Iyini Ucingo Oluvikela Ukuqhuma Futhi Lusebenza Kanjani

I-Anucingo olungangeni ukuqhumaiyithuluzi lokuxhumana elikhethekile elenzelwe ukusebenza ngokuphephile ezindaweni eziyingozi lapho kukhona khona amagesi avuthayo, umusi, noma uthuli. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlola ukwakheka kobuchwepheshe, amazinga okuphepha, kanye nezindlela zokusebenza ezivimbela la madivayisi ekubeni imithombo yokushisa ezindaweni zezimboni eziguquguqukayo.

Ukuchaza Ucingo Oluqinisekisa Ukuqhuma

An ucingo olungangeni ukuqhumaiyisiteshi sokuxhumana esinzima esenzelwe ukuvimba izinhlansi zangaphakathi noma ukushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azivuthi izingozi zomkhathi ezizungezile. Lawa madivayisi ayizingxenye eziyisisekelo engqalasizinda yokuphepha yezindawo zokuhluza uwoyela, izitshalo zamakhemikhali, kanye nemisebenzi yokumba ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngokungafani namafoni ajwayelekile ezimboni, amamodeli angaqhumi ahlolwa kanzima ukuze ahlangabezane nezilinganiso ezithile zokuvikelwa komhlaba wonke, njenge-ATEX noma i-IECEx.

Ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bokusebenza, abakhiqizi bafanaI-Siniwogxila ezintweni zokuhlala eziqinile kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezihlukanisiwe. Lawa madivayisi aqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho noma kwenzeka iphutha likagesi langaphakathi, amandla avelayo awanele ukuqala ukuqhuma kwangaphandle.

Isebenza Kanjani Ucingo Oluvikela Ukuqhuma?

Isimiso esiyinhloko sokusebenza kwefoni engaqhumi ukuvimbela amandla kanye nokupholisa amagesi aphumayo. Uma kwenzeka i-arc kagesi ngaphakathi kwesekethe yefoni, indawo ebiyelwe eqinisiwe ivimbela ingaphambili lomlilo ukuthi lingafiki emoyeni wangaphandle oyingozi. Umklamo usebenzisa "izindlela zomlilo" - izikhala ezakhiwe kahle emajoyintini ezindlu - ezipholisa amagesi aphumayo ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lawo lomlilo ngaphambi kokuba aphume kudivayisi.

Enye indlela esetshenziswayo ukuphepha kwangaphakathi (IS). Le ndlela ikhawulela amandla kagesi nokushisa ngaphakathi kwedivayisi emazingeni angaphansi kwalokho okudingekayo ukuze kuvuswe ingxube ethile eyingozi yomoya. Ngokusebenzisa izingxenye ze-voltage ephansi kanye nama-resistor akhawulela ugesi, ifoni ihlala ingakwazi ukukhiqiza inhlansi enamandla anele okubangela ukusha.

Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zokuvikela Ekuxhumaneni Okuyingozi

Onjiniyela basebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokuvikela ezihlukile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokuxhumana ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zifaka phakathi i-“Ex d” (Engashisi) kanye ne-“Ex i” (Ukuphepha Kwangaphakathi). Ukuqonda lezi zindlela kubalulekile ekukhetheni imishini efanele yezindawo ezithile zemvelo ezichazwe yi-Ikhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke (i-NEC).

Ubuqotho Bezinto Ezibonakalayo kanye Nomklamo Wendawo Ebiyelwe

Ukuqina kwefoni engaqhumi kuncike kakhulu ezintweni zayo ezivalekile, okumele zimelane nokushaqeka ngokomzimba kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali. Amamodeli amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu asebenzisa i-aluminium alloy noma i-glass-reinforced polyester (GRP). I-aluminium inikeza amandla amahle kakhulu esakhiwo, kuyilapho i-GRP ikhethwa ezindaweni ezigqwala kakhulu, njengezinkundla zokumba zasogwini lapho ukufuthwa kukasawoti kuhlala khona njalo.

Amafoni efoni asezimbonini eSiniwozivame ukuhlanganiswa kulezi zinhlelo, ezinama-polymer amelana nokushayisana kanye nezintambo ezivikelwe. Indawo ebiyelwe kumele ifinyelele isilinganiso esiphezulu sokuvikelwa kokungena (i-IP), ngokuvamile i-IP66 noma i-IP67, ukuvimbela ukungena kothuli olucolekile kanye namajethi amanzi anomfutho ophezulu.

Ukubaluleka Kwezitifiketi ze-ATEX kanye ne-IECEx

Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemishini engaqhumi.Isiqondiso se-ATEX(i-European Union) kanye ne-Uhlelo lwe-IECEx(I-International Electrotechnical Commission) inikeza uhlaka lokuhlola kanye nesitifiketi. Lezi zindinganiso zihlukanisa izindawo zibe “Izindawo” ngokusekelwe ekuvameni kanye nobude bokuba khona komkhathi oqhumayo.

Ngokuvumelana neIzindinganiso ze-IEC 60079, imishini kumele ilebhelwe ngezinga layo lokuvikela elithile, iqembu legesi (isb., i-IIB noma i-IIC), kanye nesigaba sokushisa (isilinganiso se-T). Isibonelo, isilinganiso se-T6 sibonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lobuso bedivayisi ngeke lidlule ku-85°C, okwenza kube kuphephile ezindaweni ezinamagesi aphansi okushisa.

Ukuqhathanisa: Ubufakazi Bokuqhuma vs. Izingcingo Ezingangenisi Isimo Sezulu

Nakuba zombili izinhlobo zamadivayisi “ziyizimboni,” zenza imisebenzi ehlukene yokuphepha. Ucingo oluvikela isimo sezulu luvikela ezintweni zemvelo njengemvula nothuli, kodwa alunawo amandla okulawula ngaphakathi njengemodeli evikela ukuqhuma. Endaweni eyingozi, ukusebenzisa ifoni ejwayelekile evikela isimo sezulu kungaholela emlilweni omkhulu uma kuvela inhlansi yangaphakathi.

Izici Ezithuthukisiwe Kumafoni Ezindawo Eziyingozi Zanamuhla

Izingcingo zesimanje ezingangeni ukuqhuma ziye zathuthuka ngale kokudlulisa izwi okulula ukuze zifake ukuhlanganiswa kwedijithali. Amayunithi amaningi manje asekela amaphrothokholi e-Voice over IP (VoIP), avumela ukuthi ahlanganiswe kalula nengqalasizinda ye-IT ebanzi yesikhungo. Lokhu kushintsha kwenza kube lula ukuqapha ukuxilonga okukude kanye nokusetshenziswa kweAmakhibhodi ezimboni kaSiniwoukuze uthole ukuzulazula okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemenyu kanye nokudayela okusheshayo okuphuthumayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bokukhansela umsindo bubalulekile. Izindawo zezimboni zivame ukuba nomsindo omkhulu, amazinga omsindo ozungezile adlula ama-90dB. Ama-handset asebenza kahle kakhulu asebenzisa amamakrofoni akhethekile ukuhlunga umsindo womshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okucacile ngesikhathi sezinqubo eziphuthumayo.

Izidingo Zokufaka Nokulungisa

Ukufakwa okufanele kubaluleke njengehadiwe ngokwayo ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho "obuvikela ukuqhuma". Zonke izinto ezifakiwe zekhebula kumele zivalwe ngezindlala eziqinisekisiwe ezingavumeli ukuqhuma ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudlula kwamalangabi ohlelweni lomsele. Uma uphawu olulodwa lusengozini, isilinganiso sonke sokuphepha sokufakwa siyavalwa.

Amashejuli okulungisa avamile kufanele afake phakathi ukuhlola ubuqotho beIzesekeli zezimboni ze-Siniwo, njengezintambo ezigobile kanye nezinkinobho zokubopha. Abasebenzi bokulungisa kumele baqinisekise ukuthi “izindlela zomlilo” azinawo upende, ukugqwala, noma imfucumfucu, njengoba noma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa noma umonakalo kulezi zindawo kungavumela ilangabi ukuba liphume endaweni ebiyelwe.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokukhetha Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Lapho kuthengwa imishini yokuxhumana yezindawo eziyingozi, izikhulu zokuphepha kufanele zilandele inqubo yokuhlola ehlelekile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ekhethiwe ifanelana nezingozi ezithile zesikhungo.

1. Hlela iNdawo ngokwezigaba:Thola ukuthi indawo iyi-Zone 0, 1, noma 2 (noma i-Class I, Div 1/2).

2. Thola Amaqembu Egesi/Uthuli:Qondanisa ifoni nezinto ezithile ezikhona (isib., i-Hydrogen idinga isilinganiso se-IIC).

3. Hlola Isigaba Sokushisa:Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa le-T liphansi kunezinga lokushisa lokushisa lamakhemikhali endawo.

4. Hlola Ukuxhumana:Khetha phakathi kwe-Analog (PSTN) noma i-Digital (VoIP/SIP) ngokusekelwe engqalasizinda ekhona.

5. Hlola Ukuqina:Qinisekisa isilinganiso se-IP kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto nezinto ezilimazayo zendawo.

Indima Yokuxhumana Ekuphenduleni Okuphuthumayo

Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo sesikhungo, ucingo olungaqhumi lusebenza njengomthombo wokuphila kwabasebenzi. Lawa madivayisi avame ukuhlonyiswa ngezici "ze-hotline", lapho kuphakamisa khonaAma-handset angenakuqhuma eSiniwoixwayisa ngokuzenzakalelayo igumbi lokulawula eliphakathi. Ukuthembeka kulezi zikhathi akunakuxoxiswana ngakho, njengoba omakhalekhukhwini abajwayelekile kanye nemisakazo kungase kungavunyelwe ngenxa yezingozi zabo zokusha.

Ochwepheshe bemboni e-I-OSHAgcizelela ukuthi ukuxhumana okuthembekile kuyisisekelo sokuphepha emsebenzini ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu. Ukuba nama-terminal aqinile, angaqhumi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kuyaqhubeka kwenzeka ngisho noma amanethiwekhi angenantambo ehluleka noma amadivayisi asebenza ngebhethri encishisiwe.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ngingayisebenzisa yini ifoni ephathekayo ejwayelekile endaweni engaqhumi?

Cha, omakhalekhukhwini abajwayelekile “abaphephile ngokwendalo” futhi bangakhiqiza izinhlansi noma ukushisa okukwazi ukukhanyisa imimoya evuthayo. Ama-smartphone aqinisekisiwe aphephile ngokwendalo noma omakhalekhukhwini abangaqhumi kahle kuphela okufanele basetshenziswe ukuvimbela izinhlekelele ezingaba khona ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezingcingo ze-ATEX Zone 1 kanye ne-Zone 2?

Izingcingo ze-Zone 1 zenzelwe izindawo lapho kungenzeka khona kube nomoya oqhumayo ekusebenzeni okuvamile. Izingcingo ze-Zone 2 zenzelwe izindawo lapho isimo esinjalo singenakwenzeka khona, noma sizoba khona isikhathi esifushane, sidinga amazinga okuvikela ahlukene.

Ingabe izingcingo ezingaqhumi zidinga izintambo ezikhethekile ukuze zifakwe?

Yebo, lawa madivayisi kumele afakwe kusetshenziswa izintambo ezivikelwe kanye nezindlala noma imibhobho eqinisekisiwe engaqhumi. Uma kwenzeka amamodeli aphephile ngokwemvelo, kumele axhunywe ngesithiyo sokuphepha esinciphisa inani lamandla kagesi angena endaweni eyingozi.

Ngingayihlanza kanjani ifoni engaqhumi ngaphandle kokuyilimaza?

Ukuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe ngendwangu emanzi ukuvimbela ukwakheka kukagesi ongashintshi. Gwema ukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi zamakhemikhali ezinamandla ezingalimaza i-GRP noma i-aluminium alloy housing. Njalo bheka incwadi yemiyalelo yomenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokuhlanza aziphazamisi ubuqotho besivalo.

Kuyini "isilinganiso se-T" kudivayisi engaqhumi?

Isilinganiso se-T, noma i-Temperature Class, sibonisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu lobuso idivayisi engalifinyelela ngaphansi kwezimo zamaphutha. Isibonelo, isilinganiso se-T4 sisho ukuthi ubuso ngeke budlule ku-135°C, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke buvuthe amagesi anezinga lokushisa lokushisa okuzenzakalelayo elingaphezu kwalowo mkhawulo.