Indlela Yokukhetha Izingcingo Zezimboni Zezindawo Eziyingozi

Isingeniso

Ukukhetha izingcingo zezimboni zezindawo eziyingozi kusho ukulinganisela ukusebenza kokuxhumana nokuhambisana ngokuqinile nokuphepha. Ezindaweni lapho kungase kube khona amagesi avuthayo, umusi, noma uthuli oluvuthayo, idivayisi engalungile ingaletha izingozi ezinkulu zokusebenza kanye nokusha. Lesi sihloko sichaza izici ezibalulekile okufanele ziqondise izinqumo zokuthenga, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi, izindlela zokuvikela ezingaqhumi kanye nezokuphepha ngaphakathi, ukuqina ezimweni ezinzima, ukuthembeka kwenethiwekhi namandla, kanye nezidingo zokusebenzisa eziphuthumayo. Ekugcineni, abafundi bazoba nohlaka olusebenzayo lokuqhathanisa izingcingo zezimboni kanye nokufanisa inketho ngayinye nezindinganiso zokuphepha zesayithi, izidingo zemvelo, kanye nezidingo zokuxhumana.

Kungani izingcingo zezimboni eziyingozi zidinga ukukhethwa okuqinile

Ukuthola izingcingo zezimboni ezindaweni eziyingozi kudinga ukuhlolwa okujulile kobuchwepheshe okudlulela ngale kokuthenga okuvamile kwezokuxhumana. Ezikhungweni ezicubungula ama-hydrocarbon aguquguqukayo, uthuli oluvuthayo, noma amakhemikhali asebenzayo, amadivayisi okuxhumana kagesi amelela imithombo yokushisa engaba khona. Ngakho-ke inqubo yokukhetha kumele ivumelanise ngokuqinileingaqhuminoma izindlela eziphephile ngokwemvelo ezinesidingo sokuxhumana okungaphazanyiswa, okucacile ezindaweni ezinama-decibel aphezulu, nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izingozi zokusebenza, isikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanye nezidingo zokuxhumana eziphuthumayo

Ingozi yokusebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi isho ukuthi ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana isebenza njengomthombo obalulekile wokuphila kunokuba kube lula nje ukusebenza. Uma kwenzeka isenzakalo esingavamile, ikhono lokuxhumanisa ukuvalwa okuphuthumayo noma ukususwa kungavimbela ukulahlekelwa yimpahla okuyingozi kanye nokufa. Isikhathi sokungasebenzi kulezi zindawo sibiza kakhulu; isibonelo, ukumiswa kokukhiqiza okungalindelekile epulatifomu yokumba ogwini noma emshinini wokuhluza uphethiloli kungadala ukulahlekelwa kwezezimali okungaphezu kuka-$500,000 ngosuku.

Izingcingo zezimboni kumele zisebenze kahle phakathi nalezi zici ezibalulekile. Lokhu kudinga i-topologies yenethiwekhi engadingeki kanye nezindlela zamandla eziphephile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isixhumanisi sokuxhumana sihlala sisebenza ngisho nalapho ugesi ungasebenzi endaweni ethile. Isivinini kanye nokucaca kwemisebenzi yokusabela eziphuthumayo kuhambisana ngqo nokuthembeka kwehadiwe yokuxhumana yesayithi.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi kanye nemibono yokuvikela

Ukuzulazula ekuhlukanisweni kwezindawo eziyingozi kuyisinyathelo esiyisisekelo ekukhetheni imishini. Izinhlaka zomthetho zomhlaba wonke zihlukanisa lezi zindawo ngokusekelwe ekuvameni kanye nobude bezenzakalo zomkhathi oqhumayo.Isiqondiso se-ATEXkanye nohlelo lwe-IECEx lusebenzisa indlela esekelwe ku-Zone, kanti i-North American National Electrical Code (NEC) incike ohlelweni lwe-Class and Division. Ukucacisa ucingo kudinga ukuvumelanisa umqondo wokuvikela idivayisi—njengokuphepha kwangaphakathi (Ex i), ukungashisi ilangabi (Ex d), noma ukuphepha okwandisiwe (Ex e)—nezidingo ezithile ze-zone.

Idivayisi elinganiswe nge-Zone 1 kumele imelane nezimo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuxubana kwegesi eqhumayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, kanti idivayisi ye-Zone 2 yenzelwe izindawo lapho ukuxubana okunjalo kungenzeki khona futhi kuqhubeke isikhathi esingaphansi kwamahora ayi-10 ngonyaka. Ukukhetha ucingo olunomqondo wokuvikela ongalungile kuqeda izinqubo zokuphepha zesikhungo futhi kubeke engcupheni yokushisa okukhulu.

Izinqubo zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho zocingo lwezimboni olusendaweni eyingozi

Ngale kokuvikela ukuqhuma okuyisisekelo, ocingo bezimboni kumele bahlangabezane nezimfuneko zobuchwepheshe eziqinile ukuze basinde ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo, ezithinta kakhulu, nezishisa kakhulu ngenkathi beletha ukusebenza kokuxhumana kwezingcingo ezingeni lebhizinisi emaphethelweni esikhungo.

Izitifiketi, ukuvikelwa kokungena, kanye nezilinganiso zemvelo

Nakuba izitifiketi ziqinisekisa imiqondo yokuvikela, izilinganiso zemvelo zinquma isikhathi sokusebenza kwehadiwe. Izingcingo zezimboni eziyingozi ngokuvamile zidingaisilinganiso sokuvikelwa kokungenaokungenani i-IP66 noma i-IP67 ukuvimbela ukungena kothuli nokumelana namajethi amanzi anomfutho ophezulu ngesikhathi sokuhlanzwa kwesakhiwo okuvamile.

Ukumelana nokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Amadivayisi asetshenziswa ezindaweni zikawoyela zase-Arctic noma ezindaweni zokuhluza zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi kumele agcine isitifiketi kanye nokusebenza kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa aphakathi asukela ku--40°C kuya ku-+70°C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubekezelela umswakama kumele kuhambisane nezindawo ezingafinyeleli ku-95% ukuze kuvinjelwe izifunda ezimfushane zangaphakathi ezingabeka engcupheni izithiyo zokuphepha zangaphakathi.

Izidingo zokuxhumana, amandla, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu

Ukwakhiwa kokuxhumana kuthonya kakhulu ukukhethwa kwezingcingo zezimboni. Izakhiwo zesimanje ziya ngokuya zikhetha i-Voice kune-Internet Protocol (VoIP) esebenzisa i-Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) kunemigqa ye-analog endala. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-VoIP kuvumela ukuxilongwa okuthuthukisiwe, ukuphathwa okuphakathi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Private Branch Exchange (PBX) okungenamthungo.

Kodwa-ke, ukulethwa kwamandla ezindaweni eziyingozi kwenza kube nzima ukuthunyelwa kwe-VoIP. Amandla Ajwayelekile phezu kwe-Ethernet (PoE) ngaphansi kwe-IEEE 802.3af aletha amandla afinyelela ku-15.4W, okumele aphathwe ngokucophelela noma ahlukaniswe kusetshenziswa izithiyo eziqinisekisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga amandla ahlala ngaphansi komkhawulo wokushiswa komkhathi ozungezile. Kumasistimu e-analog, izintambo zocingo eziphephile ngokwangaphakathi zidinga izithiyo ze-Zener ezikhethekile ukuze zikhawulele i-voltage kanye nogesi kumapharamitha aphephile.

Ukuqina kwemishini, ukusebenza komsindo, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula

Ukuqina kwemishini kanye nokusebenza komsindo kuthinta ngqo ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima. Izivalo zivame ukwenziwa nge-Glass-Reinforced Polyester (GRP), i-aluminium ehlanganisiwe, noma insimbi engagqwali engu-316L, ngayinye inikeza ukumelana okuhlukile komthelela wemishini kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali.

Ukusebenza komsindo kubaluleke kakhulu; umsindo ozungezile egumbini le-compressor noma esitshalweni sokunyathela uvame ukwedlula u-85 dB(A). Ukuze kulungiswe, izingcingo zezimboni kumele zibe nomthamo wokukhala okungenani ongu-90 kuya ku-95 dB(A) ebangeni elingamamitha angu-1. Lokhu kufanele kuhlanganiswe nama-microphone akhansela umsindo akwazi ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-15 kuya ku-20 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) ukuze kudluliselwe idatha yezwi ecacile ngemishini yangemuva.

Indlela yokuhlola abahlinzeki kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila

Ukuhlola abahlinzeki bezingcingo zezimboni eziyingozi kudinga ukushintsha kusuka ekubalweni kokuqala kwezindleko ezinkulu (i-CapEx) kuya kumamodeli aphelele ezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (i-TCO), kubhekwe ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside, ukwesekwa kwabathengisi, kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye.

Ukuqhathanisa imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe kubo bonke abahlinzeki

Uma kuqhathaniswa imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe kubo bonke abahlinzeki, amaqembu okuthenga kumele aqinisekise ngokuqinile ubuqiniso kanye nobubanzi bezitifiketi. Isitifiketi se-Notified Body kumele simboze imodeli kanye nokucushwa okuthengwayo, hhayi nje izinto zokuvala ezingavuthiwe.

Ngaphandle kokuthobela imithetho, ukuhlola ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza kubalulekile. Abahlinzeki abaphezulu babonisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, behlose izinga lokukhubazeka kwehadiwe elingaphansi kuka-0.5% kumadivayisi okuxhumana abalulekile. Abathengi kufanele futhi babuyekeze irekhodi lomhlinzeki ngendlela efanayo.imikhakha yezimboni, befuna izakhiwo zokubhekisela eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemishini kumaphrofayili okusebenza afanayo.

Izingxenye ezisele, ukulungiselelwa, izikhathi zokukhokha, kanye nezindleko eziphelele

Izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila kocingo lwezimboni zidlulela ngale kwentengo yalo yokuqala yokuthenga, evame ukusuka ku-$800 kuya ku-$2,500 kuye ngezinga lesitifiketi, izinto zokwakha, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe. Ukugcinwa, ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele, kanye nokukwazi ukusebenza kahle kuqhuba i-TCO yesikhathi eside esikhathini sokuphila okulindelekile seminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15 yokusebenza.

Abathengi kumele bahlole izikhathi zokulethwa komhlinzeki kokubili amayunithi aphelele kanye nezingxenye zokufaka esikhundleni. Ngenxa yokukhiqiza okukhethekile kanye nokuhlolwa kokucindezela komuntu ngamunye okudingekayo ukuze kuvikelwe ama-flameproof (Ex d), izikhathi zokulethwa komkhiqizo ezijwayelekile zingasukela emavikini ayi-6 kuya kwayi-12. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola i-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) kubalulekile; izingcingo zezimboni ezisezingeni eliphezulu kufanele zinikeze i-MTBF engaphezu kwamahora angu-50,000 ukuze kuncishiswe ukungenelela kokulungisa ezindaweni eziyingozi, ezidinga izimvume zokusebenza ezibizayo kanye nabasebenzi abakhethekile.

Inqubo ewusizo yokukhetha ucingo olufanele lwezimboni

Ukusebenzisa isu lokuthenga eliphumelelayo lezingcingo zezimboni ezinobungozi kudinga indlela ehlelekile, esebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene elinganisela ukuhambisana nokuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wezezimali.

Ukuqondanisa ubunjiniyela, i-EHS, imisebenzi, kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla

Inqubo yokukhetha kumele ihlanganise izinto eziza kuqala zeminyango eminingi. Amaqembu Ezemvelo, Ezempilo, Nokuphepha (EHS) kumele aqinisekise ukuthi izitifiketi ze-ATEX noma ze-IECEx zedivayisi zihambisana kahle nokuhlolwa kwezingozi kwendawo kanye nemidwebo yezindawo eziyingozi zesikhungo.

Iminyango yobunjiniyela kanye ne-IT kumele iqinisekise ukuhambisana kwenethiwekhi, yabela i-bandwidth eyanele—ngokuvamile cishe i-80 kuya ku-100 kbps ngocingo lwe-VoIP olusebenzayo—futhi iqinisekise ukusebenzisana kwe-PBX. Amaqembu okusebenza amele abasebenzisi bokugcina futhi kumele aqinisekise ukuthi umklamo ongokoqobo, njengekhibhodi ezinkulu noma izinkinobho ze-magnetic hook, uvumela abasebenzi abagqoke imishini yokuzivikela esindayo (i-PPE). Ukuthengwa kwempahla kusebenza njengomhleli, oqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zidingo zobuchwepheshe ziyahlangatshezwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yesabelomali eqondiwe.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kanye nenqubo yokukhetha

Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ehlelekile inciphisa izingozi zokufakwa. Isinyathelo sokuqala sihilela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwendawo ukuze kuhlolwe imingcele yezindawo eziyingozi kanye nokukala amazinga omsindo ozungezile ayisisekelo, okuqondisa imininingwane edingekayo ye-acoustic.

Okulandelayo, onjiniyela kumele bahlole ingqalasizinda ekhona ukuze banqume ukuthi ngabe isikhungo singasekela yini amanethiwekhi e-PoE anamuhla noma ukuthi imigqa yethusi endala enezithiyo zokuphepha zangaphakathi kufanele isetshenziswe. Okokugcina, ukwenza isivivinyo sokuhlola ngeqoqo elincane lezingcingo endaweni yokusebenza emele kuvumela amaqembu ukuthi aqinisekise ukucaca komsindo, ukuzinza kwenethiwekhi, kanye nokuqina komshini ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekuqalisweni kwesikhungo sonke.

Amaphutha okuthenga avamile kanye nohlaka lwesinqumo sokugcina

Iphutha elivame ukwenzeka ekuthengeni imishini ngokweqile, njengokufaka ucingo oluqinisekiswe yi-Zone 1 endaweni ye-Zone 2. Ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha, lokhu kungakhuphula ngokungadingekile izindleko zamayunithi ngo-30% kuya ku-50% futhi kube nzima ngokungadingekile izinqubo zokulungisa ngenxa yezindawo ezisindayo nezinamabhawodi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungacacisi kahle ukuvikelwa kwemvelo—njengokukhetha isilinganiso se-IP54 sokufakwa kogu lwangaphandle—kuqinisekisa ukwehluleka kwehadiwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ekugqwaleni kosawoti kanye nokungena komswakama. Ngakho-ke uhlaka lwesinqumo sokugcina kumele lusekelwe ekuvumelanisweni okunembile kwesitifiketi socingo, ukuqina kwemvelo, kanye nokusebenza kwe-acoustic nendawo ethile encane yendawo ehlosiwe yokufaka. Ngokunamathela kule ndlela eqinile, abaqhubi bezimboni bavikela ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana eqinile evikela abasebenzi futhi iqinisekise ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokusebenza.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu sezingcingo zezimboni
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yisiphi isitifiketi okufanele ifoni yezimboni ibe naso ezindaweni eziyingozi?

Qondanisa ifoni nesigaba sesayithi lakho kuqala. Kumaphrojekthi amaningi omhlaba wonke, funa isitifiketi se-ATEX noma se-IECEx, bese uqinisekisa i-Zone eqondile kanye nomqondo wokuvikela njenge-Ex d noma i-Ex i ku-nameplate.

Ingabe i-IP66 yanele ocingweni lwezimboni oluyingozi?

I-IP66 ivame ukuba yisinqumo esincane kakhulu sokuvikela uthuli kanye nokuwasha. Uma ifoni ibhekene nemvula enkulu, i-spray yolwandle, noma ukuhlanza njalo, i-IP67 inganikeza umkhawulo owengeziwe wokuvala.

Ingabe kufanele ngikhethe i-VoIP noma i-analog endaweni eyingozi?

Khetha i-SIP/VoIP uma udinga ukuhlanganiswa kwe-PBX, ukuxilongwa okukude, kanye nokuphathwa okuhlanganisiwe. Khetha i-analog uma uhlelo olukhona lusekelwe ku-industry noma lapho ukuthembeka okulula kwe-point-to-point kuyinto eza kuqala.

Yiziphi izici zomsindo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zezimboni ezinomsindo?

Beka phambili izingidi zokukhala ezinomsindo ophezulu, ama-handset noma ama-microphone aqeda umsindo, kanye nomsindo ocacile we-duplex. Ezimayini, ezindaweni zokuhluza, kanye nezindawo zokuthutha, hlola futhi ukuhambisana kwezinsiza zokuzwa kanye nezinkinobho ezilungele amagilavu.

Kungani kufanele uthole izingcingo zezimboni eziyingozi eSiniwo?

I-Siniwo igxile ekuxhumaneni kwezimboni ezindaweni ezinzima, inikeza amafoni angaqhumi futhi angangenisi isimo sezulu, futhi isekela ukuklama, ukuhlanganiswa, ukufakwa, kanye nokugcinwa kahle ngokukhiqiza ngaphakathi kanye nemikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe.