Indlela Yokukhetha Ucingo Olungaqhumi Lwezinhlelo Zokuxhumana Zezitshalo Zamakhemikhali

• Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo kuqhuba isinqumo sokuqala: akukho cingo okufanele lukhethwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqinisekiswe isilinganiso sendawo enobungozi.
• Ukuvikelwa kokungena, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuzwakala komsindo kubaluleke kakhulu njengokuvikelwa kokuqhuma ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali.
• Abathengi bephrojekthi kufanele baqinisekise amadokhumenti esitifiketi, imikhawulo yokufaka, kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa intengo.
• Ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo kwezimboni kumayelana nokuthembeka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka, hhayi nje ukushaya izwi okuvamile.
• Amashidi okuchazwa kufanele ahlolwe maqondana nezimo zangempela zezitshalo, okuhlanganisa umsindo, ukungcola, umswakama, kanye nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali.

Ucingo olungaqhumi lwezitshalo zamakhemikhali aluyona nje ifoni eqinile; luyithuluzi lokuxhumana elenzelwe ukusebenza ngokuphephile ezindaweni lapho kungase kube khona igesi evuthayo, umhwamuko, noma uthuli, futhi isinqumo kufanele sisekelwe ekuhlukanisweni kwesitshalo okuyingozi, hhayi ekucabangeni okuvamile kwefoni yehhovisi. Ekuhleleni okuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni kanye nokuphepha, isikhathi sokuxhumana siyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesilinganiso, ngoba ifoni kumele futhi ihambisane nemithetho yendawo eyingozi futhi igcine umsindo osebenzisekayo ezindaweni ezinomsindo. Ngezikhombisi-ndlela zokuqinisekisa kanye nokuhlukanisa, onjiniyela bavame ukubuyekezaI-ISO 80079-36kwemishini engeyona kagesi ezindaweni eziqhumayo,Isiqondiso sokuphepha se-IEC, futhiIsiqondiso sendawo enobungozi ye-OSHA; ngokugqwala kanye nokuchayeka esimweni sezulu, amaqembu ezitshalo avame ukuhlola okulindelwe endaweni ebiyelwe ngokumeleneIsiqondiso se-NEMA Type 4X enclosureNgokwemibandela yokuthenga, ifoni efanele yesitshalo samakhemikhali inciphisa ingozi yokusha, isekela impendulo ephuthumayo, futhi yehlisa izindleko ezifihliwe zokulungiswa kabusha okubangelwa yizincazelo ezingahambisani.

Indlela yokukhetha ifoni engaqhumi yezitshalo zamakhemikhali: izihlungi ezintathu zokuqala

Inqubo yokukhetha ephephile iqala ngokuhlela, bese idlulela endaweni ezungezile, bese isetshenziswa kalula. Ucingo lwesitshalo samakhemikhali oludlula olulodwa lwalezi zihlungi lungasasebenzi.

Okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo enobungozi. Kumaphrojekthi amaningi, umbuzo ofanele uwukuthi indawo iyindawo engu-1, i-Zone 2, noma indawo elinganiswe ngothuli. Isitifiketi kanye nokumaka kocingo kumele kufane nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo, iqembu legesi, kanye nesigaba sokushisa. Uma indawo ihlukaniswe ngamagesi noma umusi ovuthayo, ifayela lokuthenga kufanele libonise ukuthi idivayisi ivimbela kanjani ukusha ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa kanye namaphutha. Uma indawo ifaka uthuli oluvuthayo, imingcele yokuvala kanye nokushisa kobuso iba yinto ebaluleke ngokulinganayo.

Okwesibili, chaza umthwalo wemvelo. Izitshalo zamakhemikhali zivame ukuhlanganisa umswakama, ukuchayeka kwenqubo, amakhemikhali okuhlanza, ukuchayeka kwi-UV, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ucingo lwendawo oluyingozi oluphephile ephepheni kodwa olubuthakathaka ekugqwaleni luzoba yinkinga yokulungisa ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amaqembu ephrojekthi avame ukuhlola izinto ezivalekile, ukwakheka kwe-gasket, ukuvalwa kwekhiphedi, indlela yokufaka ikhebula, kanye nehadiwe yokufaka njengohlelo olulodwa kunezingxenye ezizimele.

Okwesithathu, hlola ukuthi ifoni ingasetshenziswa yini ngempela ngesikhathi sesehlakalo esingavamile. Esigamekweni, opharetha bangase bagqoke amagilavu, ama-alamu angase asebenze, futhi umsindo ozungezile ungadlula amazinga ajwayelekile ezimboni. Ucingo oluqinisekiswe ngobuchwepheshe kodwa olungenakuzwakala noma olungasebenzi ngaphansi kokucindezeleka alulethi inani langempela. Yingakho ukuphuma kwe-acoustic, ukuzwela kwemakrofoni, ukulula kokuqala ucingo, kanye nokuziphatha kocingo oluphuthumayo kufanele kube yingxenye yohlu lokuhlola lokukhetha.

Kumaqembu okuthenga, lolu chungechunge lugwema elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu: ukuthenga ngesihloko sekhathalogi esikhundleni sesimo sendawo.

Imininingwane yocingo lwesitshalo samakhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu kunentengo

Intengo yinombolo elula kakhulu ukuyiqhathanisa, kodwa akuvamile ukuthi kube yinombolo enquma impumelelo yasensimini. Incazelo ebaluleke kakhulu yileyo evimbela isikhathi sokungasebenzi, ukungalandeli imithetho, noma ukuziphatha kokuxhumana okungaphephile.

Qala ngesilinganiso sokuvikelwa kanye nesitifiketi sendawo enobungozi. Ucingo lwesitshalo samakhemikhali luvame ukudinga indawo ebiyelwe eqinisekisiwe enokuvikelwa kokuqhuma okubhaliwe kanye nezinga lokuvala elifanele ukuvezwa ngaphandle noma ekugezeni. Emaphrojekthini amaningi ezimboni, onjiniyela babheka nezilinganiso ze-IP ezifana ne-IP66 noma i-IP67 lapho ukuvezwa kwejethi yamanzi noma ukucwiliswa kwesikhashana kungenzeka. Isilinganiso ngokwaso asanele; indlela yokufaka kumele igcine leso silinganiso ngemva kokungena komsele, ukufakwa odongeni, kanye nokuqedwa kwekhebula.

Okulandelayo, hlola ukusebenza kwe-acoustic. Ekuxhumaneni kwezimboni, ukuqondakala kubaluleke kakhulu kunomsindo ojwayelekile. I-handset noma i-handsfree unit kufanele iqondakale ngaphezu komsindo wenqubo, ama-compressor, amaphampu, kanye nabalandeli bokungenisa umoya. Ngokwezwi elingokoqobo, lokhu kusho ukuthi ucingo kufanele lusetshenziswe ezingeni langempela lomsindo wangemuva wesayithi, hhayi nje elabhorethri. Uma isitshalo sinendawo yomsindo ophezulu, i-handset ene-receiver eqinisiwe, imakrofoni ekhansela umsindo, noma indlela yomsindo ekhulisiwe iwusizo kakhulu kunedivayisi eyisisekelo ye-analog.

Bese ubuyekeza ukuqina kwemishini. Amafoni ezimbonini zamakhemikhali avame ukuphathwa yizisebenzi ezigqoke amagilavu, abasebenzi bokulungisa, kanye nabaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo. Indlu eqinile, ikhiphedi engabhubhisi, kanye nokufakwa okuqinile kunciphisa ukuphuka kanye nokuphazamiseka. Kumaphoyinti asetshenziswa kakhulu njengezindlu zamasango, izindawo zokufinyelela zegumbi lokulawula, noma imingcele yezitshalo, umklamo oqinile ungase ube ngcono kakhulu esikhathini sokuphila kuneyunithi eshibhile ehlulekayo kusenesikhathi.

Ngokwesiqondiso sendawo enobungozi se-OSHA, imishini kagesi esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukanisiwe kumele ifanelekele ukuhlukaniswa kwezingozi ezithile, yingakho ifoni ejwayelekile yezimboni ingeyona indawo eyamukelekayo yocingo lwendawo enobungozi oluhambisana nemithetho.

Kungani ucingo lwendawo eyingozi kufanele luhambisane nenqubo yesitshalo, hhayi isakhiwo kuphela

Ucingo olufanele luncike engozini yenqubo, hhayi nje kuphela lapho udonga lukhona. Iyunithi esebenza kahle epulazini lethangi le-solvent ingase ingafaneleki eduze kwendawo yokulayisha, futhi ifoni esebenza kahle esakhiweni esisodwa se-compressor ingase ingasebenzi eceleni kwendawo ye-reactor ene-washdown evame ukukhishwa kanye nentuthu yamakhemikhali.

Izitshalo zamakhemikhali ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinto eziningi ezicindezelayo. Ukuchayeka emphefumulweni kungahlasela amapulasitiki nezivalo. Izimo ezigqwalisayo zingonakalisa izixhumi nezinamathiseli. Umswakama ophezulu ungadala ukujiya ngaphakathi kwezivalo. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungacindezela ama-gaskets nezinamathiseli. Uma ifoni ifakiwe ngaphandle, ukuchayeka e-UV kuba esinye isici sokuguga. Uma opharetha begqoka amagilavu, ukuhamba kwezikhiye kanye nesikhala sezinkinobho kuba okubaluleke kakhulu kunasehhovisi elivamile.

Yingakho amaqembu ephrojekthi kufanele ahlele indawo ngayinye yokuxhumana nezimo zayo zendawo. Ucingo lwasensimini eduze kwepulazi lethangi lungadinga ukumelana nesimo sezulu okuphezulu kunocingo olusemzileni wesakhiwo sokulawula. Isiteshi esiseduze neyunithi yenqubo singadinga ukukhishwa kwe-acoustic okunamandla kunocingo olusesangweni lomphathi. Indawo yokulungisa ingadinga ukushaya ucingo oluphuthumayo olufinyelela ngokushesha, kanti indawo yomphathi ingadinga ukudayela okujwayelekile kokunwetshwa kanye nokuhambisana nesango le-PBX noma le-VoIP lesitshalo.

Ezimweni eziningi, ikhambi elingcono kakhulu akuyona imodeli efanayo kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa umndeni omncane wamadivayisi afanelana namazinga ahlukene okuchayeka. Leyo ndlela inciphisa ingozi yomjikelezo wokuphila ngoba iphuzu ngalinye lithola izinga lokuvikelwa elikudingayo ngempela.

Ucingo olungaqhumi lwezitshalo zamakhemikhali: isitifiketi, amazinga, kanye nalokho okufanele kucelwe ukuthenga

Isitifiketi siyingxenye yokukhetha evame ukwehluleka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwempahla, hhayi ngesikhathi sokwethulwa kokuthengisa. Abathengi kufanele bacele isitifiketi esiqondile, ukumaka, imiyalelo yokufaka, kanye nemikhawulo yokulungisa ngaphambi kokufaka i-oda.

Ngobunjiniyela bendawo enobungozi,I-ISO 80079-36isetshenziswa kabanzi emishinini eyenzelwe izimo eziqhumayo, ikakhulukazi lapho imithombo yokushisa engeyona kagesi kufanele icatshangelwe. Ukuze kube nokuqina kwendawo ebiyelwe kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, abathengi bezimboni bavame ukuhlanganisa ukubuyekezwa kwendawo eyingozi nesiqondiso sendawo ebiyelwe njengeUhlobo lwe-NEMA 4X. Ngokuhlela ukuphepha kwendawo e-United States,Izinsizakusebenza zezindawo eziyingozi ze-OSHAsiza ekwakheni umqondo wokuhlukanisa. Ngokuklama kokuxhumana okuphuthumayo, amaqembu ezitshalo avame futhi ukubonisana nezindinganiso zobunjiniyela zangaphakathi ezichaza lapho kudingeka khona ucingo oluphuthumayo lwezimboni oluzinikele uma kuqhathaniswa nalapho isandiso esijwayelekile samukeleka khona.

Ukuthengwa kufanele kudinge okungenani amadokhumenti amane:

1. Isitifiketi noma isimemezelo sokuvumelana ngqo nendawo eyingozi.
2. Umhlahlandlela wokufaka onemikhawulo yokungena kwekhebula kanye nokufakwa.
3. Isilinganiso semvelo kanye nokucaciswa kwezinto.
4. Inqubo yokulungisa nokuhlola.

Ngaphandle kwale mibhalo, umkhiqizo ungase ubonakale uvumelana nemithetho kodwa kube nzima ukuwuvuma ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Emaphrojekthini ezimboni, izikhala zemibhalo ziba izikhala zeshejuli.

Kubathengi abaqhathanisa abathengisi, ukuphelela kwamadokhumenti ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso esingcono sempumelelo yephrojekthi kunesaphulelo sentengo sesikhashana.

Lapho ukwakheka kokuxhumana kwangaphakathi kushintsha khona ukukhetha ucingo lwesitshalo samakhemikhali

Inethiwekhi yokuxhumana inquma ukuthi ucingo luyidivayisi yokuphepha ezimele noma luyingxenye yesistimu yokusabela ebanzi. Lokho kukhetha kushintsha imininingwane.

Uma isitshalo sisasebenzisa imigqa ye-analog, ucingo kumele luhlangane kahle ne-PBX ekhona noma i-hotline ephuthumayo. Uma isayithi selithuthele ku-VoIP, khona-ke ukuhambisana kwe-codec, ukuqina kwenethiwekhi, kanye namasu wamandla kuba yinto ebalulekile. Uma idivayisi iyingxenye yenethiwekhi yokusabela eziphuthumayo, ifoni ingadinga ukuziphatha kokudayela okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlela i-hotline, noma ukuhlanganiswa negumbi lokulawula. Esimweni ngasinye, ukwakheka kokuxhumana kushintsha isethi yehadiwe eyamukelekayo.

Izinhlelo ze-analog zivame ukuba lula ukuzigcina ezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima ngoba zingaba lula futhi zinganciki kakhulu ekushintsheni kwenethiwekhi. Izinhlelo ze-VoIP zingase zinikeze umzila ongcono, ukuxilonga, kanye nokuphathwa okuphakathi, kodwa futhi zethula ukuncika emandleni enethiwekhi, ukubambezeleka, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokucushwa. Ngokuxhumana okubalulekile kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali, amaqembu avame ukukhetha umklamo ongase usungule ukuxhumana ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi kahle kwengxenye.

Yingakho izimo zokusetshenziswa eziphuthumayo kufanele zihlelwe ngaphambi kokukhethwa komkhiqizo. Ucingo lokulungisa olusetshenziswa nsuku zonke, ucingo oluphuthumayo lwe-alamu, kanye nocingo oluphendula ezigamekweni akuzona njalo izinto ezifanayo.

Uma uthenga, buza ukuthi ngabe iyunithi iyakusekela yini ukushayela ucingo oluphuthumayo oluqondile, imodi yocingo oluphuthumayo, ukuziphatha okuphephile, kanye nokuhambisana nohlelo lokusekela amandla lwesayithi kanye nenethiwekhi. Lezi zici zivame ukubaluleka kakhulu kunokwakheka kwezimonyo.

Ithebula lokuqhathanisa: izinketho zocingo lwesitshalo samakhemikhali ngokwesimo sokusetshenziswa

Izindawo ezahlukene zezitshalo zidinga indlela ehlukile yokusebenza kocingo, futhi imodeli efanele incike endimeni yokusebenza.

Lokhu kuqhathanisa kubonisa ukuthi kungani amalebula omkhiqizo ewodwa enganele. Ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ekutheni iyunithi ifakwe kuphi nokuthi izosetshenziswa kanjani kokubili phakathi nokusebenza okuvamile kanye nemicimbi engavamile.

Indlela abathengi okufanele bahlole ngayo izindleko zokulungisa, izingxenye ezisele, kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila

Izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila zivame ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu kunentengo yokuqala yokuthenga ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali. Ucingo olushibhile ukuluthenga kodwa olubizayo ukulunakekela alubizi ngempela.

Qala ngokubuza ukuthi iyunithi idinga ukuhlolwa kangaki, yiziphi izingxenye ezingashintshwa, nokuthi umthengisi unikeza uhlu lwezingxenye ezingasetshenziswa. Ama-handset, izintambo, ama-keypad, ama-gasket, kanye nehadiwe yokufaka ngokuvamile kuyizinto zokuqala ezigugayo. Uma lezi zingxenye kunzima ukuzithola, isikhathi sokungasebenzi siyanda.

Okulandelayo, buyekeza izidingo zokuhlanza nokuhlola. Uma isitshalo sinezindlela zokulawula ukuhlanzeka noma ukungcola, ifoni kumele ihlanzeke ngaphandle kokulimaza izivalo noma amalebula. Uma indawo isebenza ngokuhlolwa njalo, inqubo yokulungisa kufanele ibe lula ngokwanele ukuthi ochwepheshe bayiqinisekise ngokushesha. Uma ukuhlolwa kulula, kulapho amathuba okuba yenziwe ngesikhathi esibekiwe aphezulu khona.

Kubathengi bephrojekthi, isilinganiso esisodwa esisebenzayo ukufinyeleleka kwesevisi. Idivayisi engahlolwa, ilungiswe, futhi ivalwe kabusha ngaphandle kwamathuluzi akhethekile ivame ukudala ukungezwani okuncane kokusebenza. Lokho kubalulekile ngoba izitshalo zamakhemikhali zivame ukuhlela ukulungiswa emafasiteleni amafushane.

Ukuhlela umjikelezo wokuphila kuhlanganisa nokuqina kwekhebula kanye nokufakwa. Izingxenye ezisele ezijwayelekile kumayunithi amaningi zinganciphisa umthwalo wempahla futhi zenze kube lula ukuqeqeshwa kokulungisa.

Amaphutha avamile lapho uthenga ucingo olungaqhumi lwezitshalo zamakhemikhali

Ukwehluleka okuningi kokuthenga kuvela ekungahleleki kahle, hhayi ekuntuleni isabelomali.

• Ukuthenga ngentengo kuphela nokuthola ifoni akuqinisekisiwe ngendawo yangempela.
• Ukunganaki ukusebenza kwe-acoustic kumayunithi anomsindo ophezulu.
• Ivikela ukugqwala, i-UV, noma ukuchayeka ekugezeni.
• Uma sicabanga ukuthi wonke amafoni ezimboni angashintshwa kuzo zonke izindawo zenqubo.
• Ukukhohlwa ukuqinisekisa imikhawulo yokufaka ngaphambi kokuqalisa kabusha indawo.

La maphutha angagwenywa uma umthengi ephatha ifoni njengempahla yezimboni ehlobene nokuphepha kunokuba ibe yinto esetshenziswayo. Esikhungweni samakhemikhali, imishini yokuxhumana kufanele isinde ezimweni zangempela zokusebenza, isekele ukuziphatha okuphuthumayo, futhi ihlale ingahlolwa.

Uhlu lokuhlola ukuthenga olusebenzayo lwamaqembu obunjiniyela kanye nokuthenga

Inqubo yokukhetha engcono kakhulu uhlu lokuhlola olufushane olusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuvunyelwa kobuchwepheshe.

1. Qinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo kanye nanoma yiziphi izingozi zothuli noma umusi.
2. Qinisekisa iqembu legesi elidingekayo kanye nesigaba sokushisa.
3. Isilinganiso sokufanisa indawo ebiyelwe, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nezidingo zokuchayeka ku-UV.
4. Hlola ukusebenza komsindo ngokumelene nomsindo wangempela wesitshalo.
5. Qinisekisa ukuhambisana kwamandla, inethiwekhi, kanye nomzila wokushaya ucingo.
6. Cela izitifiketi, imiyalelo yokufaka, kanye nemininingwane yokulungisa.
7. Buyekeza izingxenye ezisele kanye nokusekelwa kwesevisi yomjikelezo wokuphila.

Uma umkhiqizo udlula lezi zinyathelo eziyisikhombisa, cishe uzosebenza kahle ensimini.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa: ifoni engaqhumi yezitshalo zamakhemikhali

Iyini injongo eyinhloko yocingo olungaqhumi embonini yamakhemikhali?

Inhloso eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngokuxhumana okuphephile endaweni eyingozi ngaphandle kokudala umthombo wokuthungela, kuyilapho kusasetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo nasezimweni zezimboni ezinomsindo.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngidinga ucingo olusebenza endaweni eyingozi noma ucingo oluvamile lwezimboni?

Uma indawo yokufaka isendaweni ehlukanisiwe enengozi yegesi evuthayo, umusi, noma uthuli, udinga ucingo lwendawo eyingozi oluhambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwendawo; ifoni ejwayelekile yezimboni ayanele.

Yisiphi isilinganiso se-IP esivame ukunconywa ocingweni lwezitshalo zamakhemikhali?

Amaphrojekthi amaningi afuna i-IP66 noma i-IP67 kuye ngokuthi i-washdown ikuphi, ukuvezwa ngaphandle, kanye nezimo zothuli, kodwa imfuneko yokugcina kufanele ilandele indawo yesayithi kanye nendlela yokufaka.

Kungani ikhwalithi yomsindo ibaluleke kangaka ekuxhumaneni okuphuthumayo kwezimboni?

Ngoba ngesikhathi sesigameko, abaqhubi bangase babe ngaphansi kokucindezeleka futhi indawo ingaba nomsindo, ngakho-ke ifoni enzima ukuyizwa ingalibazisa impendulo ngisho noma ihambisana nobuchwepheshe.

Ingabe imodeli eyodwa yocingo engaqhumi ingasetshenziswa yonke indawo esitshalweni samakhemikhali?

Ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa hhayi njalo; izindawo ezahlukene zivame ukuba namazinga okuchayeka ahlukene, izimo zomsindo, kanye nezidingo zokuhlukaniswa, ngakho-ke imodeli eyodwa ingase ingabi ngcono kakhulu kuwo wonke amaphuzu.

Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele ngiwacele ngaphambi kokuthenga?

Cela idokhumenti yesitifiketi noma yokuhambisana, umhlahlandlela wokufaka, idatha yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye ne-IP, kanye nemiyalelo yokulungisa ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana ngaphambi kokuyiqalisa.

Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila?

Khetha imodeli elula yokuhlola, izingxenye ezisele ezitholakalayo, ukwakhiwa okumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuhambisana kokufakwa nezindinganiso zesitshalo sakho ukuze ukulungiswa kuhlale kulula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuze kuhlelwe kangcono izinga lomkhiqizo, amaqembu avame ukuqhathanisa idivayisi nedivayisi ebanziikhathalogi yomkhiqizo wokuxhumana kwezimboni, bese unciphisa ukukhetha ngohlobo lohlelo lokusebenza olufana nokuthiucingo lwezimboni, ucingo oluvikela isimo sezulu, ucingo olumelana nokucekela phansi, futhiucingo oluphuthumayoLokho kuqhathanisa kusiza abathengi ukuhlukanisa izidingo zendawo eyingozi nezidingo ezivamile zokuqina, ezingafani.