Yiziphi izitifiketi okufanele umenzi wefoni ongakwazi ukuqhuma abe nazo?

• I-ATEX ibalulekile ekuthengisweni kwezindawo eziyingozi ze-EU, kodwa akuyona yodwa isitifiketi esibalulekile.
• I-IECEx yengeza ukwethembeka kwamanye amazwe ngoba isebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokuvikelwa kokuqhuma okuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke kanye nemibhalo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezimboni kufanele kufake phakathi ukuvikelwa kwendawo ebiyelwe, ukuqinisekiswa kwesigaba sokushisa, i-EMC, umthelela, kanye nobuqotho bokungena kwekhebula.
• Kubathengi, i-QMS yomenzi, ukulandeleka, kanye nobubanzi besitifiketi kubaluleke kakhulu njengelebula elisesivalweni.
• Umhlinzeki ongcono kakhulu angahlela ifoni endaweni efanele, iqembu legesi, isigaba sothuli, kanye nendlela yokufaka ngaphambi kokucaphuna.

An umenzi wefoni ovikela ukuqhumakufanele ihlolwe ngokumelene nomndeni ojwayelekile wendawo enobungozi, hhayi nje izithombe zomkhiqizo noma izimangalo zokumaketha. Isibonelo, imishini ye-ATEX ebekwe ezindaweni eziqhumayo kumele ihambisane ne-Directive 2014/34/EU, kuyilapho i-IEC 60079-0 ichaza izidingo ezijwayelekile zemishini yezindawo eziqhumayo kanti i-IEC 60079-1 ihlanganisa izindawo ezingashisi umlilo. Kumaphrojekthi angempela, ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezimboni yikho okuguqula ifoni ebukeka iqinile ibe yidivayisi yokuphepha engasetshenziswa. Uma iphrojekthi idinga nokumelana nesimo sezulu, abathengi abaningi bazofuna idatha yokuvikela ukungena njenge-IP66 noma i-IP67, futhi uma ukufakwa kusefektri enomsindo omkhulu, bazokhathalela nokukhishwa komsindo kanye nokusebenza kwemakrofoni. Umkhiqizi oshicilela ububanzi besitifiketi, amarekhodi okuhlola, kanye nemikhawulo yesicelo usindisa onjiniyela isikhathi futhi anciphise ingozi yokuthobela imithetho. Imindeni yemikhiqizo efanele ingahlolwa ngokusebenzisaocingweni olungangeni ukuqhuma, ocingo olungangenisi isimo sezulu, futhiizingcingo eziphuthumayo.

Yiziphi izitifiketi okufanele umenzi wefoni ongakwazi ukuqhuma abe nazo?

Isitifiketi esifanele sincike emakethe yendawo oya kuyo, ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi, kanye nokwakheka komkhiqizo.

Kubathengi abaningi bezimboni, impendulo encane eyamukelekayo iqala ngokuthiIsitifiketi se-ATEXeYurophu kanyeI-IECExkumaphrojekthi ezifunda eziningi. I-ATEX iwuhlaka lwezomthetho e-European Union, kanti i-IECEx iwuhlelo lokuhlola ukuhambisana komhlaba wonke olusekelwe ezindinganisweni ze-IEC zezindawo eziqhumayo. Uma ifoni izofakwa eNyakatho Melika, umenzi kufanele futhi aqonde umzila wendawo ngaphansi kwe-NEC Article 500/505 kanye nezidingo zomzimba wesitifiketi ezihambisanayo. Ngamanye amazwi, umenzi akanakumane athi “ubufakazi bokuqhuma” bese eyeka lapho; kumele abonise indlela eqondile yesitifiketi yendawo ehlosiwe.

Kubathengi bezobuchwepheshe, inombolo yesitifiketi ayibalulekile kangako kuneububanzi. Isikali kufanele sibonise izinga lokuvikelwa kwemishini, iqembu legesi noma uthuli, isigaba sokushisa, kanye nendawo yokufaka evunyelwe. Ucingo oluqinisekiswe yi-Zone 2 alwamukeleki ngokuzenzakalelayo kwi-Zone 1, futhi indawo evalelwe ngothuli ayifaneleki ngokuzenzakalelayo emoyeni wegesi. Lowo mehluko ungenye yamaphutha avame kakhulu ekutholeni izinto ezimbonini ngokuphepha.

Ekubuyekezweni kokuthengwa kwempahla, umbuzo owusizo kakhulu awusiwo othi “Unesitifiketi?” kodwa uthi “Yiliphi izinga, iyiphi indawo, yiliphi iqembu legesi, kanye nesigaba sokushisa?” Lelo gama liphoqa umhlinzeki ukuthi anikeze impendulo ewusizo. Isibonelo, uhlaka lwaseYurophu lusebenzisa izigaba ezifana no-1, 2, no-3, futhi ukumaka kobuchwepheshe kumele kufane nesimo sangempela sokufakwa. Inkinga enkulu.umenzi wefoni ovikela ukuqhumaizoshicilela lokho kumephu ngokucacile kunokuba icashe ngemuva kweshidi ledatha elijwayelekile.

Kungani isitifiketi se-ATEX sodwa singanele ekuhlolweni kokuphepha kwezimboni

I-ATEX ibalulekile, kodwa ayithathi indawo yokujula kokuhlola, ukulawula ukukhiqiza, noma ukuqinisekiswa kohlelo lokusebenza.

Abathengi abaningi bagxila kuIsitifiketi se-ATEXngoba kulula ukuyibona, kodwa lokho kungadala ukuzethemba okungamanga. Ucingo oluqinisekisiwe lusadinga ukwanelisa izidingo ezingokoqobo zesayithi: ukuchayeka kugesi oqothulayo, ukufuthwa ngamanzi, ukudlidliza, ukugijima kwekhebula isikhathi eside, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezimboni kufanele kufake okungaphezu kwendlela yokuvikela ukuqhuma ngokwayo. Kufanele futhi kufake ukuvikelwa kokungena, umthelela womshini, ukuziphatha kokushisa, kanye nokusebenza kwe-EMC.

Isibonelo, izilinganiso ze-IP zivame ukusetshenziswa kanye nesitifiketi sendawo enobungozi.I-ISO 20653:2013, amazinga okuvikelwa ezintweni zangaphandle, amanzi, kanye nokufinyelela kuchazwa ngendlela ehlelekile esiza onjiniyela ukuqhathanisa ukuqina kokuvala. Ezimweni zezitshalo ezisebenzayo, i-IP66 noma i-IP67 ingaba yinto enqumayo ngoba idivayisi engashisi ilangabi evumela umswakama ungene ekamelweni lokugcina izoqhubeka nokwehluleka ukusebenza noma ngabe ukuhlukaniswa kwayo kokuvikelwa kokuqhuma kulungile. Yingakho umbiko wokuhlola womenzi kufanele ufake kokubili isitifiketi esihlobene nokuqhuma kanye nemiphumela yokuqina kwemvelo.

Kumaqembu okuthenga, i-heuristic ewusizo ilula: uma umhlinzeki engakwazi ukuchaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwesitifiketi, ukuvalwa kwe-enclosure, kanye nenqubo yokulungisa, ingozi cishe iphezulu kakhulu endaweni eyingozi. Ukwehluleka okuningi kwezimboni akubangelwa yisitifiketi esingekho, kodwa yizinqamuleli zokufaka, ama-cable glands angafanele, noma izivalo ezonakele ngemva kokulungiswa.

Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezimboni kunamandla kakhulu uma kukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwangempela, hhayi nje kuphela isisekelo selabhorethri. Umenzi omuhle angachaza ukuthi umkhiqizo uziphatha kanjani ezimweni zokungena kwekhebula, ukumiswa, kanye nokuvulwa kwesevisi, ngoba lezo yizindawo lapho ingozi yasensimini ivame ukubonakala khona.

Indlela yokuhlola umenzi wefoni ongakwazi ukuqhuma ukuze athole ukujula kokuthobela imithetho

Ukujula kokuthobela imithetho kubonakala ngekhwalithi yamadokhumenti, ukulandelelwa kwawo, kanye nesiyalo sokuklama.

Uma kuhlolwaumenzi wefoni ovikela ukuqhuma, isignali enamandla kakhulu akuyona ilogo ephaneli engaphambili. Yikhwalithi yefayela lobuchwepheshe. Umhlinzeki othobela imithetho kufanele anikeze ukumaka komkhiqizo, izinkomba ezijwayelekile, ukufaneleka kwendawo, imiyalelo yokufaka, imikhawulo yokugcinwa, kanye nenqubomgomo yezingxenye ezisele. Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, umhlinzeki kufanele futhi abonise ukuthi ifoni ingena kanjani ohlelweni lokuxhumana olubanzi, njengeziteshi zokushaya ucingo oluphuthumayo, ukubhangqwa kwezimboni, noma amanethiwekhi e-intercom afakwe odongeni.

Enye indlela esebenzayo yokuhlola ukuvuthwa ukubukeza ukuthi umenzi unesistimu yokuhlola nokukhiqiza ephindaphindwayo yini. Isitifiketi se-ISO 9001 asiyona indinganiso yokuvikela ukuqhuma, kodwa sisasebenza ngoba sibonisa izinqubo ezilawulwayo, isiyalo sesenzo sokulungisa, kanye nokulandelela. Emishinini yendawo eyingozi, lezo zilawuli zenqubo zibalulekile ngoba ushintsho oluncane lwezinto noma ukuphambuka komhlangano kungashintsha ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa, ukuvala, noma ukuqina. Kumasayithi adinga ukuhlanganiswa kokuphepha komphakathi, amaqembu onjiniyela avame ukubuza nangokuhambisana namaphaneli e-alamu noma imisebenzi yokusebenza yokushaya ucingo exhunywe ku-SCADA.

1. Cela ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nobubanzi besitifiketi, hhayi incwajana yomkhiqizo ojwayelekile.
2. Hlola ukuthi ukumaka komkhiqizo kuyafana yini nendawo yokufaka kanye nesigaba segesi noma sothuli.
3. Qinisekisa isilinganiso se-IP kanye nesisekelo sokuhlola sokuchayeka emanzini nasothulini.
4. Buyekeza imiyalelo yokulungisa yokufakwa kwe-gland, ukuhlolwa kwe-gasket, kanye nezinqubo zokuvula.
5. Qinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezisele kanye nokulawula ukucushwa kubhaliwe umjikelezo wokuphila wephrojekthi.

Ekuthengeni okusekelwe kuphrojekthi, lo mbhalo ungaba umehluko phakathi kokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kwefektri okubushelelezi kanye nokuqaliswa kwesayithi okulibazisekile. Kubathengi abakha amanethiwekhi okuxhumana okuphuthumayo,izingcingo zezimbonifuthiizinhlelo zekheli lomphakathikuvame ukuhlolwa ndawonye ngoba isayithi elifanayo lingadinga ukufona kwendawo, izaziso zokusakaza, kanye nemiyalezo yokuphuma.

Yiziphi izindinganiso nezilinganiso ezibaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi endawo eyingozi ngempela?

Izindinganiso ezifanele zincike engozini, kodwa indlela yokulinganisa eyinhloko ihlale ifana.

Amaphrojekthi okuxhumana endawo eyingozi avame ukuncika ezicini ezintathu zobuchwepheshe: uhlobo lokuvikela, ukuqina kwemvelo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kohlelo. Uhlobo lokuvikela luphendula ukuthi idivayisi ingaba khona ngokuphephile yini endaweni. Ukuqina kwemvelo kuphendula ukuthi ingaqhubeka isebenza ngaphansi kwemvula, uthuli, ukudlidliza, inkungu kasawoti, noma ukujikeleza kokushisa. Ukusetshenziswa kuphendula ukuthi opharetha bangakwazi yini ukuxhumana ngesikhathi sama-alamu, umsindo, noma ukuphazamiseka kwamandla.

Iphuzu eliwusizo lokubhekisela uhlaka lokuvikela ukuqhuma lwe-IEC, oluchaza imishini ngokwezindlela zokuvikela kanye nezimo zokufaka. Okwamanje, ukuze kuvikelwe emvelweni, abathengi bavame ukubheka ukuhlolwa kwamanzi, uthuli, kanye nokugqwala. Ezingqalasizinda zomphakathi kanye nezindawo zezimboni, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ifoni kulindeleke ukuthi iphile iminyaka eminingi yokusetshenziswa, hhayi usuku olulodwa lokubonisa. Lapho ukuhlolwa kuhambisana nezindlela ezijwayelekile, kuba lula ngamathimba obunjiniyela ukuqhathanisa abaphakeli ngobuqotho.

Ngemishini yokuxhumana ezitshalweni ezinomsindo, ukusebenza komsindo kungabaluleka njengesitifiketi. Uma umqhubi engakwazi ukuzwa noma ukuzwakala, uhlelo lungase luhambisane nephepha kodwa lungasebenzi esimweni esiphuthumayo. Yingakho abathengi abanolwazi behlola idivayisi endaweni enomsindo ongokoqobo ngaphambi kokuvunyelwa kokugcina.

Ibukeka kanjani iphakheji yesitifiketi esiqinile?

Iphakheji eqinile yesitifiketi ihlanganisa ukuthobela imithetho, ubufakazi bobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimu.

Abakhiqizi abahle kakhulu bahlanganisa ubufakazi babo ngendlela evumela amaqembu obunjiniyela, i-HSE, kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla ukuthi babubuyekeze ngokushesha. Leyo phakheji kufanele ifake isitifiketi, izinkomba ezijwayelekile zokuhlola, ukumaka umkhiqizo, imiyalelo yokufaka, ishejuli yokulungisa, kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhawulo ezesekelini. Kufanele futhi ibonise ukuthi idivayisi ihloselwe ukufakwa odongeni, ukufakwa okuhlanziwe, ukufakwa kwezinsika, noma izindawo ezivikelwe ngaphakathi. Le mininingwane ibalulekile ngoba amadivayisi endawo enobungozi azwela kakhulu ikhwalithi yokufaka.

Ngokusho kwe-US National Institute of Standards and Technology,Ukulandelela kwe-SI kanye nesifundo sokulinganisakubalulekile ekuqhathanisweni okuthembekile kobunjiniyela kanye nokuhlolwa. Empeleni, lokho kusho ukuthi umenzi kufanele akwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi izilinganiso zokushisa, ukuhlolwa kokungena, kanye nokuhlolwa kobukhulu kwakulawulwa kanjani. Uma idivayisi ithi isilinganiso esithile sokuvalelwa noma ububanzi bokusebenza, ubufakazi obuyisisekelo kufanele bulandeleleke kunokuba bube yindaba emfushane.

Kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba khona kwe-ATEX kanye ne-IECEx kunganciphisa umzamo wokuphinda kuqinisekiswe, kuyilapho ukuvunyelwa kwemakethe yendawo kungenza kube lula ukusatshalaliswa. Kodwa ububanzi besitifiketi buwusizo kuphela uma umenzi engakwazi ukugcina ukulawula kwenguqulo. Ikhibhodi ebuyekeziwe, uphawu, noma ukwakheka kwebhodi kungabangela ukuhlolwa kabusha, ngakho abathengi kufanele babuze ukuthi ukulawula ushintsho lobunjiniyela kuphathwa kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• Isitifiketi kanye nezinkomba ezijwayelekile
• Indawo, iqembu legesi, iqembu lothuli, kanye nesigaba sokushisa
• Isifinyezo sesilinganiso se-IP kanye nokuhlolwa kwemvelo
• Imiyalelo yokufaka nokulungisa
• Izingxenye ezisele, ukungena kwekhebula, kanye nokuhambisana kwezinsiza
• Inqubomgomo yokulawula ushintsho yezibuyekezo zomklamo

Indlela abathengi okufanele baqhathanise ngayo abahlinzeki ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ulimi olusetshenziswayo

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqhathanisa ukuthola amaphuzu kubahlinzeki ngokuthobela imithetho, ukuqina, kanye nokulingana kwephrojekthi.

Ukuqhathanisaumenzi wefoni ovikela ukuqhumaKulula uma ithimba lisebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola esikhundleni sokubona izinto ezicashile. Qala ngokuhlukanisa ukuthobela okuphoqelekile nezici ezifiselekayo. Izinto eziphoqelekile zifaka phakathi isitifiketi esifanele sendawo enobungozi, isilinganiso esifanele sendawo, kanye nehadiwe yokufaka efanele. Izinto ezifiselekayo zifaka phakathi ukuzwakala komsindo okungcono, ukuvikelwa kwekhiphedi okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokufinyelela okulula kokulungisa.

Isibonelo, umhlinzeki okhonza iphrojekthi yokuhlanza angase adinge ukufakazela ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kuqala, kuyilapho umhlinzeki wendawo egqwalisayo yolwandle angadinga ubufakazi obuqinile bokumelana nenkungu kasawoti kanye nokumelana ne-UV. Iphrojekthi yejele, yomhubhe, noma yesitimela ingase ikhathalele kakhulu ukumelana nokucekelwa phansi kanye nokufinyelela okulawulwayo kunokuqinisekiswa kwendawo yegesi. Umndeni ofanayo wamadivayisi awukwazi ukwanelisa ngokuzenzakalelayo zonke izimo zokusetshenziswa, yingakho imephu yesicelo ibalulekile.

Uma abathengi becela le mininingwane kusenesikhathi, banciphisa ubungozi bephrojekthi futhi banciphise imijikelezo yokugunyazwa. Lokho kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-EPC kanye nabahlanganisi okumele bathumele amadokhumenti okuthobela imithetho ngaphambi kokulethwa, hhayi ngemuva kokufakwa.

Yiziphi izitifiketi nemikhuba eyengeziwe ekhulisa ukwethenjwa?

Ukwethembana kuyakhula lapho umenzi ekwazi ukufakazela isiyalo senqubo ngale kokuvikelwa kokuqhuma.

Nakuba i-ATEX ne-IECEx kuyizitifiketi eziphambili, imikhuba eminingana esekelayo ithuthukisa ukuzethemba. Ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi ye-ISO 9001, ukuhlolwa okungenayo okubhalwe phansi, ukulandelelwa kwezindawo, kanye nokulinganiswa okulawulwayo kwemishini yokuhlola konke kunegalelo ekwethembekeni. Kwamanye amaphrojekthi, umthengi angacela nezimemezelo ze-RoHS noma ze-REACH zokuthobela imithetho ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma iphrojekthi inezidingo zokuthumela ngaphandle noma zokusimama. Akukho neyodwa yalezi ezithatha indawo yesitifiketi sendawo enobungozi, kodwa ndawonye zibonisa inhlangano yokukhiqiza evuthiwe.

Esinye isignali esiwusizo ukuthi ngabe umhlinzeki uyayishicilela yini imingcele ecacile yokusetshenziswa. Umkhiqizi othembekile uzosho ukuthi umkhiqizo akufanele usetshenziswe kuphi, njengasendaweni ephakeme, iqembu elihlukile legesi, noma isigaba esiqinile semvelo. Lolo hlobo lokuzibamba luwuphawu oluhle ngoba lubonisa isiyalo sobunjiniyela kunokuba lubize ngokweqile.

Uma wakha uhlelo lokuxhumana oluxubile, kungaba usizo ukubukezaocingweni olungenazingcingofuthiIzingcingo ze-SIPkanye namamodeli endawo enobungozi, ngoba amaphrojekthi amaningi ezimboni ahlanganisa ukubiza okuphuthumayo, ukuxhumana kokuthunyelwa kwempahla, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwenethiwekhi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa mayelana nezitifiketi zomkhiqizi wefoni ezingaqhumi

1. Ingabe i-ATEX yanele umkhiqizi wefoni ongakwazi ukuqhuma?

I-ATEX yanele kuphela izidingo ezithile zemakethe ye-EU, kodwa amaphrojekthi amaningi adinga ne-IECEx noma imvume yendawo enobungozi, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezimboni kokuqina kwemvelo.

2. Yisiphi isitifiketi esibaluleke kakhulu samaphrojekthi okuthumela kwamanye amazwe?

I-IECEx ivame ukuba usizo kakhulu kumaphrojekthi okuthumela kwamanye amazwe ngoba isekela ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana okuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke ezimakethe eziningi.

3. Ingabe ifoni engaqhumi idinga i-IP66 noma i-IP67?

Akukhona njalo ngokomthetho, kodwa izindawo eziningi zezimboni zidinga ukuvikelwa okuqinile kokungena ngoba uthuli, imvula, kanye nezimo zokuwasha zinganqoba imishini ephephile kuphela ekuqhumeni.

4. Yiziphi izindinganiso okufanele ngizicele ukuzibona ngaphandle kwe-ATEX?

Cela i-IEC 60079-0, i-IEC 60079-1 uma kufunwa umklamo ongashisi, kanye nezinkomba zokungena ezisebenzayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-EMC.

5. Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ifoni iphephile yini kwi-Zone 1 noma kwi-Zone 2?

Hlola uphawu lwemishini kusitifiketi kanye neshidi ledatha; i-Zone 1 kanye ne-Zone 2 azishintshisani, futhi umenzi kufanele asho indawo evunyelwe ngqo.

6. Kungani imibhalo ibaluleke kangaka?

Ngoba amadivayisi endawo eyingozi ancike emininingwaneni yokufaka, imithetho yokulungisa, kanye nokulawulwa kwenguqulo, hhayi nje ihadiwe uqobo.

7. Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma umhlinzeki enikeza incwajana kuphela?

Cela isitifiketi, izinkomba ezijwayelekile, incwadi yokufaka, imiyalelo yokulungisa, kanye nokumaka okuqondile ngaphambi kokudlulela ekuvunyelweni kobuchwepheshe.

Ukuze uthole ukuxhumana endaweni enobungozi, okungcono kakhuluumenzi wefoni ovikela ukuqhumayilona elingafakazela ukuthobela umthetho, lichaze ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwezimboni ngolimi olulula, futhi lifanise idivayisi nezimo zangempela zendawo. Leyo nhlanganisela yiyo enciphisa ukubambezeleka kokugunyazwa, ivikele abasebenzi, futhi igcine uhlelo lusebenza kahle lapho imvelo isesimweni sayo esibi kakhulu.