Iyini i-SIP Intercom System futhi isebenza kanjani?

Kungani Izinhlelo ze-SIP Intercom Zibalulekile Ekufinyeleleni Kwezentengiselwano

I-Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), echazwe yi-Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) ngaphansi kwe-RFC 3261, iguqule kakhulu ukuxhumana kwebhizinisi. Uma isetshenziswa ekulawuleni ukufinyelela ngokomzimba, uhlelo lwe-intercom lwe-SIP lusebenza njengendawo yokugcina enikwe amandla yi-IP kunethiwekhi ye-Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). Ngokungafani nama-intercom e-analog akudala athembele kuzintambo ezivaliwe, ezizimele, ama-intercom e-SIP asebenzisa ingqalasizinda ejwayelekile ye-Ethernet ukudlulisa umsindo, ividiyo, kanye nezimpawu zokulawula. Lokhu kumiswa kuvumela izikhungo zebhizinisi ukuthi zihlanganise amapulatifomu azo okuphepha ngokomzimba kanye nokuxhumana okuhlangene (UC) kube isakhiwo esisodwa, esihlangene.

Ukufakwa kwehadiwe esekwe ku-SIP kuthatha indawo yezinhlelo zokufinyelela ezihlukanisiwe ngamadivayisi enethiwekhi angakwazi ukuhambisa i-routing eyinkimbinkimbi, ukudlulisa ucingo olunemibandela, kanye nokusakaza imidiya okunencazelo ephezulu. Ngokusebenzisa amaseva afanayo e-Private Branch Exchange (PBX) asetshenziselwa ucingo lwenkampani, izinhlangano zingasusa ingqalasizinda engadingekile. Lokhu kuhlangana kubaluleke kakhulu ekufinyeleleni kwezentengiselwano, lapho ukuqinisekiswa okusheshayo kwezivakashi kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlelo zemvelo ze-IT ezikhona kunquma kokubili ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha kwesikhungo.

Ukuxhumana Kwezivakashi Nokulawula Ukungena

Okubalulekile ohlelweni lwe-intercom lwe-SIP yikhono lokwenza kube lula ukuxhumana kwesikhathi sangempela, okuqondiswayo phakathi kwesivakashi endaweni yokungena kanye nomsebenzisi otholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni. Uma isivakashi sicindezela inkinobho yokushaya ucingo ku-intercom, idivayisi isebenza njenge-SIP User Agent (UA). Ikhiqiza isicelo se-SIP INVITE, i-PBX esidlulisela endaweni yokugcina ekhethiwe—njengefoni ye-IP yomamukeli, ikhonsoli yesikhungo sezokuphepha (i-SOC), noma uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula.

Lo mzila osekelwe ku-IP uvumela ukuhamba komsebenzi kokulawula ukungena okuyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, uma ideski lokwamukela eliyinhloko lihluleka ukuphendula ngaphakathi komkhawulo ochazwe ngaphambilini (isb., imizuzwana eyi-15), iphrothokholi ye-SIP ingadlulisela ngokuzenzakalelayo ucingo eqenjini lezokuphepha lesibili noma esikhungweni sokuqapha esingaphandle kwendawo. Ukuqinisekisa ingxoxo yemvelo, engaphazanyiswa, ama-intercom e-SIP ebanga lebhizinisi aklanyelwe ukugcina ukubambezeleka komsindo kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni ngaphansi kwama-millisecond ayi-150. Uma ubunikazi besivakashi buqinisekisiwe, umqhubi angadlulisela isignali ye-Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF)—evame ukulungiswa nge-RFC 2833—etholwa yi-intercom futhi iyihumushe ibe umyalo wokuqalisa i-relay ebhodini, ngaleyo ndlela ivule umnyango.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenza Nokuphepha

Ukuthuthela kuma-intercom e-SIP kuveza izinzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenza nokuphepha, okuqhutshwa kakhulu yi-centralization kanye namakhono okuphatha kude. Ngenxa yokuthi lawa madivayisi ahlala kunethiwekhi ye-IP yenkampani, abaphathi be-IT kanye nezokuphepha bangahlinzeka, baqaphe, futhi babuyekeze amakhulu amayunithi e-intercom kusuka ku-interface eyodwa. Lokhu kuphathwa okuphakathi kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa futhi kuvumela ukuqapha impilo okusebenzayo nge-Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) kanye nokuxwayisa okuzenzakalelayo.

Ngokwezezimali, ama-intercom e-SIP asebenzisa ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yendawo (i-LAN) ekhona. Ngokusebenzisa i-Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard IEEE 802.3af, ikhebula elilodwa le-Cat5e noma le-Cat6 linikeza kokubili ukuxhumana kwedatha kanye namandla afinyelela ku-15.4 watts wamandla wamanje aqondile endaweni yokugcina. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokusebenza kukagesi okunamandla aphezulu emnyango ngamunye, kunciphisa izindleko zokufaka izintambo ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-40 kumaphrojekthi okwakha amasha. Ngokombono wokuphepha, ukuhlanganisa ama-intercom e-SIP nezinhlaka zokuphepha ezibanzi kuvumela ukuqoshwa kwezehlakalo okuzenzakalelayo. Yonke imizamo yokushaya ucingo, isikhathi sokuxhumeka, kanye nomcimbi wokuvula umnyango kuqoshwa ngaphakathi kwamarekhodi emininingwane yokushaya ucingo e-PBX (ama-CDR), okunikeza umkhondo oqondile, ohlolwayo wemicimbi yokufinyelela.

Lokho Okufakiwe yiSistimu ye-SIP Intercom

I-ecosystem ye-intercom ye-SIP esebenzayo idinga inhlanganisela yamadivayisi aqinile, ingqalasizinda yokushintsha inethiwekhi, kanye nesofthiwe yokuphatha izingcingo ephakathi. Ngokungafani nesipikha sendabuko somnyango noma isikhulumi se-analog esisendaweni, i-intercom ye-SIP empeleni iyikhompyutha ekhethekile ye-VoIP egcinwe ekhasejini eliqinile lemvelo. Ukuqonda izingxenye ezithile ezakha lo mklamo kubalulekile ekwakheni uhlelo oluhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha ngokomzimba kanye nezindinganiso zenethiwekhi ye-IT.

Ama-Intercom e-SIP Door nama-Intercom evidiyo

Amadivayisi asemaphethelweni kule ndawo yokusebenza yi-intercom yomnyango we-SIP kanye nama-intercom evidiyo afakwe ezindaweni zokungena ezibonakalayo. Lawa mayunithi kumele avale igebe phakathi kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezizwelayo kanye nezimo zangaphandle ezinzima.Ama-intercom e-SIP angaphandle asezingeni lezimboniNgokuvamile zilinganiswa nge-IP65 noma ngaphezulu ukuze zivikele uthuli nokungena kwamanzi, kanye ne-IK08 kuya ku-IK10 ukuze zimelane nokushaqeka komshini kanye nokucekelwa phansi. Ngaphakathi kweshasi, lawa madivayisi afaka amaprosesa esignali yedijithali ehlanganisiwe (ama-DSP) ukuze aphathe ukukhanselwa kwe-acoustic echo kanye nokunciphisa umsindo wangemuva.

Ama-intercom e-SIP anikwe amandla yividiyo anezela isendlalelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa okubonakalayo. Lawa mayunithi afakwe amalensi e-wide-engela, avame ukunikeza insimu yokubuka esukela kuma-degree angu-120 kuya kwangu-170 ukuze athwebule izivakashi kungakhathaliseki ukuphakama kwazo noma isikhundla sazo sokuma. Izinzwa zesithombe ezinencazelo ephezulu zinikeza isixazululo esingu-1080p, zisebenzisa ama-algorithms okucindezela ividiyo e-H.264 noma e-H.265. Lokhu kucindezela okuthuthukisiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusakazwa kwevidiyo esezingeni eliphezulu kungadluliselwa endaweni yokuphendula ngaphandle kokugcwalisa i-bandwidth yenethiwekhi yendawo, ngokuvamile edinga ama-2 kuya ku-4 Mbps kuphela okukhiphayo ngocingo lwevidiyo olusebenzayo.

Izingxenye zehadiwe nesofthiwe ezidingekayo

Ngale kweyunithi ye-intercom ebonakalayo, uhlelo luthembele ezingxenyeni eziningana zehadiwe kanye nesofthiwe. Injini yokuqondisa ephakathi yi-IP-PBX, engabanjwa endaweni, yenziwe nge-virtual ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sedatha senkampani, noma ilethwe njengeplatifomu ye-Unified Communications as a Service (UCaaS) esekelwe efwini. I-PBX igcina irejista ye-SIP futhi iphatha ukumepha okunengqondo kwezandiso kumakheli e-IP angokoqobo.

Ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi namandla kunikezwa ngamaswishi e-PoE. Nakuba i-802.3af ejwayelekile (15.4W) yanele kuma-intercom amaningi omsindo namavidiyo ayisisekelo, amayunithi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu ezidinga izinto zokushisa zangaphakathi avame ukudinga i-PoE+ (IEEE 802.3at), eletha kufika ku-30W nge-port ngayinye. Okokugcina, ingxenye yokufinyelela ngokomzimba idinga ihadiwe yomnyango kagesi—njengokukhiya okunamandla noma ukushaya kukagesi—exhunywe ngqo kuma-relay asebhodini le-intercom. Lawa ma-relay ngokuvamile alinganiswa ukushintsha imithwalo ye-12V noma ye-24V DC, okwenza isixhumanisi sokugcina ku-chain kusuka kumyalo we-SIP wedijithali kuya ekukhishweni komnyango ngokomzimba.

Indlela Izinhlelo ze-SIP Intercom Ezisebenza Ngayo

Ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-intercom lwe-SIP kuncike ekuhlukaniseni okuqinile phakathi kwendiza yokulawula—ephatha ukusethwa kwezingcingo, ukuguqulwa, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwazo—kanye nendiza yedatha, ehambisa ukusakazwa komsindo nevidiyo kwangempela. Lo mklamo ohlanganisiwe uvumela i-SIP ukuthi iguquguquke kakhulu, okwenza ikwazi ukuxoxisana ngamapharamitha okuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi angaba namakhono ehadiwe ahlukene kakhulu.

Ukubhaliswa kwe-SIP, Umzila Wezingcingo, kanye ne-RTP Media

Umjikelezo wokuphila weseshini ye-intercom uqala ngokubhaliswa kwe-SIP. Lapho iqala kabusha, i-intercom ithumela isicelo se-SIP REGISTER ku-PBX, iziqinisekisa isebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-MD5 noma i-SHA-256 digest futhi imemezela ikheli layo le-IP lamanje. Uma isibhalisiwe, i-intercom isilungele ukuqala izingcingo. Uma inkinobho yokushaya ucingo icindezelwa, iyunithi ithumela umlayezo we-SIP INVITE oqukethe umthwalo wokukhokha we-Session Description Protocol (SDP). I-SDP ichaza amakhono emidiya e-intercom, kufaka phakathi ama-codec alalelwayo asekelwayo (njenge-G.711 yezwi elijwayelekile, i-G.722 yomsindo we-wideband HD, noma i-Opus yezimo zenethiwekhi eziguquguqukayo) kanye nama-codec evidiyo.

I-PBX iyacubungula le INVITE bese iyithumela kusandiso esiqondiwe. Uma iqembu elimukelayo lamukela ucingo, umlayezo ongu-200 OK uthunyelwa ku-intercom, ulandelwe yi-ACK ukuze kuqedwe ukuxhawulana. Kuleli qophelo, isignali ye-SIP iyayeka, bese i-Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) ithatha izintambo zedatha. I-RTP isungula ukusakaza okuqondile kwemidiya phakathi kwe-intercom nedivayisi yokuphendula, okuqinisekisa ukulethwa okusheshayo kwamaphakethe omsindo namavidiyo nge-buffer encane.

Izidingo Zenethiwekhi Nokuphepha Kwe-inthanethi

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-intercom e-SIP empeleni ayizinto zenethiwekhi ezitholakala ngaphandle kwesakhiwo, aletha izidingo ezithile zokuphepha kwe-cyber kanye ne-topology yenethiwekhi. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi okungagunyaziwe ngekhebula le-Ethernet elingaphandle eliveziwe, abaklami bezokuphepha bahlukanisa ngokuqinile ama-intercom besebenzisa ama-Virtual Local Area Networks (ama-VLAN). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Network Access Control (i-NAC) esekelwe echwebeni esebenzisa indinganiso ye-IEEE 802.1X iqinisekisa ukuthi uma umuntu onobungozi ekhipha i-intercom futhi axhume i-laptop, i-switch port izokhubaza ngokushesha ukudluliswa kwedatha.

Ukuze kuvikelwe imithwalo yokuxhumana, ukuthunyelwa kwe-intercom ye-SIP yesimanje kuqinisekisa ukubethela kokubili kulawulo kanye nezinhlelo zedatha. Ukusayinwa kwe-SIP kubethelwe kusetshenziswa i-Transport Layer Security (TLS 1.2 noma 1.3), okudala uxhumano lwe-SIPS (SIP Secure) oluvimbela ukulalela idatha yokudlulisa izingcingo kanye namakhodi okuvula e-DTMF. Ukusakazwa kwemidiya ye-RTP kuvikelwe ngesikhathi esifanayo kusetshenziswa i-Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP), kusetshenziswa ama-cipher e-AES-128 noma e-AES-256 ukuvimbela ukucashelwa noma ukuphathwa kabi kokuphakelwa komsindo nevidiyo. Imithetho ye-Quality of Service (QoS) nayo iyimpoqo; abaphathi benethiwekhi kumele babeke uphawu lwethrafikhi yezwi ye-intercom nge-Differential Services Code Point (DSCP) value 46 (Expedited Forwarding) ukuze ibekwe phambili kunethrafikhi yedatha ejwayelekile.

Ukuhluleka, Ukushaya Okuphuthumayo, kanye nama-Audit Logs

Kwezentengiso kanyeizindawo zezimboni, ukutholakala okuphezulu akunakuxoxiswana ngakho. Izinhlelo ze-intercom ze-SIP zithola ukuqina ngokulungiswa kweseva ye-SIP okungafuneki. Ama-intercom angahlelwa ngamakheli e-IP e-PBX ayinhloko nawesibili. Uma iseva eyinhloko yehluleka ukuphendula ku-ping yokugcina i-SIP OPTIONS, i-intercom yehluleka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuya kuseva yesibili, ngokuvamile isebenzisa ukushintshana ngaphansi kwemizuzwana emi-5 ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kokulawula ukungena.

Izici zokushaya ucingo oluphuthumayo nazo zihlanganiswe ngokujulile emisebenzini ye-SIP. Ama-intercom aqokwe njengezindawo zosizo oluphuthumayo angahlelwa ukuze adlule ukwamukela kwendawo kanye nokuthumela izingcingo ngqo kubathumeli bezimo eziphuthumayo bangaphandle (isb., ama-PSAP) nge-SIP trunking. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthobela imithetho kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphepha, konke ukuthengiselana kwe-SIP kanye nemicimbi yesistimu kuyalogwa. Ama-intercom asunduza lawa malogi kumaseva aphakathi kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-Syslog. Lo mzila wokuhlola ubamba ukuxilongwa okubucayi, kufaka phakathi imizamo yokubhalisa i-SIP ehlulekile, amakhodi ephutha e-SIP 4xx/5xx, kanye nezitembu zesikhathi eziqondile ze-DTMF door unlock relay, okusiza ukuhlaziywa okuqinile kwe-forensic ngemuva kwesigameko.

Indlela Izinhlelo ze-SIP Intercom Eziqhathaniswa Ngayo Nezinye Izindlela

Imakethe yezokuphepha ebonakalayo inikeza izindlela eziningana zobuchwepheshe zokuxhumana kwezivakashi kanye nokulawula ukungena. Ngenkathi izinhlelo ezindala zisasebenza kuzo zonke izikhungo ezindala, imboni ibhekene noshintsho oluqondile oluya ezixazululweni ze-IP ezivulekile. Ukuqhathanisa izinhlelo ze-intercom ze-SIP nezindlela ze-analog kanye ne-IP ezizimele kugqamisa izinzuzo nemingcele yokwakha yendlela ngayinye.

I-SIP vs. Ama-Intercom e-Analog kanye ne-Proprietary IP

Ama-intercom e-analog amelela ukwakheka okudala kakhulu nokuqina kakhulu endaweni yokulawula ukufinyelela. Athembele kukhebula lethusi elizinikele elinama-wire amabili noma amane elixhumanisa isiteshi somnyango ngqo esiteshini esithile sokuphendula esiyinhloko. Le topology yokukhomba iphuzu ihlushwa ukulinganiselwa okukhulu kwebanga; ikhwalithi yomsindo we-analog ivame ukuqala ukwehla kakhulu ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-300 ngenxa yokumelana kukagesi kanye nokuncipha kwesignali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ze-analog azikwazi ukuhlangana kalula namanethiwekhi e-IT anamuhla, okuhlukanisa ukuphepha ngokomzimba ekuxhumaneni kwezinkampani.

Ama-intercom e-IP anelungelo lobunikazi axazulula izinkinga zekhebula kanye nebanga le-analog ngokusebenzisa i-Ethernet (enomkhawulo wamamitha ayi-100 kodwa enwebeka ngokungenamkhawulo nge-fiber optics kanye nokushintsha kwenethiwekhi). Kodwa-ke, asebenzisa izinqubo zokuxhumana ezivaliwe, eziqondene nomthengisi esikhundleni sezinga le-SIP elivulekile. Lokhu kukhiya ibhizinisi ekuthengeni iziteshi zokuphendula, amalayisense esofthiwe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwehadiwe kusuka kumkhiqizi oyedwa kuphela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-intercom e-SIP anikeza ukungakholelwa kwehadiwe. Ibhizinisi lingabhangqa i-I-intercom ye-SIP evela kumkhiqizi oyedwange-Cisco, i-Avaya, noma i-Asterisk PBX, futhi uphendule izingcingo kuma-softphone ajwayelekile e-SIP, ugweme ngokuphelele ukukhiya kwabathengisi.

Ama-Intercom e-SIP ane-Cloud PBX kanye nama-Platform okulawula ukufinyelela

Ukwehluka kwangempela kwama-intercom e-SIP kuyabonakala uma kuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zesimanje ze-Cloud PBX kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukufinyelela kwebhizinisi.Amapulatifomu e-PBX e-Cloud(njenge-Zoom Phone, i-Microsoft Teams nge-Direct Routing, noma i-RingCentral) ivumela ama-intercom e-SIP ukuthi asebenze ngaphandle kwengqalasizinda yeseva esendaweni. Isivakashi esicindezela inkinobho ye-intercom singashayela ngokushesha uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-smartphone lomqaphi ngenethiwekhi ye-5G, okuvumela amandla okulawula ukungena emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-intercom e-SIP asebenza njengamadivayisi asemaphethelweni ezinhlelo zokulawula ukufinyelela okubanzi ngokomzimba (i-PACS). Ama-intercom e-SIP athuthukisiwe afaka phakathi i-interface ye-Wiegand noma i-Open Supervised Device Protocol (i-OSDP) e-Wiegand. Lokhu kuvumela i-intercom ukuthi ifake umfundi wekhadi le-RFID noma isithwebuli se-biometric esihlanganisiwe. Ngokusekela i-OSDP Secure Channel (esebenzisa ukubethela kwe-AES-128), i-intercom ye-SIP idlulisela ngokuphephile idatha yokuqinisekisa emuva kuseva yokulawula ukufinyelela ephakathi ngenkathi iphatha iseshini yomsindo/ividiyo ye-SIP ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amayunithi e-SIP anamuhla asekela ama-API e-RESTful nama-Webhooks, okuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi baqalise izenzo ze-intercom ezenzakalelayo ngokusekelwe ezenzakalweni zokuphepha eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengokuvala ikhampasi ngomyalo wesofthiwe owodwa.

Indlela Yokukhetha, Ukusebenzisa, Nokugcina Uhlelo lwe-SIP Intercom

Ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo uhlelo lwe-intercom lwe-SIP kudinga indlela yobunjiniyela ehlelekile ehlanganisa igebe phakathi kokufakwa kokuphepha okungokoqobo kanye nokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi ye-IT. Ngenxa yokuthi la madivayisi ahamba phakathi kwezithiyo ezingokoqobo kanye nama-node enethiwekhi anengqondo, ukuthengwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kumele kuhlelwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kanye nokuhambisana.

Ucwaningo Lwendawo Nezidingo Zesistimu

Umjikelezo wokuphila kokufakwa uqala ngokuhlola indawo ephelele. Izindawo zokufaka ezibonakalayo zinquma imininingwane eqondile yehadiwe edingekayo. Isibonelo, i-intercom efakwe eduze komgwaqo omatasa noma imishini yezimboni kumele ihlolwe nge-acoustic; uma umsindo ozungezile uvame ukudlula ama-decibel angu-75 (dB), i-intercom ye-SIP ekhethiwe kumele ibe nokukhanselwa komsindo okusebenzayo kanye nemakrofoni enenzuzo ephezulu ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa komsindo okuzwakalayo. Ngokufanayo, ama-intercom evidiyo abhekene nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile adinga izinzwa zesithombe ezithuthukisiwe ezihlonyiswe ngamakhono e-Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) okungenani angu-120dB ukuvimbela izivakashi ukuthi zingabonakali njengezithombe ezimnyama ngemuva kwesizinda esikhanyayo.

Izidingo zesistimu kumele futhi zihlele i-topology yenethiwekhi. Onjiniyela benethiwekhi kumele banikeze amakheli e-IP angaguquki noma balungiselele ukubhukha kwe-DHCP endaweni ngayinye yokuphela kwe-intercom. Isabelomali samandla se-PoE kuzo zonke izishintshi zenethiwekhi kumele sibalwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla anele ayatholakala, ikakhulukazi uma ukufakwa kufaka phakathi amayunithi esiqondisi se-SIP anezinkinobho eziningi noma ama-intercom anezinto zokushisa zangaphakathi ezidonsa kakhulu zesimo sezulu esingaphansi kwe-zero.

Ukuhlela Ukuthobela Imithetho Nokuphepha

Ukuthobela imithetho yokwakha yendawo kanye nemithethonqubo yobumfihlo bedatha kuyisigaba esibalulekile senqubo yokuhlela. E-United States, ukufakwa kwe-intercom kumele kuhambisane noMthetho WaseMelika Okhubazekile (i-ADA). Lokhu kudinga imingcele eqinile yokukhweza ngokomzimba, njengokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezisebenzayo (inkinobho yokushaya ucingo) azikho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-48 ngaphezu kwephansi eliqediwe, nokuthi idivayisi inikeza kokubili impendulo ezwakalayo nebonakalayo (isb., inkomba ye-LED ekhanyisa lapho ucingo luphendulwa) kubasebenzisi abanenkinga yokuzwa.

Ngasohlangothini lokuphepha okunengqondo, imithethonqubo yobumfihlo bedatha efana ne-General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) ithonya indlela ama-intercom e-video SIP ahlelwa ngayo. Uma i-intercom isethelwe ukuqopha ividiyo njalo ku-Network Video Recorder (NVR) ngephrothokholi ye-ONVIF, abaphathi kumele balungiselele izinqubomgomo zokugcina ngokuzenzakalela. Ukuze bahambisane nezimiso zokunciphisa idatha, ividiyo kanye nemethadatha yokushaya ucingo lwe-SIP kufanele ngokuvamile kuhlanzwe ngemva komkhawulo oqinile, njengewindi lokushintshana lezinsuku ezingu-30, ngaphandle kokuthi kuhlatshwe umkhosi wophenyo oluthile lokuphepha.

Ukufaka Imishini, Ukuhlola, kanye Nokulungiswa Okuqhubekayo

Isigaba sokugcina sihlanganisa ukugunyazwa, ukuhlolwa okuqinile, kanye nokusungulwa kwezinqubo zokulungisa eziqhubekayo. Ngesikhathi sokugunyazwa, ochwepheshe kumele baqinisekise isimo sokubhaliswa kwe-SIP, baqinisekise ukuthi amathegi e-QoS asetshenziswa kahle kuwo wonke ama-hops enethiwekhi, futhi bahlole i-DTMF relay ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushaywa komnyango ngokomzimba kuyahlukana nesikhathi esifanele (ngokuvamile isikhathi sokuvula semizuzwana emi-3 kuya kwemi-5). Uma kwenzeka amaphutha eklayenti le-SIP 4xx noma amaphutha eseva ye-5xx, onjiniyela benethiwekhi basebenzisa amathuluzi okuthwebula amaphakethe (i-PCAP) njenge-Wireshark ukulandelela ukusayinwa kwe-SIP nokubona ukungahleleki kahle ohlelweni lokudayela lwe-PBX noma imithetho ye-firewall NAT.

Ukuze kulungiswe okuqhubekayo, ukusungula ishejuli yokuvuselelwa kwe-firmware kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kulungiswe ubuthakathaka be-VoIP obusanda kutholakala. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-intercom e-SIP angamadivayisi okuphepha abalulekile, abathengi bebhizinisi kufanele bakhethe ihadiwe ene-Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) eqinisekisiwe edlula amahora angu-50,000. Ukuhlanganisa ihadiwe ye-MTBF ephezulu nokuqapha kwenethiwekhi okuzenzakalelayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-intercom lwe-SIP luhlala luyingxenye ethembekile, ephephile, futhi etholakala kakhulu yesu lokulawula ukufinyelela elibanzi lenhlangano.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• I-intercom ye-SIP isebenza njengendawo yokugcina ye-VoIP, isebenzisa ingqalasizinda ejwayelekile ye-Ethernet ukuthwala isignali yomsindo, ividiyo, kanye nokulawula ukufinyelela.
• Ukuhambisa i-SIP kungadlulisela izingcingo zokungena ezingaphendulwanga ngemva komkhawulo omisiwe, njengemizuzwana eyi-15, kwelinye ideski, iqembu lezokuphepha, noma ithimba lokuqapha elingaphandle kwendawo.
• Abasebenzi bangavula iminyango bekude ngokuthumela imiyalo ye-DTMF, ngokuvamile nge-RFC 2833, ukuze baqalise i-intercom edluliselwe ngaphakathi.
• I-PoE ngaphansi kwe-IEEE 802.3af ingaletha idatha kanye namandla afinyelela ku-15.4 watts phezu kwekhebula elilodwa, okwenza kube lula ukufakwa kweminyango nesango.
• Ukusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ye-LAN kanye ne-PBX ekhona kunganciphisa izinhlelo ezingasasebenzi futhi kunganciphisa izindleko zokufaka amakhebula amasha ngo-40%.
• Uma ufuna izindawo zezimboni noma eziyingozi, khetha ama-intercom e-SIP aqinile anemiklamo engangenisi manzi, engangeni manzi, noma engaqhumi kanye nezitifiketi ezifanele.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Iyini uhlelo lwe-SIP intercom?

Uhlelo lwe-intercom lwe-SIP luyi-intercom esekelwe ku-IP esebenzisa i-Session Initiation Protocol ukuhambisa amasignali ezwi, ividiyo, kanye nokulawula umnyango ngenethiwekhi ye-VoIP esikhundleni sezintambo ze-analog ezizinikele.

I-intercom ye-SIP iwuvula kanjani umnyango?

Ngemva kokuba isivakashi sesiqinisekisiwe, umqhubi angathumela umyalo we-DTMF ngocingo lwe-SIP. I-intercom ithola isignali bese isebenzisa i-relay esebhodini exhunywe kukhiye womnyango.

Ingabe ama-intercom e-SIP angasebenza ne-PBX ekhona?

Yebo. Ama-intercom e-SIP angabhaliswa njengezindawo zokugcina kuzinhlelo eziningi ze-IP PBX noma ze-VoIP, okuvumela izingcingo ukuthi ziqondise kumafoni edeski, kuma-dispatch consoles, kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, noma kumaqembu okuphepha.

Kungani usebenzisa i-PoE ekufakweni kwe-SIP intercom?

Amandla phezu kwe-Ethernet avumela ikhebula elilodwa le-Cat5e noma le-Cat6 ukuthi lihlinzeke kokubili ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi kanye namandla, kunciphisa umsebenzi kagesi ohlukile futhi kube lula ukufakwa eminyango, emasangweni, nasezindaweni zosizo.

Ingabe ama-intercom e-SIP afanelekela izindawo zezimboni ezinzima?

Yebo, uma yakhelwe imvelo. Ama-intercom e-SIP aqinile angangenisi manzi, angangeni manzi, noma angaqhumi asetshenziswa ezimayini, uwoyela negesi, ezokuthutha, ezolwandle, amakhampasi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphepha.