Indlela Yokukhetha Amafoni Aphuthumayo Angaphandle Ezindaweni Ezinzima

Kungani Izingcingo Eziphuthumayo Zangaphandle Ziyizinhlelo Zokuphepha Ezibalulekile

Amafoni ezimo eziphuthumayo angaphandle asebenza njengezindlela ezibalulekile zokuphila ezindaweni lapho ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana ejwayelekile ingatholakali, ingathembekile, noma ingafinyeleleki ngesikhathi senhlekelele. Ngenkathi ukusabalala kwamadivayisi eselula kushintshe izindlela zokuxhumana ezijwayelekile, izikhungo zezimboni ezinobungozi obukhulu, amakhampasi amakhulu amanyuvesi, kanye nemizila yokuhamba ekude kusadinga ihadiwe yokuxhumana ezinikele, eqondile. Lezi zinhlelo ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana okusheshayo, okungaguquki kwabathumeli bezimo eziphuthumayo, zidlula iziguquguquko zezindawo ezifile, amabhethri afile, kanye nokuminyana kwenethiwekhi.

Ukufakwa kwalezi zinhlelo kudlula ukulula okuyisisekelo; kuyisici esiyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwezingozi zezikhungo kanye nobunjiniyela bokuphepha kokuphila. Ngokusungula indawo yokuxhumana ebonakala kakhulu, izinhlangano zigcwalisa umsebenzi wazo wokunakekela ngenkathi zilula kakhulu ukuhamba kwesimo esiphuthumayo. Ukuqonda indima eqondile kanye nezidingo zokusebenza zala madivayisi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sobunjiniyela besistimu yokuphepha eqinile.

Ukunciphisa Isikhathi Sokuphendula kanye Nesibopho

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wocingo oluphuthumayo lwangaphandle ukuqeda ukungezwani phakathi nezikhathi zokuqala ezibalulekile zesigameko. Ecingweni olujwayelekile lweselula i-911, abathumeli kumele bavame ukuthembela ku-triangulation yeselula ukuze banqume indawo yomshayeli, inqubo engadla isikhathi esibalulekile futhi iveze imiphumela enganembile, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezinamazinga amaningi noma ezindaweni zezimboni ezixineneyo. Amafoni aphuthumayo aqondile afakwe ikhodi eqinile ngedatha eqondile yendawo ohlelweni lwegatsha oluzimele (PBX) noma uhlelo lokuthumela olusekelwa yikhompyutha (CAD).

Lokhu kuhlonza indawo okuhlelwe kusengaphambili kunciphisa izikhathi zokuqala impendulo eziphuthumayo ngesilinganiso samasekhondi angu-40 kuya kwangu-60 uma kuqhathaniswa nezingcingo ezijwayelekile zeselula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo kunciphisa umthwalo wemfanelo wezikhungo. Ngokuhlinzeka ngokuxhumana okuphuthumayo okuthembekile nokufinyelelekayo, izinhlangano zibonisa ukuthobela izibopho zomsebenzi wokunakekelwa, okungaba nomthelela omuhle kumaphrimiyamu omshwalense futhi kuvikeleke ezimangalweni zokunganaki uma kwenzeka izehlakalo zokuphepha ezinkulu noma izingozi zomsebenzi.

Ukuchaza Izingcingo Eziphuthumayo Zendawo Enzima

Imishini yokuxhumana ejwayelekile yonakala ngokushesha uma ibhekene nezinto ezicindezelayo zemvelo. Ucingo oluphuthumayo olunemvelo enzima lwenzelwe ngqo ukusinda ezimweni ezingabhubhisa ngokushesha izinto zikagesi zezinga lokuhweba. Lawa mayunithi akhelwe ukusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokushisa okukhulu, ngokuvamile alinganiselwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kusukela ku--40°C kuya ku-+70°C (-40°F kuya ku-+158°F).

Ngale kokumelana nokushisa, amafoni emvelo eqinile aqukethe amabhodi esifunda aphrintiwe ahlanganiswe nge-conformal-coated (ama-PCB) ukuvimbela amasekethe amafushane abangelwa ukujiya, umswakama ophezulu, noma amagesi omoya agqwalisayo. Izingxenye zangaphakathi zikhethwa ukuze ziphile isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokuvamile zine-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) edlula amahora angu-50,000. Lokhu kuqina kwesakhiwo kanye ne-elekthronikhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ihlala isebenza ngokugcwele ngisho nangemva kweminyaka yokuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV, imijikelezo yokuqandisa, kanye nezinhlayiya ezisemoyeni.

Izicelo Ezivamile Zefoni Eziphuthumayo Zangaphandle

Ukuthunyelwa kweamafoni ezimo eziphuthumayo angaphandleihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi, ngayinye inezidingo ezihlukile zemvelo nezokusebenza. Iziphathimandla zezokuthutha zithembele kakhulu kulezi zinhlelo, zifaka amabhokisi okushayela emigwaqweni emikhulu ngezikhawu zamamayela angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 ukusiza abashayeli abavaleleke ngaphandle kwenethiwekhi yeselula ethembekile. Ngokufanayo, amapulatifomu esitimela kanye nemigudu yezokuthutha engaphansi komhlaba isebenzisa lawa mayunithi ukuphatha ukuphepha kwabagibeli nokubika izimo eziphuthumayo eziseceleni komzila.

Emkhakheni wezimboni, izitshalo zamakhemikhali kaphethiloli, izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi amdaka, kanyeimisebenzi yezimayinifaka amafoni ezimo eziphuthumayo aphephile ngokwemvelo ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona amagesi aqhumayo noma uthuli oluvuthayo. Amakhampasi ezemfundo nawezinkampani amelela olunye uhlelo lokusebenza olukhulu, lapho imibhoshongo yezimo eziphuthumayo yokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibekwe khona ngendlela efanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma ubani uhlala engaphakathi komugqa wamamitha angu-200 kuya kwangu-300 wokubona indawo yokuxhumana, ukuvimbela ubugebengu nokunikeza usizo olusheshayo ngesikhathi semicimbi yokuphepha.

Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe Ebalulekile Okufanele Ihlolwe

Ukuhlola imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yamafoni aphuthumayo angaphandle kudinga indlela eqinile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe ihambisana nezingozi ezithile zesayithi. Izinqumo zokuthenga kumele ziqhutshwe idatha yobufakazi kanye nezilinganiso zokuhlola ezijwayelekile kunezici zokuklama ezingabalulekile. Inhloso eyinhloko ukufanisa amakhono efoni nezimo ezimbi kakhulu zemvelo ezobhekana nazo.

Abaqondisi bezokuphepha kanye nabahlanganisi bezinhlelo kumele bahlaziye izizinda ezintathu zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko: izilinganiso zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokwenyama, ukuhambisana kwamandla kanye nengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi. Ukuntuleka kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindawo kungalimaza yonke inethiwekhi yokuphepha ngesikhathi sesehlakalo esibucayi.

Izilinganiso ze-IP kanye nezilinganiso zomthelela we-IK

Izilinganiso zokuvikela ukungena (IP) kanye nokuvikela umthelela (IK) ziyizilinganiso eziqondile zokuhlola ukuqina komzimba kwefoni. Uhlelo lokulinganisa i-IP lulawula ikhono lendawo evalekile lokubuyisa uthuli nomswakama. Ezindaweni zangaphandle nezinzima, isilinganiso se-IP66 (esingangeni uthuli futhi esivikelwe kumajethi amanzi anamandla) yizinga eliphansi, kuyilapho i-IP67 (ekwazi ukucwiliswa okwesikhashana kufika kumitha eli-1) iyadingeka ezindaweni ezivame ukukhukhulwa yizikhukhula noma ezindaweni zasolwandle.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo yisilinganiso se-IK, esilinganisa ukumelana kwe-enclosure ekushayweni yimishini kanye nokucekelwa phansi. Isilinganiso se-IK10 sibonisa ukuthi idivayisi ingamelana nokushaywa kwama-joules angu-20, okulingana nesisindo esingu-5 kg ​​esiwe sisuka ku-400 mm ngaphezu kobuso bokushaywa. Amadivayisi angenazo izilinganiso ze-IK ezanele asengozini enkulu yokubhujiswa ngamabomu noma ukushaywa ngengozi okuvela emishinini esindayo.

Izinketho Zamandla Nokuxhumana

Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kuncike emandleni aqinile kanye nokwakhiwa kokuxhumana. Amafoni aphuthumayo asekelwe ku-IP yesimanje asebenzisa kakhulu i-Power over Ethernet (PoE), ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ze-802.3af (15.4W) noma i-802.3at (PoE+ kuze kufike ku-30W). I-PoE yenza kube lula ukufaka ngokuhlanganisa amandla nedatha phezu kwekhebula elilodwa le-Cat5e/Cat6, yize inqunyelwe umkhawulo webanga le-Ethernet elingamamitha ayi-100 ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswa izandiso noma iziguquli ze-fiber optic.

Ezindaweni ezikude lapho ukucheba imisele kubiza kakhulu, kusetshenziswa ukwakheka kwamandla elanga okuhlanganiswe nokuxhumana kwamaselula (4G LTE noma 5G). Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukusebenza kumabhethri e-12V noma angu-24V DC aklanyelwe ukunikeza izinsuku ezi-5 kuya kwezingu-7 zokuzimela phakathi nezikhathi ezinde zokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi. Ngengqalasizinda yesikhathi esidlule, imigqa ye-analog POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) isasekelwa abakhiqizi abaningi, yize lokhu kudinga imigqa yethusi ezinikele futhi kuya ngokuya kususwa ukuze kusetshenziswe izixazululo ze-VoIP ezisekelwe ku-SIP.

Ikhwalithi Yomsindo, Ukubonakala, kanye Nokufinyeleleka

Ezindaweni eziphithizelayo, ikhwalithi yomsindo yocingo oluphuthumayo inganquma impumelelo yomsebenzi wokutakula. Amafoni asesimweni esibucayi kumele afake i-Digital Signal Processing (DSP) ethuthukisiwe kanye nokukhanselwa kwe-acoustic echo. Amayunithi aphezulu ayakwazi ukuhlunga umsindo wangemuva ofinyelela ku-85 dB, okuqinisekisa ukuthi abathumeli bayakwazi ukuzwa kahle umuntu oshaya ucingo ngisho naseduze kwezimoto ezinkulu noma imishini emikhulu yezimboni.

Ukubonakala nokufinyeleleka kuyimingcele yobuchwepheshe elawulwa kakhulu. Izibani ze-strobe ezinamandla kakhulu, ezivame ukukhupha amandla ekhandlela afinyelela ku-1 million kuya ku-1.5 million, zihlanganiswe ukuze ziqondise abasebenzisi ocingweni futhi zisize abasebenzi bezokuphepha ukuthi bathole ucingo olusebenzayo ngokubona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kuhambisane noMthetho WaseMelika Okhubazekile (i-ADA), izinkinobho zokucindezela ngokomzimba kumele zifakwe phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-34 kuya kwangu-48 ukusuka phansi noma phansi okuqediwe, kudinga amandla angaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-5 ukuze kusebenze, futhi kumele zihambisane nezimpawu ze-Braille kanye nezinkomba ze-LED zesimo sokushaya ucingo.

Ukuqhathanisa Izinhlobo Zefoni Eziphuthumayo Ezingangeni Isimo Sezulu

Ukwakheka okubonakalayo kwefoni ephuthumayo kunquma ukusinda kwayo kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila. Ukukhetha isici esifanele sefomu kanye nezinto ezivalekile kuncike kakhulu endaweni ethile yokufaka, ukutholakala kwezakhiwo ezikhona zokufaka, kanye nezinga losongo olulindelekile oluvela kokubili emvelweni nasekuphazamisekeni kwabantu.

Abahlanganisi bezokuphepha kumele balinganise izinzuzo zezakhiwo ezibonakala kakhulu, ezizimele ngokuqhathanisa nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle kwendawo kwamayunithi afakwe odongeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda izakhiwo zensimbi kanye nezamakhemikhali zezindawo ezivalekile kuzovimbela ukwehluleka kwehadiwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yokugqwala, ukuwohloka kwe-UV, noma ukulimala ngokomzimba.

Izinto Zokuvala Nokuqina

Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwefoni ephuthumayo yangaphandle kuhlotshaniswa nezinto zayo ezivalekile. Ezindaweni ezisogwini, amapulatifomu asogwini, noma izifunda ezisebenzisa usawoti osindayo womgwaqo, insimbi engagqwali engu-316L yezinga lolwandle iyindlela engcono kakhulu. Ukwengezwa kwe-molybdenum ku-alloy engu-316L kukhulisa kakhulu ukumelana kwayo nemigodi ebangelwa yi-chloride, okuvumela lawa mayunithi ukuthi asinde ekuhlolweni kwe-salt spray okungaphezu kwamahora ayi-1,000 ngaphandle kokuwohloka kwesakhiwo.

Ukuze kube nezimo ezingaboli kakhulu kodwa ezingokomzimba kakhulu, izimbobo ze-aluminium ezisindayo ezimbozwe ngopende we-polyester omelana ne-UV zinikeza ibhalansi enhle kakhulu yesisindo, izindleko, kanye nokuqina. Ngokuphambene nalokho, insimbi egoqekile ebandayo (ngisho noma iphathwa) kufanele igwenywe ezindaweni zangaphandle ezinzima, njengoba noma yikuphi ukuklwebheka okujulile okungena embozweni kuzoholela ekushiseni okusheshayo nasekugqwaleni.

Amafoni Ahambayo vs Amabhokisi Okushaya Afakwe Odongeni

Ukukhetha phakathi kwama-pedestal phone (avame ukubizwa ngokuthi imibhoshongo yokukhanya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) nama-call box afakwe odongeni kuhilela ukuhwebelana okukhulu kwezokuthutha kanye nezezimali. Ama-pedestal phone ayizimbobo ezibonakalayo kakhulu, ngokuvamile angamafidi angu-9 kuya kwangu-10 ubude. Asebenza njengesivikelo esinamandla sengqondo ebugebengwini futhi ahlinzeka nge-beacon engu-360-degree kubantu abasosizini. Kodwa-ke, adinga ubunjiniyela bomphakathi obukhulu, okuhlanganisa izisekelo zekhonkrithi ezithelwe kanye nokufakwa kwemisele ejulile yepayipi, okwenza izindleko ezifakiwe zibe ngu-$2,000 kuya ku-$5,000+ ngeyunithi ngayinye.

Amabhokisi okushaya ucingo afakwe odongeni noma afakwe ezinsikeni anikeza isithiyo esiphansi kakhulu sokungena. Ngokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ekhona—njengezakhiwo zangaphambili, izinsika zesakhiwo, noma izinsika zokukhanya ezikhona—lawa mayunithi anciphisa kakhulu izindleko zomsebenzi wokwakha. Nakuba engenalo ukubonakala okuphakeme kwesisekelo, asebenza kahle kakhulu emagalaji okupaka, emaphethelweni esakhiwo, nangaphakathi kwemizila yezimboni lapho isikhala siphezulu khona.

Iziteshi Zokushaya Izingcingo Ezingabizi Kakhulu Uma Ziqhathaniswa Nezingcingo Eziphuthumayo Eziqinile

Amaqembu okuthenga avame ukulinganisa izindleko zeziteshi zokushaya ucingo ezishibhile nezingcingo eziphuthumayo eziqinile nezinzima. Amayunithi ebhizinisi alula, avame ukwakhiwa nge-polycarbonate noma izinsimbi ezincane, ngokuvamile asukela ku-$300 kuya ku-$600. Nakuba engabizi kakhulu, lawa mayunithi ngokuvamile awanakho ukuvalwa kwemvelo kwangaphakathi futhi avame ukushaqeka yi-UV, ngokuvamile adinga ukushintshwa kungakapheli iminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 lapho evezwa elangeni eliqondile kanye nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, amafoni aphuthumayo aqinile adinga izindleko ezinkulu, ngokuvamile asukela ku-$1,200 kuya ku-$3,000+ ngehadiwe kuphela. Kodwa-ke, lawa mayunithi aklanyelwe iminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-20 yokuphila. Anezikulufo ezingaphazamisi ukuphambuka, izintambo zesandla eziqinile (ezikwazi ukumelana namandla okudonsa afinyelela kumakhilogremu angu-800), kanye nokuzivala ngokwazo.iminyango engangenisi isimo sezuluEzindaweni ezinzima, i-ROI yamayunithi aqinile itholakala ngokususa imijikelezo yokushintsha njalo kanye nokunciphisa umsebenzi wokulungisa.

Ukuthobela, Ukuhlanganisa, kanye Nokugcina

Ukufakwa kwehadiwe kumelela isigaba sokuqala kuphela sokusungula inethiwekhi yokuxhumana ephuthumayo ethembekile. Ukusebenza kahle kwangempela kohlelo lwefoni oluphuthumayo lwangaphandle kulele ekuhambisaneni kwalo nezindinganiso zomthetho, ukuhlanganiswa kwalo okungenazinkinga emisebenzini yokuphepha ephakathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinqubo zokulungisa eziqinile nezizenzakalelayo.

Ibhokisi lokushaya ucingo elihlukanisiwe, elingaqashiwe liyisibopho kunokuba libe yimpahla. Amasu okuxhumana okuphuthumayo anamuhla adinga ukuthi la ma-endpoint asebenze njengama-node ahlakaniphile ngaphakathi kohlelo lokuphepha lwe-Internet of Things (IoT) olubanzi, ahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ngesimo sawo sokusebenza kanye nokuqwashisa ngesimo ngesikhathi somcimbi.

Izindinganiso Zokuphepha, Ukufinyeleleka, Ugesi, kanye Nezokuxhumana

Ukuthobela imithetho kubeka imigomo eqinile yezinhlelo zokuxhumana eziphuthumayo. ENyakatho Melika, uMthetho WaseMelika Okhubazekile (i-ADA) ubeka izilinganiso ezithile zomzimba, izidingo zokuthinteka, kanye nezindlela ezimbili zokuphendula ngomsindo nokubukwayo. Emkhakheni we-lifti kanye ne-lift, amazinga afana ne-EN 81-28 alawula izinqubo ezithile zokusebenza zama-alamu eziphuthumayo, okuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okubili ngaphandle kokufuna umuntu ovalelekile ukuba abambe inkinobho.

Ezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima, amazinga okuphepha kagesi abaluleke kakhulu. Izikhungo ezisingatha amakhemikhali ashintshashintshayo noma uthuli oluvuthayo kumele zisebenzise imishini eqinisekisiwe yezindawo eziyingozi. Izingcingo eziphuthumayo ezisetshenziswa kulezi zindawo kumele zihlangabezane namazinga e-UL/CSA eSigabeni I, iSigaba 1 noma iSigaba 2 (noma okulinganayo).I-ATEX/IECExIzindinganiso ze-Zone 1/Zone 2), ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi iphephile ngokwemvelo nomaingaqhumifuthi ayikwazi ukukhiqiza inhlansi ekwazi ukukhanyisa umkhathi ozungezile.

Ukuhlanganiswa Nemisebenzi Yokuphepha

Amafoni aphuthumayo anamuhla asebenza njengezindawo zokugcina ze-IoT, esebenzisa i-Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) ukuze ihlanganiswe ngqo nezinhlelo ze-PBX zebhizinisi, ukuthunyelwa okusizwa yikhompyutha, kanye namapulatifomu okuphepha ahlanganisiwe. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwezingcingo okuyinkimbinkimbi, njengokugingqika ngokuzenzakalelayo phezu kocingo olungaphendulwanga lusuka edeskini lokuphepha elisendaweni luye esikhungweni sokuthunyelwa kwe-911 sikamasipala ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-15.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amayunithi athuthukile afaka ukuhambisana kwe-ONVIF noma imiphumela yokudlulisela ehlanganiswa ne-Video Management Systems (VMS). Uma umsebenzisi ecindezela inkinobho ephuthumayo, uhlelo lwe-SIP lungathumela umyalo osheshayo kumakhamera aseduze e-Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ), luwaqondise ukuthi agxile ngokuzenzakalelayo endaweni yebhokisi lokushaya ucingo. Lokhu kuhlangana kwedatha yomsindo neyokubukwayo kunikeza abathumeli ulwazi olubalulekile ngesimo ngaphambi kokuthi bakhulume nomuntu oshaya ucingo.

Ukuhlola, Ukuhlola, kanye Nokuqapha Okukude

Ukugcina inqwaba yezingcingo eziphuthumayo zangaphandle kwakudinga ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba okunzima kakhulu. Namuhla, izinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-IP zisebenzisa ukutholwa kwamaphutha okuzenzakalelayo ukuqinisekisa ukulungela ukusebenza. Isofthiwe yokuphatha ephakathi ingalungiselelwa ukwenza ama-ping okubhalisa i-SIP ngezikhathi ezithile—ngokuvamile njalo ngemizuzwana engama-60 kuya kwengama-120—ukuxwayisa ngokushesha abaphathi uma iyunithi ingasebenzi ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenethiwekhi noma ukulahleka kwamandla.

Ukuhlola okuthuthukile kakhulu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-audio loop okuzenzakalelayo. Uhlelo lukhipha ithoni njalo kusuka kusipika futhi lusebenzisa imakrofoni ehlanganisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsindo uthwetshulwe ngokunembile, okuqinisekisa ukuthi zombili izingxenye ziyasebenza. Lawa makhono okuqapha kude anciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza, anciphisa ukugoqwa kweloli lokulungisa ngokomzimba ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-70 ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke isimo esiphuthumayo.

Indlela Yokukhetha Ucingo Oluphuthumayo Lwangaphandle Olufanele

Isinqumo sokugcina sokuthenga sidinga indlela ehlelekile ehlanganisa idatha yendawo ethile, izidingo zokuhlanganisa, kanye nomodeli wezezimali wesikhathi eside. Ukuthenga amafoni ezimo eziphuthumayo angaphandle ngokusekelwe kuphela ekubhidini kwehadiwe okuphansi kakhulu kuvame ukuholela ekuhlulekeni kwesistimu okubi kakhulu ngesikhathi sezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi noma eziphuthumayo ezibucayi.

Ochwepheshe bezokuphepha kumele benze inqubo yokuhlola ephelele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe ekhethiwe inikeza ukuthembeka okungangabazeki. Lokhu kuhilela ukumaka indawo ebonakalayo, ukubala izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila kwangempela, nokusebenzisa isethi eqinile yezindlela zokukhetha ezilungiselelwe izindawo ezinzima.

Ukuhlolwa Kwendawo Nokuhlolwa Kwegebe Lokumbozwa

Ngaphambi kokuhlola ihadiwe, abaqondisi bezokuphepha kumele benze ucwaningo olunzulu lwendawo ukuze bathole izikhala zokumbozwa kokuxhumana. Lokhu kuhilela ukumaka izindawo ezifile zamaselula kulo lonke ikhampasi noma isikhungo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphansi, ezindaweni ezinezihlahla eziningi, noma eduze kwezakhiwo ezinezinyathelo zensimbi esindayo kanye nokhonkolo ezivimba amasignali e-RF.

Ukuhlela umugqa wokubona kubalulekile ekubekweni kwemibhoshongo yokukhanya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebonakala kakhulu. Kuye ngesimo sendawo kanye nokukhanya okuzungezile, i-strobe enamandla kakhulu ingabonakala kusukela ebangeni elingafika kumamitha angu-3,000 ukusuka lapha. Ucwaningo lwendawo kumele lukhombe izindawo zokufaka ezifanele kakhulu ezikhulisa lokhu kubonakala ngenkathi zinciphisa ibanga umsebenzisi okumele alihambe—zihlose ibanga lokuhamba elingamamitha angu-200 phakathi kwezindawo zokuxhumana eziphuthumayo ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Izindleko Eziphelele Zobunikazi

Ukuhlola Izindleko Zobunikazi Eziphelele (i-TCO) kubalulekile ekubikezeleni isabelomali okunembile. Izindleko Zemali (i-CAPEX) azibandakanyi nje kuphela ihadiwe, kodwa nezindleko ezinkulu zomsebenzi wokwakha. Ukufaka imisele yepayipi ukuze kunikezwe amandla nedatha kungasebenza kusuka ku-$50 kuya ku-$150 ngonyawo oluqondile, okuvame ukwenza izindleko zocingo uqobo zibe zincane kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza amamodeli elanga-amaselula akhanga kakhulu ekufakweni kwemingcele ekude naphezu kwezindleko zawo eziphezulu zamayunithi.

Izindleko Zokusebenza (i-OPEX) kumele futhi zifakwe emjikelezweni wokuphila weminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimali zelayisensi ye-SIP trunk, izinhlelo zedatha yeselula zanyanga zonke zamayunithi angenantambo, kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa ojwayelekile. Eminyakeni eyi-10 ejwayelekile, ukufakwa kanye ne-OPEX kuvame ukubala u-60% kuya ku-70% we-TCO, okugcizelela inzuzo yezezimali yokutshala imali kuhadiwe ethembekile kakhulu, eqashwe kude enciphisa izidingo zokulungisa eziqhubekayo.

Izindlela Zokukhetha Zokugcina Zezindawo Ezinzima

I-matrix yokugcina yokukhetha kufanele ibeke phambili ukuthembeka, ukufaneleka kwemvelo, kanye nokusekelwa kwabathengisi. Ihadiwe kumele ibe nezilinganiso ze-IP kanye ne-IK ezifanele, futhi izinto ezivalekile kumele zifane nokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali nesimo sezulu esithile sendawo. Izinhlangano kufanele zifune imibhalo eqinile yezilinganiso ze-MTBF kanye nezitifiketi zelebhu ezizimele zokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa elibi kakhulu.

Okokugcina, hlola iwaranti yomkhiqizi kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye. Ezindaweni ezinzima, iwaranti ejwayelekile yonyaka owodwa ayanele; izinhlangano kufanele zifune abakhiqizi abanikeza iwaranti encane yeminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 emishinini eqinile. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthengisi uqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezithathelwa indawo—njenge-PCB, imakrofoni, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinkinobho—okungenani iminyaka eyishumi kuzovikela utshalomali futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo lokuphepha kokuphila luhlala lusebenza isikhathi salo esihlosiwe.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Sebenzisa amafoni angaphandle aphuthumayo aqinile lapho ukumbozwa kweselula, impilo yebhethri, noma ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi kungabambezela ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo.
• Khetha amafoni asesimweni esibucayi alinganiselwe cishe ku--40°C kuya ku-+70°C ukuze aqhubeke esebenza ezimweni ezingaphandle ezibucayi kakhulu.
• Cacisa amabhodi wesekethe ane-conformal coated kanye nezindawo eziqinile ezivalwe ukuze kuvikelwe i-elekthronikhi emswakama, ukujiya, uthuli, ukuchayeka ku-UV, kanye namagesi agqwalisayo.
• Hlanganisa amafoni ezimo eziphuthumayo nezinhlelo ze-PBX, VoIP, CAD, dispatch, paging, noma ze-PA ukuze abaphenduli bathole ulwazi olunembile lwendawo ngokushesha.
• Ngezindawo zikawoyela negesi, ezezimayini, zamakhemikhali, nezinye eziyingozi, khetha amamodeli angaqhumi anezitifiketi ezifanele njenge-ATEX.
• Hlola ukuthembeka komjikelezo wokuphila, okuhlanganisa izilinganiso ze-MTBF ezinde kanye nezilawuli zekhwalithi yomkhiqizi, ngaphambi kokuthenga izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphepha ezibalulekile.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kungani usebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini abaphuthumayo bangaphandle esikhundleni sokuthembela kumaselula kuphela?

Amafoni aphuthumayo alungisiwe ahlinzeka ngoxhumano oluqondile noluthembekile lapho ukumbozwa kweselula kubuthakathaka, amabhethri efile, noma amanethiwekhi eminyene. Angaphinde adlulisele indawo ehlelwe kusengaphambili ukuze ithunyelwe, okusiza abaphendulayo ukuthi bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Iyiphi izinga lokushisa okufanele ifoni ephuthumayo esesimweni esibucayi isekele?

Uma ufuna izindawo ezingaphandle nezimboni ezibucayi, funa amayunithi alinganiselwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kusukela cishe ku--40°C kuya ku-+70°C. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile phakathi nobusika obubandayo, ukushisa okuphezulu, kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo.

Yiziphi izimboni ezidinga amafoni aphuthumayo angaphandle aqinile?

Abasebenzisi abavamile bahlanganisa izimayini, uwoyela negesi, ezokuthutha, amajele, izikhungo zasolwandle, amakhampasi, izindawo zokwakha, amakamelo okuhlanza, kanye nemisebenzi yokuphepha noma yokuphepha lapho kudingeka khona ukuxhumana okuthembekile ezindaweni ezinomsindo, ezikude, eziyingozi, noma eziveziwe.

Yiziphi izici ezithuthukisa ukuthembeka emvuleni, emswakama nasezindaweni ezigqwalisayo?

Khetha izindlu ezingangenisi manzi noma ezingangenisi manzi, amakhibhodi avaliwe, izinto ezingamelani nokugqwala, amabhodi wesekethe ambozwe nge-conformal, kanye nezingxenye ezenzelwe impilo ende yesevisi. Lezi zici zisiza ukuvimbela ukwehluleka okubangelwa umswakama, ukuminyana, uthuli, ukuchayeka kwi-UV, kanye namagesi agqwalisayo.

Ingabe izindawo eziyingozi zidinga amafoni ezimo eziphuthumayo angaqhumi?

Yebo. Izindawo ezinegesi evuthayo, umusi, noma uthuli zingadinga amafoni angaqhumi aqinisekiswe yizindawo eziyingozi. Imikhiqizo enezitifiketi ezifanele njenge-ATEX isiza ekusekeleni ukuxhumana okuphephile ku-oyela, igesi, amakhemikhali, izimayini, kanye nezindawo ezifanayo.