Yikuphi okungcono ezikhungweni zomphakathi, ifoni engabhubhisi noma ifoni engangenisi isimo sezulu?

• Ukumelana nokucekelwa phansi kubhekana nokuthinteka, ukuhlushwa, ukuphazanyiswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi okuphindaphindiwe; ukuvikela isimo sezulu kubhekana nokuchayeka emanzini, uthuli, ukugqwala, kanye nokuchayeka ku-UV.
• Ukuze kukhulunywe esidlangalaleni ngaphandle, ukuvikelwa kokungena kanye nokumelana nokushayisana kufanele kuhlolwe ndawonye, ​​hhayi njengezihlungi zokuthenga ezihlukene.
• Izimo zokusetshenziswa eziphuthumayo zidinga ukucaca, ukufinyeleleka, kanye nokuthembeka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka, hhayi nje idivayisi evulayo.
• Izindinganiso ezifana nokuthiIzilinganiso ze-IP ze-IECfuthiI-ASTM F2388kusiza ekuchazeni okulindelwe ukusebenza okuvivinywayo.

Ekuxhumaneni kwezikhungo zomphakathi, impendulo efanele ayivamile ukuba “ifoni engangenisi simo sezulu” noma “ifoni engangenisi umonakalo”; yidivayisi ehambisana nemodi yokwehluleka kwangempela, ukuvezwa kokufakwa, kanye nesidingo sempendulo. Isibonelo, imishini enesilinganiso se-IP66 ayivali uthuli futhi ivikelwe kumajethi amanzi anamandla ngaphansi kwe-IEC 60529, kuyilapho ukuqina kwemishini yangaphandle kungadinga futhi inhloso yokushaya ephezulu njenge-IK10, evame ukuchazwa ohlakeni lokuvikela ukushaya lwe-IEC. Lokho kubalulekile ngoba indawo yosizo esiteshini, ifoni yesikole, kanye nebhokisi lokushaya ucingo oluphuthumayo eceleni komgwaqo zibhekene nezingozi ezahlukene kakhulu. Uma isayithi lakho lifaka ukuvezwa emoyeni ovulekile, ukufinyelela komphakathi jikelele, noma ukuhlukunyezwa okuphindaphindiwe, buyekezaimikhiqizo yokuxhumana yezikhungo zomphakathi, qhathanisaifoni engavimbeli umonakalongeifoni engangenisi simo sezulu, bese uhlola ukuthi ukufakwa nakho kuyayidinga yiniucingo oluphuthumayonomaumlingani wokuxhumana kwezimboniezingasekela ukucaciswa, ukufakwa, kanye nokugcinwa.

Ucingo Olungavimbeli Ukubhujiswa Kwemvelo Uma Luqhathaniswa Nocingo Olungavimbeli Isimo Sezulu Lokuxhumana Kwezikhungo Zomphakathi

Ucingo olumelana nokucekelwa phansi luklanyelwe ukusinda ekusetshenzisweni kabi ngabantu, kanti ucingo olumelana nesimo sezulu luklanyelwe ukusinda ekuchayekeni kwemvelo; ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ekutheni yiluphi usongo olungase luphule ukuxhumana kuqala.

Izikhungo zomphakathi zivame ukuhlanganisa zombili izingozi, kodwa iphethini yokwehluleka ivame ukunquma umndeni womkhiqizo. Ehholo lesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba, ifoni ingaba ngaphakathi kodwa isavezwe ukukhahlela, ukudonswa okulengayo, izinhlamvu zemali, uketshezi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okungaziwa okuphindaphindiwe. Endaweni yokupaka izimoto esogwini, ingozi enkulu ingaba ukugqwala, amanzi achithekile, kanye nokuguga kwe-ultraviolet kunokuhlaselwa okuqondile. Ngokusho kwe-IEC 60529, i-IP66 isho ukuvikelwa okungenathuli kanye nokumelana namajethi amanzi anamandla, okuwusizo ekufakweni kwangaphandle; noma kunjalo, leso silinganiso sodwa asiqinisekisi ukumelana nokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, abathengi abaningi babheka nokuqina komthelela, izibambo ezingaphazanyiswa, izingwegwe zensimbi, izintambo ezivikelwe, kanye nezingxenye ezivaliwe.

Ekuthengeni okungokoqobo, umbuzo awugcini nje ngokuthi “Ingashaya ucingo?” kodwa futhi uthi “Ingaqhubeka nokwenza izingcingo ngemva kwezinkulungwane zokuxhumana komphakathi?” Kumasayithi anabantu abaningi, ukukhetha ukuxhumana kwezikhungo zomphakathi okufanele kuvame ukuqala ngokwehluleka okuvamile: ukucekelwa phansi, ukungena kwesifutho, ukugqwala kwesixhumi, noma ukunganakwa kokulungiswa. Uma idivayisi kumele isinde kokubili ekusetshenzisweni kabi kanye nesimo sezulu, i-enclosure, ikhiphedi, i-handset, kanye nendlela yokufaka kufanele kuhlolwe njengohlelo, hhayi njengezici ezihlukile.

Lokho ifoni evikela ukucekela phansi ekuxazululayo ngempela

Ucingo olumelana nokucekelwa phansi luxazulula inkinga yomonakalo ohlosiwe, ukuphathwa kabi okuphindaphindiwe, kanye nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.

Lawa madivayisi avame ukucaciswa ngamajele, izindawo zokuthutha abantu, izinkundla zemidlalo, amakhampasi, imigudu, kanye nezindawo zokupaka. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubunjiniyela akukhona ukuqina kobuhle; ukuqhubeka kokusebenza ngemva kokushayisana, amandla e-lever, ukudonsa ucingo, kanye nemizamo yokuvula noma yokususa iyunithi. Izinto ezijwayelekile zokuklama zifaka ama-faceplate ensimbi engagqwali, izinkinobho ezivalwe ngentambo, izinto ezifihliwe, izintambo ezivikelwe noma eziqiniswe ngensimbi, kanye nezindawo zokubeka ezikhawulela amaphuzu okusebenzisa i-leverage. Ezindaweni eziningi zomphakathi, i-handset iyingxenye esengozini kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-handset engenawo ucingo noma engenawo ucingo inganciphisa ingozi yokuphuka.

Ngokombono wezindinganiso, umthelela kanye nokungena kufanele kuphathwe ngokwehlukana. I-IEC 60529 ichaza ikhodi ye-IP yokuvikela uthuli namanzi, kuyilapho umthelela womshini uvame ukuhlolwa ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-IK ku-IEC 62262. Ngakho-ke idivayisi ingase ivalwe ngokuphelele yisimo sezulu kodwa isaphuke ngaphansi kokushaywa okukhulu, noma ingamelana nomthelela kodwa yehluleke endaweni emanzi. Yingakho abathengi befoni abamelana nokucekela phansi kufanele bacele ubufakazi bezemvelo kanye nobemishini, hhayi nje isimangalo sokumaketha. Kumaphrojekthi anengozi yokusetshenziswa kabi njalo, imodeli eqinile evelaizixazululo zocingo zezimboningokuvamile ifaneleka kakhulu kune-handset ejwayelekile yangaphandle.

Lokho ifoni engangenisi isimo sezulu okuxazulula ngempela

Ucingo olumelana nesimo sezulu luxazulula inkinga yokuchayeka isikhathi eside emvuleni, usawoti, uthuli, i-UV, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

Lesi sigaba sifaneleka kakhulu emigwaqweni yangaphandle, ezindaweni ezisogwini lolwandle, emagcekeni ezimboni, ezindaweni zokulayisha imithwalo, amapulatifomu amabhasi, kanye nokufakwa eceleni komgwaqo lapho imvelo, hhayi umsebenzisi, kuyisongo esiyinhloko. Ukuvikela isimo sezulu kumayelana nokuvala, izinto zokwakha, ukudonsa amanzi, kanye nokuqina kokushisa. Uma indawo ebiyelwe ibamba umswakama noma iwohloka ku-UV, idivayisi ingase yehluleke isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba izinto zikagesi zifike ekupheleni kokuphila. Idatha yezinto ze-NIST mayelana nokugqwala kanye nesimo sezulu igcizelela ukuthi ukuqina kwangaphandle kuncike emphumeleni ohlangene womswakama, usawoti, ukukhanya, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, hhayi into eyodwa kuphela.

Ngokuxhumana kwezikhungo zomphakathi, lokhu kusho ukuthi umkhiqizo kufanele wahlulelwe ngephrofayili ephelele yokuchayeka. Indawo yokukhosela ibhasi elinemvula idinga ukumelana namanzi kanye nokulebula okufundekayo. Indawo yokuhamba ogwini lolwandle idinga ukubekezelela inkungu kasawoti kanye nehadiwe engagqwali. Ukufakwa enyakatho kungadinga ukuziphatha kokuqala kokushisa okuphansi kanye nokuguquguquka kwekhebula ezimweni ezibandayo. Uma indawo imbi kakhulu kodwa ukusetshenziswa kabi kuphansi, ifoni engangenisi isimo sezulu ivame ukuba yisinqumo esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma ukusetshenziswa kabi kubi kakhulu futhi isimo sezulu simaphakathi, ifoni engangenisi umonakalo ngokuvamile iyindlela engcono yokutshala imali. Uma kokubili kunzima, impendulo iyunithi yangaphandle eqinile ehlanganisiwe.

Indlela yokukhetha phakathi kwazo ngokwesimo sokufakwa

Ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kuba sobala uma uhlela imodi yokwehluleka kwesayithi enobungozi obukhulu.

Ithebula elingezansi linikeza umbono ogxile ekuthengweni kokukhethwa kokuxhumana kwezikhungo zomphakathi. Akwanele ukubuza ukuthi ifoni ifakwe kuphi; udinga ukwazi ukuthi ubani ongayifinyelela, ukuthi isetshenziswa kangaki, nokuthi yini engayenza yehluleke kuqala.

Kumaphrojekthi amaningi omphakathi, isinqumo singancishiswa sibe yimibuzo emithathu: ingabe indawo ibhekene nesimo sezulu, ingabe idivayisi ibhekene nabantu, futhi yimuphi ongase uphazamise ukushaya ucingo oluphuthumayo? Uma impendulo yakho konke lokhu ku-yebo, umklamo oqinile osezingeni eliphezulu uyafaneleka ngisho noma intengo yokuthenga iphakeme. Lokho kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho ifoni iyingxenye yesistimu yokuxhumana yomphakathi ebanzi ehlanganisa futhiizinhlelo ze-intercomnomai-intercom yokulawula ukufinyelela.

Izindinganiso, izilinganiso, kanye nezindlela zokuhlola ezibalulekile

Imishini yokuxhumana yezikhungo zomphakathi kufanele ikhethwe kusetshenziswa izidingo ezingahlolwa, hhayi izichasiso ezingacacile.

Indawo ewusizo kakhulu yokubhekisela ekuvaleni ngaphandle yi-IEC 60529, echaza izilinganiso ze-IP ezifana ne-IP65, IP66, kanye ne-IP67. I-IP65 isho ukuthi ayivalwa uthuli futhi ivikelwe kumajethi amanzi; i-IP66 isho ukuthi ayivalwa uthuli futhi ivikelwe kumajethi amanzi anamandla; i-IP67 isho ukuthi ayivalwa uthuli futhi ivikelwe ekucwilisweni okwesikhashana kuze kufike kumitha eli-1 imizuzu engama-30 ngaphansi kwesimo sokuhlola esijwayelekile. Ukuze kuvinjwe umthelela, i-IEC 62262 isebenzisa isikali se-IK, lapho i-IK10 ihambisana nama-joules angama-20 wamandla omthelela. Lezo zinombolo azilona ulimi lokumaketha; ziwulimi lokuthenga.

I-US Federal Communications Commission iphinde ibhale phansi izidingo zesaziso esiphuthumayo kanye nokuxhumana ngokuphepha komphakathi kumongo wenqubomgomo obanzi, futhi abathengi abaningi bomphakathi basebenzisa lokho okulindelwe ukuvumelanisa imigomo yesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokufinyeleleka. Ngezindawo zokulawula ukutheleleka noma izindawo eziningi zokuhlanzeka, amaqembu ezikhungo ngezinye izikhathi ayaxhumana.Isiqondiso sokulawula ukutheleleka kwe-CDClapho ukhetha izindawo nemikhuba yokuhlanza, ikakhulukazi uma indawo yokuxhumana isendaweni yomphakathi ehlanganyelwe. Kumaqembu okuthenga, isifundo esiwusizo silula: cela ikhodi ye-IP eqondile, ukuhlolwa komthelela okuqondile, indlela eqondile yokufaka, kanye nenqubo eqondile yokufinyelela isevisi.

Kungani ukuxhumana kwezikhungo zomphakathi kwehluleka empilweni yangempela

Ukwehluleka okuningi ekuxhumaneni kwezikhungo zomphakathi kwenzeka ngoba umongo wokufakwa wawungabhekwanga kahle, hhayi ngoba isekethe yomsindo yayiklanywe kabi.

Ukwehluleka kwezwe langempela kuvame ukuwela ezinhlotsheni ezinhlanu: ukuxhashazwa ngokomzimba, ukungena kwamanzi, ukugqwala, ukungcola, ukuphazamiseka kwamandla, kanye nokungaqondi kahle kwe-acoustic. Ucingo olubukeka luqinile lungase lungasebenzi uma ipuleti lokufaka likhululeka, izivalo ziguga, noma inkinobho yokushaya kunzima ukuyithola ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. Ezindaweni ezinomsindo, ukuqonda kubalulekile. Idivayisi ingakhala kakhulu futhi isahluleke umsebenzisi uma imakrofoni noma isikhulumi singakwazi ukuqeda umsindo ozungezile. Izinhlelo zezwi zezimboni zivame ukuqondisa amazinga okukhuluma ahlala eqondakala ngaphezu komsindo wangemuva, yingakho ukwakheka kwe-acoustic kubaluleke kakhulu njengokwakheka kwe-enclosure.

Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, isikhathi sokuphendula siyingxenye yomkhiqizo. Uma indawo yokushaya ucingo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ifihliwe kakhulu, noma ibuthakathaka kakhulu, abasebenzisi ngeke bayithembe. Ngakho-ke izikhungo zomphakathi kufanele zihlole ukubonakala, ukusebenza kwesinyathelo esisodwa, ukusetshenziswa kwamagilavu, kanye nokulungiselelwa. Umthetho olula uyasebenza: lapho indawo ezungezile ingaziwa futhi icindezeleka kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ifoni ingatholakala, ibonwe, futhi isetshenziswe ngaphansi kwemizuzwana embalwa.

Okufanele ukubuze ngaphambi kokuthenga ifoni yokuxhumana yesikhungo somphakathi

Abathengi abahlakaniphile baqhathanisa ubungozi, hhayi izimangalo zezincwajana.

1. Iyini ingozi enkulu: ukucekela phansi impahla, isimo sezulu, ukugqwala, noma konke okuthathu?
2. Yisiphi isilinganiso se-IP esidingekayo endaweni yokufaka: IP65, IP66, noma IP67?
3. Yikuphi ukumelana komthelela okudingekayo: ingabe i-IK10 iyadingeka, noma ingabe izinga eliphansi liyamukeleka?
4. Ingabe idivayisi izosetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezidinga ukusebenza ngokuthinta okukodwa?
5. Ingabe iyunithi ingalungiswa ngaphandle kokudiliza konke ukufakwa?
6. Ingabe izingxenye zokufaka esikhundleni, izintambo, nezinkinobho ziyatholakala ukuze zilungiswe isikhathi eside?

Kumaqembu ephrojekthi, le mibuzo inciphisa ukulungiswa kabusha okubizayo. Ucingo olumelana nesimo sezulu okulula ukulufutha kodwa okulula ukuluvula alufaneleki kahle esikhumulweni sebhasi. Ucingo olumelana nokucekelwa phansi olusinda ekushayweni kodwa oludla usawoti alufaneleki kahle endaweni yokuhamba ngezinyawo engasemanzini. Imininingwane efanele yileyo esinda emlandweni wangempela wendawo, hhayi eyomqondo.

Ithebula lokuqhathanisa: ifoni engavimbeli umonakalo uma iqhathaniswa nefoni engavimbeli isimo sezulu

Indlela elula yokuqhathanisa lokhu okubili ukuhlukanisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu nokuchayeka kwemvelo.

Emaphrojekthini amaningi okuxhumana kwezikhungo zomphakathi, umphumela omuhle kakhulu uvela ekukhetheni iyunithi okunzima kakhulu ukuyinqoba ngenxa yenkinga engenzeka kakhulu yesayithi. Yingakho isilinganiso esilula sangaphandle singanele ezindaweni zomphakathi ezinonya, nokuthi kungani iyunithi ehlome kakhulu ingase ingadingeki endaweni ezolile kodwa enemvula.

Uma umklamo oqinile ohlanganisiwe uyindlela ehlakaniphile kakhulu

Umklamo oqinile ohlanganisiwe uvame ukuba yisisombululo esingabizi kakhulu lapho kokubili ukusetshenziswa kabi kanye nesimo sezulu kuyizingozi ezingokoqobo.

Izindawo eziningi zomphakathi azikwazi ukulingana kahle nesigaba esisodwa. Isiteshi sezokuthutha esisogwini singase sibhekane nokufuthwa, isihlabathi, kanye nokucekelwa phansi. Umngcele wenkundla ungabhekana nemvula, ukuwasha ugesi, kanye nokucindezelwa yisixuku. Kulezi zimo, umgomo wokuthenga kufanele kube ifoni ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi ezivaliwe, izindlu ezingathinteki, izinto ezingaphazanyiswa, kanye nezingxenye ezilungisekayo. Inzuzo yale ndlela iwukuba kube yingozi ephansi yomjikelezo wokuphila: izingcingo ezimbalwa zesevisi, ukungasebenzi kwezimo eziphuthumayo okuncane, kanye nokushintsha okuncane kwemishini.

Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila zibaluleke kakhulu kunentengo yokuthenga ephansi kakhulu. Iyunithi ebiza kancane egwema umcimbi owodwa wokushaya ucingo ohlulekile ingase yonge okuningi emsebenzini, ukuvezwa kokuphepha, kanye nokulahlekelwa idumela. Ngokusho komqondo wokuhlela ukuphepha komphakathi, isiphetho sokuxhumana esibaluleke kakhulu yilowo abasebenzisi abamethembayo ngokwanele ukuba basebenzise ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. Uma uqhathanisa imigqa yomkhiqizo, qala ngesidingo semvelo, bese uhlola ukuthi ngabeucingo lwasejeleukwakhiwa kwesitayela,ifoni engangenisi simo sezuluukuvalwa, nomaifoni engavimbeli umonakaloisakhiwo sifanelana kahle nesayithi lakho.

Uhlaka lwezinqumo zonjiniyela, abaphathi bezikhungo, kanye nabathengi

Indlela esheshayo ongayikhetha ukuthola amaphuzu endaweni evikelwe ekuchayekeni, ekusetshenzisweni kabi, kanye nasezinkingeni zokunakekelwa.

1. Amaphuzu okuvezwa kwesimo sezulu kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-5: ngaphakathi endlini, okufihliwe ngaphandle, okuvezwe ngokuphelele, okusogwini, noma okuhlanzwa ngamanzi.
2. Amaphuzu okuvezwa kokusetshenziswa kabi kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-5: ukufinyelela okuqondisiwe, ukusetshenziswa komphakathi okumaphakathi, noma ukufinyelela okunonya/okungaziwa.
3. Ukubekezelelana kokugcinwa kwamaphuzu kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-5: ukufinyelela okulula kwensizakalo, abasebenzi abambalwa, noma ukufakwa okunzima ukukufinyelela.
4. Khetha kuqala ukuthi ingamelani nesimo sezulu uma amaphuzu emvelo ephezulu kakhulu.
5. Khetha kuqala ukumelana nokucekela phansi uma amaphuzu okuhlukumeza ephezulu kakhulu.
6. Khetha iyunithi eqinile ehlanganisiwe uma womabili amaphuzu ephezulu futhi isikhathi sokuphumula singamukeleki.

Lolu hlaka lusebenza ngoba lubonisa indlela okwenzeka ngayo ukwehluleka. Idivayisi akudingeki ibe namandla kakhulu kuzo zonke izigaba; idinga ukuba namandla kakhulu lapho isayithi libuthakathaka kakhulu. Leyo yindlela ewusizo kakhulu yokucacisa imishini yokuxhumana yesikhungo somphakathi ngaphandle kokuthenga ngokweqile izici ezingeke zisetshenziswe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yikuphi okungcono esiteshini sezokuthutha, ifoni engacekeli phansi noma ifoni engangenisi isimo sezulu?

Ucingo olumelana nokucekelwa phansi luvame ukuba ngcono esiteshini sezokuthutha ngoba ingozi enkulu ukusetshenziswa kabi, ukuphazanyiswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kakhulu komphakathi, yize unqenqema lwesiteshi sangaphandle lungadinga nokuvikelwa esimweni sezulu.

Ingabe i-IP66 yanele ukuxhumana kwezikhungo zomphakathi?

I-IP66 ivame ukwanele uthuli kanye namajethi amanzi asindayo ngaphansi kwe-IEC 60529, kodwa ayithathi indawo yokumelana nokushayisana noma ukuvikelwa kokuphazanyiswa ezindaweni zomphakathi.

Ingabe ukumelana nesimo sezulu kusho ukumelana nokucekelwa phansi?

Cha. Ukuvikela isimo sezulu kuvikela ekuchayekeni kwemvelo, kanti ukumelana nokucekela phansi kuvikela ekuhlukunyezweni ngokomzimba nasekuphazanyisweni.

Iyini i-IK10 futhi kungani ibalulekile?

I-IK10 iyizinga eliphezulu lokumelana nokushayisana ku-IEC 62262 futhi ihambisana nama-joule angu-20 wamandla okushayisana, okuwusizo ekufakweni komphakathi okuyingozi kakhulu.

Ingabe idivayisi eyodwa ingaphatha kokubili ukucekelwa phansi kanye nesimo sezulu?

Yebo. Izikhungo eziningi zomphakathi zisebenzisa ifoni eqinile exubile ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi ezivaliwe, izindawo eziqinile, kanye nehadiwe engaphazanyiswa.

Yiziphi izici okufanele ngizibeke phambili kuqala?

Beka phambili imodi yokwehluleka ezomisa ukuxhumana kuqala: ukusetshenziswa kabi, ukungena, ukugqwala, noma ukuzwakala kwe-acoustic.

Ngingazinciphisa kanjani izindleko zokulungisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Khetha izingxenye ze-modular, izinto ezingagqwali, ukufakwa okuqinile, kanye nomklamo ohambisana nokuvezwa kwendawo yangempela ukuze idivayisi ingasebenzisi kakhulu noma ingavikelwa ngokwanele.