Izinhlelo zocingo ezingaqhumi eziqinisekiswe yi-ATEX zingamadivayisi okuxhumana akhethekile aklanyelwe izindawo eziyingozi lapho amagesi avuthayo, umusi, noma uthuli kudala khona izingozi zokushisa ezingaba khona. Ukuthengwa kwalezi zinhlelo kudinga ukuqonda amazinga okuqinisekisa, izidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, kanye neziqu zomhlinzeki ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho yokuphepha endaweni yokusebenza. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza indlela ehlelekile yokuthenga imishini eqinisekiswe yi-ATEX yezicelo zezimboni, zamakhemikhali, kanye nezezimayini.

Ukuqonda Isitifiketi se-ATEX Semishini Yokuxhumana

Isitifiketi se-ATEX sivela kumyalelo we-ATmosphere EXplosibles, uhlaka lokulawula lwe-European Union oluchaza izigaba zemishini yezindawo eziyingozi. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa amadivayisi okuxhumana afanaizingcingo zangaphandle eziphephile ngokwangaphakathi ezivikela ukuqhuma kwezimboni zezitshalo zamakhemikhaliukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile zokuphepha ezindaweni zegesi nothuli.

Isiqondiso se-ATEX sika-2014/34/EU sihlukanisa imishini ngamaqembu ngokusekelwe endaweni yokusetshenziswa. Iqembu I lihlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimayini, kanti iQembu II likhuluma ngezimboni ezingaphandle. Ngaphakathi kwala maqembu, izigaba zemishini zisukela kuSigaba 1 (izinga lokuvikela eliphakeme kakhulu) kuya kuSigaba 3 (ukuvikelwa okujwayelekile). Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kusiza amaqembu okuthenga akhethe okufaneleimikhiqizo ejwayelekile yokuphepha kwezimayiniezindaweni ezithile zokusebenza.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zezinhlelo Zocingo Ezingaqhumi

Amafoni aqinile angaqhumi aqinisekiswe yi-ATEX aqukethe izinto eziningana ezibalulekile zokuklama eziwahlukanisa nezingcingo zezimboni ezijwayelekile. Lezi zici zifaka phakathi izivalo eziqinisiwe ezinesilinganiso se-IP65 noma ngaphezulu, amasekethe aphephile ngaphakathi akhawulela amandla kagesi ngaphansi kwemingcele yokushisa, kanye nezinto eziqinile ezingamelani nokugqwala kanye nomthelela ongokomzimba. Amakhono okuxhumana okuphuthumayo njengokusebenza kokudayela okuzenzakalelayo abalulekile ku-Izinhlelo zocingo ze-SOS eziphuthumayo ezisetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni okuphuthumayo komphakathi.

Izingcingo zendawo eyingozi kumele futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zokuhlukanisa izinga lokushisa, kusukela ku-T1 kuya ku-T6, okubonisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu aphezulu. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi i-aluminium yezinga lolwandle, insimbi engagqwali, noma izinhlanganisela ezingamelani nokushayisana.

Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Zokuthengwa Kwempahla Eziqondene Nesicelo

Izindawo ezahlukene eziyingozi zidinga imininingwane yocingo engaqhumi. Izikhungo zokucubungula amakhemikhali ngokuvamile zidinga imishini eqinisekisiwe ye-Zone 1 noma ye-Zone 2 ekwazi ukumelana nezinto ezigqwalisayo kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwegumbi elihlanzekile kungase kube yinto ebaluleke kakhuluizinhlelo ze-intercom eziphuthumayo ezingenalo uthuliezigcina izimo ezihlanzekile ngenkathi zihlinzeka ngokuxhumana okuthembekile. Amapulatifomu kawoyela negesi adinga imishini enokumelana nesimo sezulu okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza.

Imisebenzi yokumba izinselele ezihlukile ezidinga imishini eqinisekisiwe ngezingxube zothuli negesi ye-methane ezingaba khona. Ukufakwa komhlaba kudinga ukwakhiwa okuqinile okukwazi ukusinda emiphumeleni ebonakalayo evela emishinini noma ekuweni kwamadwala. Izikhungo zokumba ezingaphezulu zingasebenzisa imishini ejwayelekile ye-ATEX enokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwemvelo. Indawo ngayinye esetshenziswayo idinga ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ngokucophelela ngokwezindinganiso ze-IEC 60079-10-1 kanye ne-IEC 60079-10-2.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Ukuhlolwa Kwabahlinzeki kanye Nokufaneleka

Ukukhetha abahlinzeki abafanelekayo bemishini eqinisekisiwe ye-ATEX kuhilela ukuqinisekisa izici eziningana ezibalulekile. Umlando oqinisekisiwe wemishini yokuxhumana yendawo eyingozi ubonisa ubuchwepheshe babahlinzeki kanye nokuthembeka komkhiqizo. Amakhono okusekela ubuchwepheshe aqinisekisa ukufakwa okufanele, ukuqalwa, kanye nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo. Izinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso zivumela ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo ezithile zesikhungo kanye nengqalasizinda yokuxhumana ekhona.

• Qinisekisa imibhalo yesitifiketi se-ATEX kanye nemibiko yokuhlola evela eceleni
• Qinisekisa isitifiketi se-IECEx noma se-NEC sokuhambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe
• Buyekeza imigomo yesiqinisekiso somkhiqizo kanye nokusekelwa okuqondene nezwe elithile
• Hlola amakhono okwenza ngokwezifiso izidingo zokufaka ezihlukile
• Hlola izikhathi zokukhokha kanye nokutholakala kwempahla yokushintsha izinto eziphuthumayo
• Hlola izinkomba ezivela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo zomkhakha
• Buyekeza izinto ezicatshangelwayo zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi zezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezinethiwekhi ngayinyeIziqondiso zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi ze-NIST

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindleko Nokuhlela Isabelomali

Izinhlelo zocingo ezingaqhumi eziqinisekiswe yi-ATEX zimelela ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezingcingo zezimboni ezijwayelekile. Izingcingo ze-ATEX zezinga lokuqala ziqala ku-$800 kuya ku-$2,000, kuyilapho izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ezinezici eziphuthumayo ezihlanganisiwe zingadlula u-$5,000 ngeyunithi ngayinye. Izindleko eziphelele zohlelo zifaka phakathi izinto zokufaka, izinsizakalo zokugunyaza, kanye nezinkontileka zokulungisa eziqhubekayo. Izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi zidlulela ngale kokuthenga kokuqala ukuze zihlanganise ukuqeqeshwa, isitokwe sezingxenye ezisele, kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ukwabiwa kwesabelomali kufanele kubhekele izidingo zengqalasizinda ezifanaizindawo zokuvala ucingo zangaphandle zezimboni ezingangeni manziezivikela imishini ezindaweni eziveziwe. Ukuguqulwa kwengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi kungadingeka ukusekela izindawo ezintsha zokuxhumana. Ukuhlanganiswa kohlelo lokuxhumana oluphuthumayo nemishini yegumbi lokulawula ekhona kunezela ubunzima kanye nezindleko kodwa kuthuthukisa amakhono okuphendula okusebenza.

Izidingo Zokufaka Nokugunyaza

Ukufakwa kahle kwamafoni aqinisekisiwe yi-ATEX kudinga ukunamathela ezimisweni zokuphepha eziqinile ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqalisa ukusebenza. Izindawo zokufaka kumele zinikeze indawo eyanele emithonjeni engaba yingozi futhi ziqinisekise ukufinyeleleka komqhubi ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Ukuhanjiswa kwekhebula ezindaweni eziyingozi kudinga izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvala nokuvikela. Ukuxhumeka kwesisekelo kumele kuhlangabezane nemininingwane yomkhiqizi ukuze kugcinwe isitifiketi sokuphepha sangaphakathi.

Izinqubo zokufaka isicelo kufanele zifake ukuqinisekiswa kwazo zonke izici zokuphepha, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamakhono okuxhumana okuphuthumayo, kanye nokubhalwa kwemigomo yokufaka.izixazululo zokuxhumana zezimbonikudinga ukubambisana phakathi kwabaphakeli bemishini, abahlanganisi bezinhlelo, kanye nezikhulu zokuphepha kwezikhungo. Amashejuli okuhlola nokulungisa avamile aqinisekisa ukuhambisana okuqhubekayo nezidingo ze-ATEX kuyo yonke impilo yemishini.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kokugcinwa Nokuhambisana Nemithetho

Ukuhambisana nesitifiketi se-ATEX okuqhubekayo kudinga ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha njalo. Ukuhlolwa kwemishini kufanele kufake phakathi ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo komonakalo, ukuqinisekiswa kobuqotho bendawo ebiyelwe, kanye nokuhlolwa kwemisebenzi ephuthumayo. Ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele ezivela kubahlinzeki kuqinisekisa ukulungiswa ngesikhathi ngaphandle kwesikhathi eside sokungasebenzi komkhiqizo. Izinkontileka zokulungisa nochwepheshe abaqinisekisiwe zinikeza isiqinisekiso sezinqubo zesevisi ezifanele.

Izidingo zemibhalo zifaka phakathi izingodo zokulungisa, amarekhodi okulungisa, kanye namashejuli okuvuselela izitifiketi. Izinguquko endaweni yemishini noma yokufaka zingadinga ukuqinisekiswa kabusha ngaphansi kwemiyalelo yamanje ye-ATEX. Izinhlangano kufanele zisungule izinqubo zangaphakathi zokuphathaimikhiqizo yokuxhumana yezimbonikuyo yonke impilo yabo yokusebenza ukuze balondoloze ukuthobela imithetho yokuphepha kanye nokuma kwemithetho.

Isiphetho

Ukuthengwa kwezinhlelo zefoni ezivikelwe yi-ATEX ezivikelwe ukuqhuma kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezimfuneko zesitifiketi, imininingwane yesicelo, kanye namakhono omphakeli. Izinhlangano kufanele zimise izindlela zokuthenga ezicacile ngokusekelwe ekuhlukanisweni kwezindawo eziyingozi kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Ukutshalwa kwezimali emishinini esezingeni eliphezulu evela kubahlinzeki abafanelekile kunikeza izinzuzo zokuphepha nokuthembeka zesikhathi eside.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yikuphi ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ze-ATEX okudinga izinhlelo zocingo ezingaqhumi?

Izindawo ze-Zone 0, i-Zone 1, kanye ne-Zone 2 ezinezimo ezingase ziqhume zidinga imishini eqinisekisiwe ye-ATEX. I-Zone 0 imele ukuba khona kwengozi okuqhubekayo, i-Zone 1 ikhombisa ukwenzeka kwengozi okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, kanti i-Zone 2 ihlanganisa izimo zengozi ezingalindelekile ngezikhathi ezimfushane. Ukukhetha kuncike ekuhlukanisweni kwesikhungo esithile ngokwezindinganiso ze-IEC 60079-10.

Isitifiketi se-ATEX sihlala isikhathi esingakanani emishinini yokuxhumana?

Isitifiketi se-ATEX ngokwaso asiphelelwa yisikhathi, kodwa imishini kumele ihlolwe futhi ilungiswe njalo ukuze ihambisane nemithetho. Izikhawu zesevisi ezinconywa ngumkhiqizi zivame ukuba phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingama-36 kuye ngesigaba semishini kanye nendawo yokusebenza. Ukulungiswa noma izinguquko ezinkulu kungadinga ukuvuselelwa kabusha.

Ingabe imishini ye-ATEX ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingeyona ingozi?

Imishini eqinisekisiwe ye-ATEX ingafakwa ezindaweni ezingeyona ingozi ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesitifiketi. Kodwa-ke, ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko kungenza amafoni ezimboni ajwayelekile angabizi kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenazo izingozi zokuqhuma. Imishini ye-ATEX inikeza ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuvikela isimo sezulu okungazuzisa izindawo zezimboni ezinzima.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezilinganiso eziphephile ngokwemvelo kanye nezilinganiso ezingaphumi?

Imishini ephephile ngaphakathi inciphisa amandla kagesi ukuze ivimbele ukusha ngokuklama. Izivalo ezingaqhumi ziqukethe noma yikuphi ukusha ngaphakathi kwendlu, okuvimbela ukusabalala komlilo emoyeni ozungezile. Zombili lezi zindlela zifeza ukuphepha ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngokukhetha kuye ngezidingo zokusetshenziswa kanye nokutholakala kwamandla.

Ngingaqinisekisa kanjani izimangalo zesitifiketi se-ATEX somhlinzeki?

Cela amakhophi ezitifiketi ze-ATEX bese uziqinisekisa ngesizindalwazi se-ATEX seKhomishini yaseYurophu noma inhlangano enolwazi efanele. Hlola izinombolo zokuhlonza inhlangano enolwazi uma uqhathanisa nokubhaliswa okusemthethweni. Cela izinkomba ezivela kuzicelo ezifanayo bese uqinisekisa iziqinisekiso zelebhu zokuhlola zeqembu lesithathu.