufaka kanye neyokuphepha kukagesi evela ku-I-NISTukuze kutholakale izinkomba zokulinganisa nokuthembeka, noma ngabe indlela yokugcina yokuqinisekisa isekelwe ku-ATEX. Lokho kusiza amaqembu okuthenga agcine ulwazi olufanayo mayelana nezindlela zokuhlola, ukubekezelelana, kanye nokulandelela.

Kungani ukuvikelwa kokungena kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kubaluleke kakhulu kunesithombe sekhathalogi

Ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside esitshalweni samakhemikhali kuvame ukunqunywa umswakama, izinsalela, kanye nokugqwala kunokuba kunqunywe ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokushaya ucingo.

Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi izindlela zokuvikela ukuqhuma zivikelekile ngokuphelele kukho konke, kodwa isitifiketi sezindawo eziqhumayo asifani nokuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni ngamakhemikhali. Ucingo olusendaweni yenqubo lungabhekana nomswakama, ukugezwa ngamanzi abangela ukuvuvukala, ukuchayeka ngaphandle kwe-UV, kanye nokungcola okusemoyeni. Uma izinto ezivalekile zimbi, zivala ngokushesha futhi izinkinobho zingathembeki. Lokho kuholela esikhathini sokungasebenzi, ukuvakashelwa okwengeziwe kokulungisa, futhi esimweni esibi kakhulu indawo yokuxhumana engabonakali ngesikhathi sesigameko.

Ukuvikelwa kokungena kusiza ekuchazeni ukumelana nothuli namanzi, kodwa amaqembu ezitshalo kufanele acabange ngokujulile ngesendlalelo esisodwa. Ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuqina kwe-UV, kanye nokuqina kwe-gasket kuthinta izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila. Yingakho izindawo ezinezindlela zokuhlanza ezinamandla zivame ukukhetha amapuleti obuso ensimbi engagqwali noma izindlu ze-polymer ezicacisiwe ngokucophelela kunepulasitiki ejwayelekile yesitayela sehhovisi.

Amasayithi aqhathanisa amadivayisi endawo enobungozi namamodeli angaphandle aqinile kufanele nawo abukezeizingcingo eziphuthumayofuthiizipikha ze-horn zezimboniukunquma ukuthi isu lokuxhumana lidinga yini ukushayela ucingo ngqo, isaziso esiphuthumayo sokuthinta okukodwa, noma isaziso sendawo yonke.

Uhlu lokuhlola lokukhetha ifoni ye-ATEX lokuxhumana kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali

Uhlu lokuhlola oluhlelekile lunciphisa amaphutha okucacisa futhi lusheshisa ukuvunyelwa kobunjiniyela.

Inqubo yokuthenga ephumelela kakhulu akuyona into yokuqala ngomkhiqizo kodwa imfuneko kuqala. Qala ngokubhala phansi indawo, uhlobo lomkhathi, indawo yokufaka, isimo socingo, kanye nomnikazi wokulungisa. Bese uqhathanisa amamodeli ngezindlela ezilinganiswayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi lapho i-EHS, ubunjiniyela, ukuthenga, kanye nokusebenza konke kunezinto ezilindelekile ezihlukile.

1. Qinisekisa indawo eyingozi kanye nesigaba se-ATEX esidingekayo.
2. Qinisekisa iqembu legesi kanye nesigaba sokushisa uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo.
3. Khetha izinto ezivalekile ngokusekelwe ekugqwaleni, ekuhlanzeni nasekuchayweni yi-UV.
4. Hlola isitayela sokufaka ukuze ubone ukuhlanganiswa kodonga, ikholomu, noma amaphaneli.
5. Qinisekisa indlela yokushaya ucingo, njenge-PBX, i-SIP, i-analog, noma i-logic yokudlulisela okuphuthumayo.
6. Buyekeza izingxenye ezisele, isikhathi sokulungisa, kanye nemibhalo yesevisi.

Kumaqembu okuthenga, ifoni engcono kakhulu ivame ukuba yileyo elula ukuyibhala phansi nokuyinakekela kuyo yonke impilo yempahla. Yingakho izincwadi zokufaka, isimemezelo sokuvumelana, kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye kungabaluleka njengefoni uqobo.

Yiziphi izindinganiso kanye nezidingo ezilinganiselwe okufanele abathengi baziqinisekise

Izindinganiso zinciphisa ukungaqondakali, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhileleke osonkontileka abaningi.

Abathengi be-ATEX akufanele bathembele emishweni engacacile njengokuthi “kufanelekela izindawo eziyingozi” ngaphandle kokufunda ifayela lokumaka idivayisi kanye nokuhambisana nayo. Isisekelo somthetho se-EU siyindawo ecacile yokuqala, kodwa amaphrojekthi amaningi aphesheya kwezilwandle nawo ahlanganisa lezo zidingo nomkhuba wobunjiniyela osekelwe ku-IEC. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe, izinombolo ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezo ezichaza ukuthi idivayisi ingasetshenziswa kuphi futhi kanjani.

Izibonelo zamanani aqinile zifaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Zone 1 kanye ne-Zone 2, umkhawulo wokushisa kobuso be-T6 ongu-85 C, kanye nezinhloso zokuvikela ukungena kwe-IP66 noma i-IP67. Lawo manani abalulekile ngoba ahumushela ngqo ezinqumweni zokubeka, imikhawulo yokugcinwa, kanye nengozi yokwehluleka.

Uma isitshalo sifuna isinqumo esisekelwe ebufakazini, singaqhathanisa ucingo olukhethiwe nemibhalo yezindinganiso efanele kanye nefayela lokuhlukanisa lesitshalo. Yilapho ukuthobela imithetho kuba yisinqumo sokusebenza esikhundleni sokusebenza ngamaphepha.

Ukuze uthole izinkomba ze-metrology kanye nokuthembeka, amaqembu obunjiniyela ngezinye izikhathi ayaxhumanaI-NIST, kuyilapho imininingwane yesitifiketi kanye nokuhambisana nayo ihlolwa ngokuqhathanisa nemibhalo yedivayisi kanye nombhalo wesiqondiso se-EU osebenzayo ku-I-EUR-LexUma isitshalo sisebenzisa futhi imisebenzi yokuxhumana okuphuthumayo noma yokuxwayisa umphakathi, isiqondiso esibanzi sezinga lesistimu singaqhathaniswa neI-ISOkanye nezinsizakusebenza ze-IEC.

Indlela izitshalo zamakhemikhali okufanele ziqhathanise ngayo izidingo zokufakwa nokugcinwa

Ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwendlu kuvame ukunquma izindleko zangempela zobunikazi ngaphezu kwentengo yokuthenga.

Ucingo oluyingozi olunzima ukulufaka, olunzima ukuluhlola, noma olunzima ukululungisa luzobiza kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izitshalo zamakhemikhali zidinga amadivayisi amaqembu okulungisa angawahlola ngokushesha, ochwepheshe bezogesi abangawafaka ngaphandle kokungacaci, nokuthi izipele zingatholakala ngendlela ebikezelwayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezinkontileka ezijikelezayo, amashifu amaningi, noma imithetho eqinile yemvume yokusebenza.

Ngesikhathi sokukhetha, buza ukuthi ngabe ifoni ingalungiswa yini endaweni yayo, ukuthi izingxenye zokuvala ziyatholakala yini ngokwahlukana, nokuthi ngabe umenzi unikeza imidwebo yokufaka enobukhulu obucacile kanye nesiqondiso sezintambo. Uhlelo olusebenzayo kufanele lusekele kokubili ukulungiswa kokuvimbela kanye nokulungiswa okusheshayo ngemva kwephutha.

• Khetha amamodeli anelebula elicacile le-terminal kanye nezinketho zokufaka ikhebula ezijwayelekile.
• Hlola ukuthi idivayisi iyayisekela yini ingqalasizinda yocingo ekhona yesitshalo.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-gasket kanye ne-keypad kubhaliwe.
• Qinisekisa isikhathi sokulethwa kwezingxenye ezisele ngaphambi kokuthengwa kokugcina.

Uma isayithi lakho lifuna ukwenza ukuxhumana kube ngendlela efanayo kuzo zonke izindawo, buyekeza ukuthi idivayisi yendawo enobungozi ifanelana kanjani nohlelo olubanziizinhlelo zekheli lomphakathikanye nokwakheka kwe-alamu. Lokho kusiza ukugwema ingxube ehlukene yamadivayisi asebenza kanye kuphela okunzima ukuwanakekela.

Amaphutha avamile lapho uthenga ifoni engaqhumi ye-ATEX

Amaphutha amaningi okuthenga avela ekudidekeni kokuqina nokuhambisana nomthetho noma ekubukeleni phansi indawo yokusebenza.

Iphutha lokuqala ukuthenga igumbi esikhundleni sengozi. Isitshalo samakhemikhali sinezindawo ezihlukanisiwe kanye nezindawo ezingahlukanisiwe, futhi idivayisi kumele ifane nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo, hhayi ilebula yesakhiwo. Iphutha lesibili ukuphatha wonke amafoni angaphandle njengokuphephile ezindaweni eziyingozi. Elesithathu ukukhetha imodeli ebukeka iqinile kodwa engenazo izingxenye zesevisi, amadokhumenti, noma izesekeli ezifanele zokufaka.

Iphutha lesine ukunganaki ukuziphatha komsebenzisi. Uma opharetha begqoka amagilavu, bephatha amathuluzi, noma besebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesikhathi, idivayisi enezilawuli ezingajwayelekile izogwenywa. Iphutha lesihlanu ukuhlola idivayisi ehhovisi kuphela. Ukuhlolwa kwensimu kubalulekile ngoba umsindo, ama-alamu, kanye nezithiyo zomsebenzi zishintsha ngokuphelele ulwazi.

1. Ungacabangi ukuthi “imboni” isho ukuthobela imithetho ye-ATEX.
2. Ungawunaki amazinga okushisa uma indawo ebiyelwe iseduze nemithombo yokushisa.
3. Ungakhethi ikhiphedi noma ifoni okunzima ukuyihlanza.
4. Ungayeki ukuhlela izingxenye ezisele.

Izimo ezifanele kakhulu zokuxhumana ngezitshalo zamakhemikhali

Ucingo olufanele luncike emsebenzini okufanele lwenze, hhayi nje endaweni olufakwe kuyo.

Emakamelweni okulawula, okubalulekile kungaba ukusebenzisana nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana yezitshalo. Emapulazini amathangi, okubalulekile kungaba ukugqwala kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu. Ezindaweni zokulayisha, idivayisi ingadinga ukuqaliswa kocingo okusheshayo kanye nokuzwakala okuphezulu. Ezindaweni zokuphuma eziphuthumayo, ukulula nokubonakala kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuhluka yingakho imodeli eyodwa ingalingani nendawo ngayinye enkingeni yamakhemikhali.

Kubathengi abaningi, isu elisebenza kahle kakhulu ukwenza izinto zibe zijwayelekile ngokwezimo: imodeli eyodwa yendawo eyingozi yezindawo zenqubo ezihlukanisiwe, imodeli eyodwa engamelani nesimo sezulu yezindawo eziveziwe kodwa ezingahlukaniswanga, kanye neyunithi eyodwa yezimo eziphuthumayo yezindawo zokusabela ezigamekweni. Lokho kugcina ukuqeqeshwa kulula futhi izingxenye ezisele zilawuleka kalula.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa mayelana nokukhethwa kwefoni engangenwa ukuqhuma ye-ATEX

1. Yini into yokuqala okufanele uyihlole ngaphambi kokuthenga ifoni engaqhumi ye-ATEX?

Into yokuqala okufanele uyihlole ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi, ngoba ifoni kumele ifane nengozi yangempela yokuqhuma kwesayithi.

2. Ingabe ifoni yezimboni eqinile iphephile ngokuzenzakalelayo esitshalweni samakhemikhali?

Cha, ngoba ukuqina akulingani nokuhambisana ne-ATEX, futhi indawo ebiyelwe eqinile ingase ingavimbeli ukuthungela endaweni ehlukanisiwe.

3. Yisiphi isilinganiso se-IP esivame ukulindeleka emishinini yokuxhumana yezitshalo zamakhemikhali?

I-IP66 noma i-IP67 ivame ukuthandwa lapho uthuli, isifutho, noma ukuhlanza kuyingxenye yendawo yokusebenza.

4. Kungani ikilasi lokushisa libaluleke kangaka?

Ngoba ubuso bedivayisi kumele buhlale ngaphansi komkhawulo wokuthungela wesimo sezulu esizungezile segesi noma uthuli, futhi i-T6 ikhawulela izinga lokushisa lobuso libe ngu-85 C.

5. Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe ifoni enomsindo kakhulu etholakalayo?

Akunjalo ngempela, ngoba ukuqondakala kwenkulumo endaweni yomsindo wangempela kubaluleke kakhulu kunomthamo wendandatho eluhlaza.

6. Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele ngiwacele kumhlinzeki?

Cela isimemezelo sokuvumelana, imininingwane yesitifiketi, imiyalelo yokufaka, ukuhambisana nendawo, kanye nolwazi lwezingxenye ezisele.

7. Ingabe idivayisi eyodwa yokuxhumana ingamboza zonke izindawo zezitshalo zamakhemikhali?

Ngokuvamile akunjalo, ngoba izindawo ezihlukanisiwe, izindawo zokusetshenziswa zangaphandle, kanye nezindawo eziphuthumayo zivame ukudinga izinto eziza kuqala zokuvikela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.