Izinhlelo Zocingo Zasejele Nasejele: Izixazululo Zokuxhumana Eziphephile Zichazwa

Indima Ebalulekile Yezinhlelo Zocingo Zasejele

Ukufakwa kohlelo olukhethekile lwezingcingo zasejele kumelela ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kwengqalasizinda yezikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokungafani nokuxhumana kwezentengiselwano okujwayelekile, lezi zinhlelo kumele zivale igebe phakathi kokuphepha okusebenzayo okunzima kanye nokuqapha okuthuthukisiwe kwedijithali. Kubathengi abathengisa ngobuningi, abahlanganisi bezokuxhumana, kanye nezinhlangano zokuthenga zikahulumeni, ukuthola ihadiwe efanele kuhilela ukulinganisela izidingo zomthetho eziqinile nezikhathi zokusebenza eziqinile.

Ukuthengwa kwezimpahla okunesu kulo mkhakha kungaphezu nje kokuthola ama-handset aqinile. Kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kokuthi ama-endpoint e-hardware ahambisana kanjani nesofthiwe yokuphatha i-backend ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana okuphephile, okuqashwe, nokulawulwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.

Umthelela wokuphepha ekuxhumaneni kweziboshwa

Ezindaweni zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo, inethiwekhi yocingo iyisivikelo esiyinhloko kokubili ukuxhumana kweziboshwa okugunyaziwe kanye nobuthakathaka bokuphepha obungaba khona. Ihadiwe kumele isekele ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlelo zokuphatha izingcingo zangemuva (i-CMS) ezisingatha ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuqinisekiswa kwezwi le-biometric, kanye nokuqoshwa kwezingcingo okuzenzakalelayo. Abahlanganisi bezinhlelo ngokuvamile badinga ama-endpoints akwazi ukwenza amaphrothokholi aqinile angahlelwa, njengokunqunywa kwezingcingo kwemizuzu eyi-15 okuzenzakalelayo kanye nemikhawulo yokudayela ngezinombolo evunyelwe kusengaphambili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela wokuphepha ngokomzimba wehadiwe awukwazi ukweqiswa. Izici ezingavimbeli ukucekelwa phansi zivimbela amadivayisi ukuthi asetshenziswe njengezikhali noma abhidlizwe. Izinhlelo zezinga eliphezulu kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi ukusebenza isikhathi esingu-99.9% akusebenzi, njengoba ukucinywa kokuxhumana emajele kuyaziwa njengezimbangela zokungahlaliseki kwezikhungo.

Izigaba zabathengi kanye namamodeli okuthenga

Imakethe ye-B2B yezinhlelo zokuxhumana zeziboshwa ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezigaba zabathengi ezihlukene: iminyango kahulumeni yokulungisa izigwegwe, abaqhubi bamajele abazimele, kanye nabahlanganisi bezokuxhumana abakhethekile. Ingxenye ngayinye isebenza ngaphansi kwamamodeli ahlukene okuthenga. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ngokuvamile zithembele ezinhlakeni eziqinile zeSicelo Sesiphakamiso (RFP), zibeka phambili ukuthobela imithetho, ukwesekwa kwesikhathi eside, kanye nokuqina kwehadiwe ngaphezu komjikelezo wokuphila wenkontileka weminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5.

Abahlanganisi be-Telecom, ngokuphambene nalokho, bavame ukuthola ihadiwe elimhlophe noma i-OEM kubakhiqizi abasunguliwe ukuze bahlanganiswe namapulatifomu esofthiwe azimele. Laba bathengi bagxila kakhulu ekusebenzisaneni, ukwesekwa kwe-API kwezinhlelo ze-VoIP, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle ze-margin zokuthengisa ngobuningi, befuna abalingani behadiwe abakwaziyo ukwandisa umkhiqizo ukuze bahlangabezane namashejuli okuthunyelwa kwezikhungo eziningi.

Izici Eziyinhloko Nokwakhiwa Kwesistimu

Ukuxhumana kwezokuxhumana kwesimanje kwezokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo kuncike ekwakhiweni okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisa izindawo zokugcina eziqinile neziyinkimbinkimbi zomzila wedijithali. Ukuqonda izici eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlelo kubalulekile kubaphathi bezokuthenga abanomsebenzi wokuqondanisa imininingwane yehadiwe nezidingo zengqalasizinda yesikhungo.

Izingxenye zesistimu eziyinhloko

Ukuqina okubonakalayo kohlelo lwefoni lwasejele kuncike ezingxenyeni ezakhiwe ngenhloso eziklanyelwe ukumelana nokusetshenziswa kabi okukhulu. Izinto ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi izindlu ezakhiwe ngensimbi egoqekile ebandayo noma insimbi engagqwali ye-SUS304, ngokuvamile esukela ku-1.5mm kuya ku-2.0mm ubukhulu. Ama-handset kumele abunjwe nge-polycarbonate enamandla futhi axhunywe ngezintambo ezivikelwe. Lezi zintambo ezisindayo zakhiwe ngamandla okudonsa angaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-1,000 ukuze zivimbele ukuthi zingahlukaniswa futhi zisetshenziswe njengezibopho noma izikhali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zangaphakathi kumele zivikelwe ngezikulufo zokuphepha ezingaphazanyiswa, ezidinga amathuluzi akhethekile okufinyelela ekunakekelweni. Ama-keypad, uma ekhona, avame ukwakhiwa nge-zinc alloy engamelani nesimo sezulu ukuze aqhubeke nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo, okunamandla ngaphandle kokwehluleka kwemishini.

Izinketho ze-analog, i-VoIP, i-SIP, kanye ne-intercom

Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Analog, i-VoIP, i-SIP, kanye ne-izinketho ze-intercom ezinikezelwekunquma ukwakheka kokuxhumana okuyisisekelo kwesikhungo. Izinhlelo ze-analog zendabuko zisalokhu zivamile ezindaweni ezindala ngenxa yengqalasizinda yethusi enezintambo ezimbili ekhona. Kodwa-ke, imboni ishintshela ngokushesha ezinhlelweni ze-VoIP ezisekelwe ku-SIP. Ama-endpoint e-VoIP avumelaukuphathwa kwe-IP PBX okuphakathi, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa namaseva okurekhoda edijithali kanye nemiyalezo yezwi ezenzakalelayo.

Ezindaweni zokuphepha eziphezulu, ama-intercom e-analog noma edijithali avame ukusetshenziswa. Lezi zinhlelo zidlula ngokuphelele amanethiwekhi angaphandle, zihlinzeka ngokuxhumana okuqondile, okungaguquki phakathi kweziboshwa namagumbi okulawula, okubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvalelwa noma izimo eziphuthumayo.

Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yokuthola ulwazi

Lapho bethola ihadiwe, amaqembu okuthenga kumele ahlole imikhawulo ethile yobuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyasebenza isikhathi eside. Ithebula elingezansi lichaza imininingwane ejwayelekile eyisisekelo edingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwesimanje.

Ukukhetha iphrothokholi efanele kanye nebhendi yokucacisa kuthinta ngqo Izindleko Zobunikazi Eziphelele (i-TCO) kanye nobubanzi bokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda edingekayo.

Ukuhlolwa Nokuhambisana Nomhlinzeki

Ukuhlola abakhiqizi bezinhlelo zocingo zasejele kudinga inqubo yokuhlola eqinile. Ochwepheshe bezokuxhumana kwezimboni kumele babonise hhayi nje kuphela ikhono lokukhiqiza ihadiwe eqinile kodwa futhi nokunamathela ezindinganisweni zekhwalithi nezokuphepha zomhlaba wonke. Ukuthola okuvela kubahlinzeki abangaqinisekisiwe kuletha izingozi zokuphepha nezokusebenza ezingamukeleki.

Imigomo yokufaneleka komhlinzeki

Iziqu zomhlinzeki kule ndawo zincike kakhulu ekuzimeleni kokukhiqiza kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Abakhiqizi abaphezulu, njengalabo abagxile ku-ukuxhumana okuvimbela ukuqhuma kanye nezimboni, ngokuvamile igcina ukukhiqizwa kwangaphakathi kwezingxenye zayo eziyinhloko ezingaphezu kuka-90%. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuqondile kubalulekile ekugcineni ukubekezelelana kwekhwalithi okuqinile nokuvikela abathengi ekuphazamisekeni kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.

Amaqembu okuthenga kufaneleqinisekisa isitifiketi se-ISO9001njengesisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola umlando womhlinzeki—njengokuthunyelwa ngempumelelo emazweni angaphezu kwangu-50 noma ulwazi olukhethekile ezindaweni eziseduze ezinzima njengezimayini kanye nezasolwandle—kunikeza ukuzethemba emakhonweni abo obunjiniyela.

Ukuthobela imithetho, ukuhlolwa, kanye nemibhalo

Amadokhumenti okuthobela imithetho awaxoxiswana ngawo ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo. Amadivayisi kumele abe nezitifiketi zokuxhumana ezijwayelekile ezifaka phakathiIzimpawu ze-FCC kanye ne-CE, kanye nokuhambisana ne-ROHS ngokuphepha kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuqina komzimba kumele kuqinisekiswe ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi isilinganiso sokumelana nomthelela we-IK10, okuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo ebiyelwe ingamelana nomthelela wama-joule angu-20 ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni izinto zobuchwepheshe zangaphakathi.

Ezindaweni ezithile zezakhiwo, njengezindawo zokusebenzela zezimboni noma izindawo zokulungisa lapho kukhona khona izinto ezivuthayo, izingcingo nazo zingasezidinga izitifiketi ze-ATEX noma ze-IECExukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenakuqhuma. Abathengi kumele bafune imibiko yokuhlola eqinisekisiwe evela kuma-laboratory agunyaziwe avela eceleni ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqala se-RFP.

Uhlaka lokuqhathanisa lwe-OEM

Kwabahlanganisi bezokuxhumana, ikhono lokuthola izixazululo ze-OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) noma i-ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) liyinzuzo ebalulekile yokuncintisana. Uhlaka oluqinile lokuqhathanisa lwe-OEM kufanele luhlole ukuzimisela komhlinzeki ukwenza ngezifiso i-firmware, ukushintsha ukwakheka kwekhiphedi, kanye nokuhlanganisa amaphrothokholi e-SIP ayimfihlo.

Abahlinzeki kufanele bahlolwe ngokushelela kwabo kobunjiniyela. Isibonelo, ukuguqula ifoni ejwayelekile eqinile ukuze ifake i-auto-dialer ekhethekile noma ukuyihlanganisa nomkhiqizo othize we-IP PBX akufanele kwandise isikhathi sokukhiqiza esijwayelekile ngezinsuku ezingaphezu kwe-15 kuya kwezingu-20. Izivumelwano Eziphelele Zezinga Lesevisi (ama-SLA) eziqinisekisa izikhathi zokuphendula ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-48 nazo ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokubambisana kwe-OEM.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Zokuhweba Nokusetshenziswa Kwazo

Njengoba beshintsha kusuka ezicacisweni zobuchwepheshe baye ezimweni zezentengiselwano, abathengi kumele baqonde ngokucophelela izici zezokuthutha kanye nezezezimali zokuthengwa kwempahla ngobuningi. Ukufakwa ngempumelelo kohlelo lwefoni lwasejele kudinga ukuvumelanisa ngokucophelela iziguquguquko zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka, amamodeli wamanani, kanye nemikhawulo yokufaka indawo ethile.

I-MOQ, izikhathi zokukhokha, kanye nokuhlela izingxenye ezisele

Ukusungula ubuNini be-oda elincane (ama-MOQ) obuhle kanye nezikhathi zokuhola ezilawulekayo kubalulekile kumashejuli okuthunyelwa okuqhubekayo. Amayunithi e-analog ajwayelekile aqinile avame ukuba nama-MOQ aphansi, ngezinye izikhathi angaba amayunithi ayi-10 kuya kwangu-50, kuyilapho ama-terminal e-SIP enziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu angadinga ama-MOQ amayunithi angaphezu kwe-100 ukuze avumele ukukhiqizwa. Izikhathi zokuhola ezijwayelekile zemishini yezokuxhumana yezinga lezimboni zisukela ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuya kwezingama-45, kuye ngokujula kokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Ukuhlela impahla kumele kufake isilinganiso sezingxenye ezisele esibaliwe. Ngenxa yendawo esetshenziswa kabi kakhulu, izikhulu zokuthenga kufanele zigunyaze ukuthi izingxenye ezisele zibekwe eceleni kusukela ku-3% kuya ku-5% kuma-oda azo okuqala okuthenga. Ukuthola izingxenye ezisele ezingeni lezingxenye—njengezintambo ezivikelwe esikhundleni, ama-magnetic reed hook, nezikulufo zokuphepha—kuqinisekisa ukulungiswa okusheshayo endaweni ngaphandle kokushintsha yonke indawo yokugcina engu-$200-$400.

Amanani, imingcele, kanye nesu lesiteshi

Ukwakheka kwamanani emishini yokuxhumana yasejele kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe kanye namazinga okuqina. Amafoni odonga e-analog ajwayelekile angabhubhisi ngokuvamile asukela ku-$150 kuya ku-$250 ngeyunithi ngayinye ngamanani athengiswa ngobuningi. Ukuthuthukela kumatheminali asebenzisa i-SIP, anesilinganiso se-IP66 kuthuthukisa izindleko zeyunithi ziye kubhendi engu-$300 kuya ku-$500, kuyilapho amayunithi athuthukile anama-intercom evidiyo ahlanganisiwe angadlula u-$800.

Kwabasabalalisi nabahlanganisi, ama-hardware margins avame ukuba yingxenye yemali engenayo ye-SaaS ephindaphindayo ekhiqizwa yisofthiwe yokuphatha izingcingo. Ngakho-ke, isu lesiteshi lithembele ekutholeni i-hardware ethembekile kakhulu, enentengo encintisanayo enciphisa izimangalo zewaranti kanye nokugoqwa kwamaloli, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikelwe inzuzo yenkontileka yesevisi yesofthiwe yesikhathi eside.

Ukuqaliswa kanye nokulungiswa kwesayithi

Ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuncike ekutheni ukuthunyelwa kwale mishini kwakhiwe kabusha endaweni eluhlaza noma ukufakelwa kabusha endaweni emnyama. Ukulungiswa kabusha kwezakhiwo ezindala kuvame ukunquma ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo ze-analog ngenxa yezindleko ezinkulu zokudonsa ikhebula elisha le-Cat6 ngokusebenzisa izindonga zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe. Kulezi zimo, amasango e-IP PBX ehlanganisiwe asetshenziswa ekhabetheni le-telecom ukuhlanganisa ama-endpoints e-analog kumanethiwekhi edijithali anamuhla.

Ezikhungweni zesimanje, ukusebenzisa i-PoE (Power over Ethernet) kusetshenziswa indinganiso ye-802.3af kunconywa kakhulu. I-PoE iqeda isidingo sokusebenza kwepayipi likagesi elihlukile endaweni ngayinye yocingo, okungenzeka kunciphise izindleko zokufakwa kwendawo kanye nezintambo zekhebula ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-30, kuyilapho kuvumela izinhlelo ze-UPS eziphakathi ukuthi zigcine isikhathi sokusebenza kwenethiwekhi ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kukagesi.

Uhlaka Lokukhetha Lwabathengi

Ukuhlanganisa idatha yobuchwepheshe, yokuthobela imithetho, kanye neyezentengiselwano ibe uhlaka lokukhetha oluhlanganisiwe kuvumela abathengi abathengisa ngobuningi ukuthi benze ukuthenga ngokuzethemba. Indlela ehlelekile inciphisa ubungozi futhi ivumelanisa amakhono ehadiwe nemiyalelo ethile yokuphepha yezikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo.

Izindlela zokukhetha ukuthenga

Inqubo eyinhloko yesinqumo sabathengi be-B2B kumele kube yi-Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ebalwe esikhathini sokuphila kwehadiwe esijwayelekile seminyaka emi-5 kuya kwengu-7. I-TCO ayihlanganisi nje kuphela izindleko zokuqala zeyunithi kanye nokuthunyelwa kodwa futhi nezinga lokwehluleka elibikezelwe, izindleko zamathuluzi okulungisa akhethekile, kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi esihlotshaniswa nokushintshana kwehadiwe.

Izindlela zesibili zifaka phakathi ukukhuliswa kwesistimu. Amaqembu okuthenga kumele aqinisekise ukuthi umenzi okhethiwe angasekela ukunwetshwa kwesikhathi esizayo, anikeze i-firmware ehambisanayo emuva kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ezihambisanayo ukuze ukufakwa kwesigaba sesibili kufane ngokubonakalayo nangobuchwepheshe nokufakwa kokuqala.

Uhlu olufushane lwabaphakeli kanye nohlaka lokuthola ulwazi

Ukuze kuqedwe uhlu olufushane lwabaphakeli, abathengi kufanele basebenzise uhlaka lokuthola ulwazi olunesisindo olunikeza abakhiqizi amaphuzu aqondile kuzo zonke izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile. Ithebula elilandelayo linikeza i-matrix enconywayo yokuhlola abaphakeli bezinhlelo zocingo zasejele abangaba khona.

Ukusebenzisa lolu hlaka kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zokuthenga ziqhutshwa yizilinganiso ezilinganiswayo kunezindleko zamayunithi eziqondile zodwa. Ngokubeka phambili abakhiqizi abathola amaphuzu aphezulu ekuqineni, ukuzimela kokukhiqiza, kanye nokuthobela imithetho, abathengi bangaqinisekisa ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana eqinile ehlangabezana nezidingo ezingaguquki zomkhakha wezokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Imiphumela yokuthengwa kwempahla ngobuningi kanye nochungechunge lokunikezwa kwempahla ohlelweni lwezingcingo lwasejele
• Imininingwane, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nemigomo yezentengiselwano abathengi okufanele bayiqinisekise
• Izincomo ezisebenzayo zabasabalalisi namaqembu okuthenga

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yini eyenza uhlelo lwefoni lwasejele luhluke ohlelweni lwefoni olujwayelekile?

Ihlanganisa ihadiwe engabhubhisi kanye nokushaya ucingo okulawulwayo, ukuqopha, kanye nokuqapha. Emajele, amafoni kumele asekele ukudayela ngezinombolo ezivunyelwe, imikhawulo yesikhathi sokushaya ucingo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuphephile namapulatifomu okuphatha izingcingo.

Ingabe isikhungo sokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo kufanele sikhethe amafoni ejele e-analog noma e-SIP/VoIP?

Sebenzisa i-analog uma ingqalasizinda ekhona yezintambo ezimbili kufanele igcinwe. Khetha i-SIP/VoIP yokuphathwa kwe-IP PBX okuphakathi, ukuhlanganiswa okulula kokuqopha, kanye nokusetshenziswa okunwebekayo ezindaweni eziningi.

Yiziphi izici zehadiwe ezibalulekile kuma-endpoints ocingo asejele?

Funa izindlu zensimbi engagqwali noma zensimbi ezigoqekile, izintambo ezivikelwe, izikulufo ezingaphazamisi, ama-handset amelana nokushayisana, kanye nokuvikelwa okulinganiselwe yi-IP. Lezi zici zinciphisa ukucekelwa phansi, isikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa.

Ingabe iSiniwo ingasekela amaphrojekthi ocingo lwasejele ngale kokunikeza amafoni nje kuphela?

Yebo. I-Siniwo inikeza izinsizakalo zokuxhumana zezimboni ezitholakala endaweni eyodwa, okuhlanganisa ukuklama, ukuhlanganisa, ukufaka, kanye nokusekela ukulungiswa, okusiza abahlanganisi bezokuxhumana kanye namaqembu okuthenga ukwenza lula ukuthunyelwa kwezigwegwe.

Kungani ukuqina kubaluleke kangaka ohlelweni lwezingcingo lwasejele?

Ukuqina okuphezulu kusiza ukugcina isikhathi sisebenza, kuvimbela amadivayisi ukuthi angahlakazwa noma asetshenziswe kabi, futhi kusekela ukusebenza okuphephile kwansuku zonke. Ama-endpoint aqinile abalulekile ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kabi kakhulu lapho ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana kungandisa khona ingozi.