Kungani ifoni yokuxhumana ngokuphepha kwezimayini ingenakusebenzisa ifoni ejwayelekile yasehhovisi?

• Amafoni asehhovisi akhelwe izikhala zangaphakathi ezilawulwayo, kuyilapho amafoni ami eklanyelwe uthuli, ukushayisana, umswakama, kanye nomsebenzi ophuthumayo.
• Ukuxhumana ngaphansi komhlaba kumele kubeke phambili ukusinda, ukuqondakala, kanye nokufinyelela okusheshayo, hhayi nje ikhwalithi yocingo.
• Izindinganiso ezisebenzayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezingozi kunquma ukuthi idivayisi ingasetshenziswa yini endaweni yezimayini.
• Ukwakheka kohlelo kubaluleke kakhulu njengefoni: ukuxhumanisa izintambo, ukusekela ngogesi, ukubekwa, kanye nokuhlanganiswa nama-alamu konke kuthinta ukuphepha.
• Kumaqembu okuthenga, umbuzo ofanele awusiwo othi “Ingabe ingashaya ucingo?” kodwa uthi “Ingabe isazosebenza uma izimo ziba zimbi?”

Ucingo lokuxhumana ngokuphepha kwezimayini luyithuluzi elikhethekile lezimboni, hhayi ucingo lwasehhovisi olushintshiwe, ngoba ukuxhumana ngaphansi komhlaba kumele kuhlale kuthembekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezingabandakanya i-methane, uthuli lwamalahle, ukungena kwamanzi, ukudlidliza, nomsindo omkhulu wemishini. Ezimweni eziyingozi, ukukhethwa kwemishini kulawulwa amazinga anjengokuthiI-IECkanye nemithetho yokuphepha eqondene nokumbiwa kwezimayini; isibonelo, imiqondo yokuvikela ukuqhuma ngaphansiI-IECExzakhiwe ngokuvimbela umthombo wokushisa ukuthi ungabi yingozi. Ngokuphathelene nomsindo kanye nokusebenziseka kalula, ucingo oluvamile lwasehhovisi nalo lubuthakathaka kakhulu endaweni lapho ingxoxo ehlanzekile ingaba nzima ukuyifinyelela kunokukhala okuphumelelayo. Uma umsebenzi ubalulekile ekuphepheni, isiphetho sokuxhumana kumele siziphathe njengengqalasizinda yezimboni kunezinto zikagesi zabathengi.

Kungani Ucingo Lokuxhumana Lokuphepha Kwezimayini Ludinga Okungaphezu Kwezici Zehhovisi

Umehluko wokuqala uwukuthi inhloso yokusebenza isebenza kahle: uhlelo lwefoni lwemayini lwakhiwe ukuze kuqhubeke ukuphepha, kanti ifoni yasehhovisi yakhiwe ukuze kube lula.

Izingcingo zasehhovisi zithatha amandla azinzile, umsindo ophansi, inselele yokuvala uthuli, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuphansi. Ukuxhumana ngaphansi komhlaba akudingi. Imayini ingadinga ifoni engasinda ekushaqekeni, ekufuthweni, ekuqhumeni kothuli, ekushayeni ikhebula isikhathi eside, kanye nokusetshenziswa njalo namagilavu. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, umsebenzisi angase abe nokucindezeleka, agqoke isivikelo sokuzwa, noma ame endaweni enomsindo lapho imakrofoni nesikhulumi sefoni ejwayelekile kunganele.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingozi kuwumehluko wesibili. Uma imayini inokungcola kwe-methane noma uthuli oluvuthayo, idivayisi yokuxhumana kumele ikhethwe njengengxenye yomklamo wokuphepha kwendawo, hhayi njengendawo yokugcina ye-IT ejwayelekile. Yingakho ucingo lwezimboni luvame ukubhangqwa nezindawo ezivalekile, izithiyo eziqinisekisiwe, noma imithetho yokufaka indawo enobungozi kunezesekeli zokunethezeka zedeskithophu. Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nemimoya eyingozi kanye nezimiso zokuvikela ukuqhuma, i-US National Fire Protection Association inikeza isiqondiso esijwayelekile ngezinsiza zayo zokuphepha, kanti i-US Mine Safety and Health Administration ishicilela izinto zokuphepha eziqondene nezimayini ku-I-MSHA.

Umehluko wesithathu ukutholakala. Ehhovisi, ukucima kwesikhashana kuyisiphazamiso. Emayini, ukwehluleka kokuxhumana kungabambezela ukuphuma, kuhlukanise indawo yokusebenza, noma kuthathe isikhathi ukusabela ezigamekweni. Yingakho amaphrojekthi amaningi ehlola uhlelo oluphelele, hhayi ifoni kuphela. Uma uqhathanisa imindeni yemikhiqizo, kuyasiza ukubuyekeza izinketho zezimboni ezifanaucingo lwezimboni, ucingo oluvikela isimo sezulu, futhiucingo olungangeni ukuqhumangaphambi kokunquma ukuthi indawo idinga ihadiwe yokuxhumana eqinile, evalwe, noma enobungozi endaweni.

Izidingo Zesistimu Yezingcingo Zezimayini Ekuxhumaneni Okungaphansi Komhlaba

Isidingo esiyinhloko sohlelo lwefoni lwemayini ukufinyelela ngezwi okuthembekile ngaphansi kokucindezeleka, hhayi ikhwalithi yocingo olufanele abathengi.

Ekuxhumaneni okungaphansi komhlaba, ukuqondakala kwenkulumo kubaluleke kakhulu kunokwethembeka komsindo okusemthethweni. Izimayini zivame ukuba nomsindo omkhulu, ziphinde zikhulume, futhi zivinjelwe ngokomzimba. Umsindo wemishini uvame ukwedlula ama-dBA angu-85 ezindaweni zezimboni, okuwumkhawulo ofanayo osetshenziswa yimithetho yokulondolozwa kwezindlebe emsebenzini ezindaweni eziningi. I-US Occupational Safety and Health Administration ibeka isilinganiso samahora angu-8 somkhawulo wama-dBA angu-90 embonini ejwayelekile, kanti iNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health incoma ama-dBA angu-85 njengezinga lokuvezwa elivikela kakhulu. Lezo zibalo azizona izincazelo zocingo, kodwa zichaza ukuthi kungani idivayisi yokuxhumana yemayini kumele ikhiphe umsindo omkhulu, iqoqe imakrofoni kangcono, futhi isebenze kahle kunefoni ejwayelekile yasehhovisi.Isiqondiso somsindo se-OSHAfuthiIzinsiza zomsindo ze-NIOSH.

Ukuqina kungenye imfuneko. Idivayisi esetshenziswa echwebeni lemayini, egumbini lokulawula, emugqeni wokuhambisa, noma endaweni yokuphephela engaphansi komhlaba ingase ibhekane nokuthinteka, ukugcwala kothuli, kanye nokuvezwa komswakama. Izilinganiso zokuvikela zezimboni ezifana ne-IP66 noma i-IP67 zivame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza ukumelana kokungena.I-ISO 20653:2013, izilinganiso ze-IP eziphakeme zibonisa isivikelo esiqinile ekungeneni kothuli namanzi, okuyisizathu esisodwa sokuthi amafoni ezimboni achazwe ngezindawo ezivaliwe kanye nehadiwe engagqwali kunokuba kube yipulasitiki yabathengi eveziwe.

Ukusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo nakho kubalulekile. Esimweni esibucayi, isikhombimsebenzisi kufanele sibe sobala: ukudayela ngokuthinta okukodwa, izinkinobho ezinkulu, ukuqinisekiswa okuzwakalayo, kanye nesibonakaliso sesimo esicacile. Ucingo oluvamile lwasehhovisi lungaba nezinkinobho eziningi ezithambile, amamenyu, kanye nezici ezincike kunethiwekhi eziwusizo endaweni yokuphumula kodwa ezingasizi lapho isisebenzi sidinga ukuxhumana okusheshayo nabasebenzi begumbi lokulawula. Yingakho amaqembu okuthenga evame ukukhetha izindawo zokugcina zezimboni ezakhiwe ngenhloso yezindawo ezihleliwe bese akha lonke uhlelo oluzungezile.

Ingozi Yokuqhuma, Uthuli, kanye Nesizathu Sokuba Amafoni Edeskini Ajwayelekile Ayinkinga Yokuphepha

Isizathu esikhulu sokuthi ifoni ejwayelekile yasehhovisi ingafaneleki ukuthi izinto zayo zikagesi, indawo ebiyelwe, kanye nezesekeli aziklanyelwe ukugwema ingozi yokusha endaweni yezimayini.

Ezimayini eziningi, umbuzo awukhona ukuthi idivayisi ingasinda yini ekuhlolweni kokuwa; kodwa ukuthi idivayisi ingasetshenziswa yini ngaphandle kokwethula umthombo wokuthungela. Yingakho kunezindinganiso zokuvikela ukuqhuma nokuthi kungani isitifiketi sibalulekile. I-handset ejwayelekile, ukunikezwa kwamandla, noma isixhumi se-modular singamukeleka ekamelweni lemihlangano kodwa singamukeleki lapho kungase kube khona igesi evuthayo noma uthuli oluvuthayo. Empeleni, ngisho nemininingwane emincane njengokuxhumana okuveziwe, i-arcing yangaphakathi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa kumele kucatshangelwe.

Ngemishini yendawo enobungozi, uhlaka olufanele luvame ukusekelwe ekuhlukanisweni komkhathi kanye nomqondo wokuvikela. Izindlela zokuvikela indawo enobungozi ze-IEC azishintshisani, futhi idivayisi eqinisekisiwe yendawo eyodwa noma iqembu legesi ayisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo kwenye. Ngakho-ke abathengi kufanele bafanise ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo nesitifiketi, hhayi nje incazelo yomkhiqizo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwezimayini ngoba ucingo olufanayo lungadlula ezindaweni eziningi zokuchayeka, kufaka phakathi izindawo zokungena, amagalari, iziteshi ezincane, kanye namakamelo okulawula.

Uthuli lubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Uthuli oluncane lungangena kumaswishi, kuma-microphone, nasezikhungweni zezipikha, kunciphisa ukuthembeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lungaqongelela nasezindaweni, okwenza ukuhlanza kube nzima futhi kwandise umthwalo wokulungisa. Ucingo lokuxhumana oluphephile lwezimayini luvame ukusebenzisa izinkinobho ezivaliwe, ihadiwe engagqwali, kanye nomklamo wokuvala osekela izikhawu zesevisi ende. Leso esinye sezizathu ezenza abathengi bezimboni bavame ukuqhathanisa hhayi nje i-handset kodwa nendlu, indlela yokufaka, kanye nokufinyelela kwesevisi.

Indlela Ukuxhumana Okungaphansi Komhlaba Okuhluke Ngayo Efonini Ejwayelekile Yomsebenzi

Ukuxhumana ngaphansi komhlaba kuyithuluzi lokuphepha lokusebenza, hhayi indlela elula.

Ehhovisi, ucingo olucishiwe luyacasula. Emayini, ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumana ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ukuqhuma, ukudluliselwa kweshifti, iphutha lemishini, noma ukususwa kungathinta ukuzibophezela kwabasebenzi kanye nesivinini sokuphendula. Yingakho imiklamo eminingi yezinhlelo zocingo zemayini ihlanganiswa namakamelo okulawula, amasekethe e-alamu, izinhlelo zekheli lomphakathi, noma imisebenzi yokuthumela. Indawo yokuxhumana iba yingxenye yochungechunge lokusebenza.

Umzila wesignali kanye nokuqhubeka kwamandla nakho kuhlukile. Ukufakwa komhlaba kungase kuthembele ekusebenzeni kwekhebula isikhathi eside, amapayipi avikelwe, amandla okusekela, kanye nokuhlukaniswa okucacile nemithombo kagesi enomsindo. Uma uhlelo luhlanganisa i-VoIP, ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi kumele kubhekele ukuqina kweswishi, ukuncika kwamandla phezu kwe-Ethernet, kanye nokuziphatha kwedivayisi ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi. Uma uhlelo luyi-analog, izintambo kanye nezixhumi zehhovisi eliphakathi kusadinga ukuvikelwa ekumeni, ekunciphiseni, kanye nomonakalo ongokwenyama. Kunoma yikuphi, inhloso yokuklama iyafana: ukugcina ukuxhumana komhlaba kuphila lapho indawo ingaphansi kokucindezeleka.

Ifilosofi yokulungisa nayo iyashintsha. Imishini yehhovisi ivame ukushintshwa ngomjikelezo wokuvuselela. Amadivayisi okuxhumana ezimayini avame ukukhethwa ukuze agcinwe kahle, hhayi ngemfashini. Amaqembu okuthenga afuna ukufinyelela kwensizakalo, ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele, ukunikezwa okuzinzile, kanye nemibhalo ecacile. Yilapho ukuthengwa kwezimboni kubaluleke khona ngaphezu kwentengo yodwa. Ucingo lwasehhovisi olubiza kancane lungabiza kakhulu uma luhluleka ngokuphindaphindiwe noma lungakwazi ukugcinwa ensimini.

Uma iphrojekthi yakho idinga nezindawo zokugcina zezimboni ezihlobene, kuyasiza ukuqhathanisa imindeni yemikhiqizo efanaucingo lwasejelengezidingo zokulwa nokucekela phansi kanyeucingo oluphuthumayoukuze kuqalwe ngokushesha ucingo. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi izindawo ezahlukene zidinga izinto eziza kuqala zokuklama ezahlukene, ngisho noma umsebenzi ubonakala ufana.

Izindlela Zokukhetha Ucingo Lokuxhumana Nokuphepha Kwezimayini

Izindlela zokukhetha ezifanele zivame ukuba usizo kakhulu kunalokho okushiwo yizincwajana zobuchwepheshe.

Qala ngesigaba sengozi. Uma ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo kudinga ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma, isitifiketi siza kuqala. Bese uhlola ukuvikelwa kokungena, indlela yokufaka, izinga lokushisa, ukusebenza komsindo, kanye nokufinyeleleka kwesevisi. Ezindaweni zangaphandle noma zesango, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kungabalulekile njengokufaneleka kwendawo enobungozi. Ezikhungweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukumelana nokudlidliza kanye nokuzwakala kungabaluleka kakhulu kunezimonyo.

Okulandelayo, hlola isimo sokusetshenziswa. Igumbi lokulawula eliyinhloko lidinga idivayisi ehlukile kunesiteshi sokuphephela esingaphansi komhlaba, indawo yokudlulisa i-conveyor, noma indawo yokulungisa. Umndeni wedivayisi eyodwa ungamboza izindawo eziningi, kodwa imininingwane akufanele ifane. Isibonelo, indawo yocingo oluphuthumayo ingadinga ukusebenza kwenkinobho eyodwa, kuyilapho ifoni yokuthumela ingadinga ukwesekwa kwe-headset, ukukhala okukhulu, kanye nokubekwa phambili kwezingcingo.

Okokugcina, buyekeza izici zomjikelezo wokuphila. Abathengi bezimboni kufanele babuze ngezingxenye ezisele, ukwesekwa kokufakwa, izinketho zokungena kwekhebula, kanye nobubanzi besitifiketi. Emisebenzini yokumba ezindaweni eziningi, ukwenza ngokwezifiso izinhlobo zamadivayisi amancane kunciphisa umzamo wokuqeqesha kanye nobunzima bokufaka esikhundleni. Leso yisinye sezizathu ezenza amaphrojekthi amaningi akhethe ukuthola okusekelwe epulatifomu kunokushintshaniswa kwabathengi okukodwa.

Imibuzo Yokuthengwa Kwangempela Abathengi Okufanele Bayibuze

Imibuzo engcono kakhulu yokuthenga imayelana nezindlela zokwehluleka, hhayi izici zencwajana.

1. Ingabe idivayisi izohlala iphephile esimweni semayini esihlonziwe?
2. Ingabe isengakwazi ukukhuluma ngokucacile uma umsindo wangemuva ungaphezu kwama-dBA angu-85?
3. Ingabe indlu ivalwe uthuli kanye nokungena kwamanzi kufike ezingeni elidingekayo?
4. Idivayisi inikwa amandla kanjani, futhi kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokulahlekelwa amandla?
5. Ingabe ukulungiswa kungathatha indawo yezingxenye ngaphandle kokuvala yonke intambo yokuxhumana?
6. Ingabe uhlelo luhambisana nezinqubo ze-alamu, zokuthumela, noma zokuphendula eziphuthumayo?

Le mibuzo yembula ukuthi umkhiqizo uyingxenye yohlelo lwefoni lwangempela noma umane uyifoni yasehhovisi esebhokisini eliqinile. Kumaqembu obunjiniyela, lowo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba ukukhetha okungalungile kungasusa ingozi kusuka kufoni iye kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokuphepha.

Izindinganiso kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokuxhumana kwezimboni kanye nezezimayini

Ukuqinisekiswa yikho okuguqula isimangalo sibe ukukhetha kwemishini okuthembekile.

Amadivayisi okuxhumana ezimboni avame ukuhlolwa ngokuqhathaniswa nokuvikelwa, ukuqina, kanye nezindinganiso zemvelo kunokulindelekile kwabathengi abavamile. Ukuze kuvinjwe ukungena,I-ISO 20653:2013kubhekiselwa kakhulu ezimweni zezimoto nemishini yezimboni ngemiqondo yokuvikela uthuli namanzi, kuyilapho ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma kuvame ukuphathwa ngemizila yesitifiketi esekelwe kwi-IEC. Ukuze kulawulwe izimo eziyingozi ezimayini, abathengi kufanele babuyekeze imithetho yeziphathimandla zezimayini zasendaweni kanye nobufakazi bokuhlola obubhalwe phansi.

Ngokuxhumana okuphuthumayo ezinhlelweni zokuphepha, ikhwalithi yamadokhumenti ibalulekile. Umthengisi othembekile kufanele akwazi ukuchaza izimo zokufaka, ububanzi bokuvikelwa, kanye nezinyathelo zokulungisa ngolimi olulula. Lokho kuwusizo ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke lapho uhlelo olufanayo lwefoni yemayini lungafakwa khona osonkontileka abahlukene ezindaweni eziningi. Uma idivayisi ibhalwe ngokucacile, kuba lula ukuyihlola nokunakekela.

Lapho iphrojekthi ihlanganisa ama-portal angaphandle, izitshalo zokucubungula, kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, ingadinga amakilasi amaningi amadivayisi esikhundleni sefoni eyodwa ebanzi. Kulezo zimo, umndeni womkhiqizo wangaphakathi kufanele ubuyekezwe njengohlelo. Ungaqhathanisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizungezile ezifana nokuthiuhlelo lwekheli lomphakathiukuze kusakazwe futhiuhlelo lwe-intercomukuhlanganiswa okulawulwayo kwezindlela ezimbili. Lezo zigaba zisekela isimiso esifanayo sokuhlanganisa: ithuluzi lokuxhumana kumele livumelane nephrofayili yengozi yesayithi.

Kungani Ukuqagela Ucingo Lwasehhovisi Kuhluleka Ezimayini

Ukucabanga ngocingo lwasehhovisi kuyahluleka ngoba ukuxhumana kwezimayini kuchazwa ngengozi, hhayi ukulula.

Idivayisi ejwayelekile yehhovisi ingakhala futhi idlulise umsindo, kodwa lokho kuyingxenye encane nje yemfuneko. Ucingo lokuxhumana ngokuphepha kwezimayini kumele lubhekane nokucindezeleka kwemvelo, luhambisane nemithetho yokuphepha, lusekele imisebenzi ephuthumayo, futhi luhlale lusetshenziswa ngumsebenzisi ocindezelekile ezimweni ezimbi. Uma idivayisi ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nalezo zidingo, ayiyona into ethatha indawo yayo; iyisibopho.

Ngokwezinto ezingokoqobo, umthengi kufanele abuze ukuthi ifoni yenzelwe ukuxhumana ngaphansi komhlaba noma imane ilungiselelwe yona. Impendulo izonquma ukuthi uhlelo lusekela ukusebenza okuphephile, impendulo yezehlakalo, kanye nokusebenza isikhathi eside. Ezimayini, lowo mehluko awuyona imfundiso. Umehluko phakathi kwedivayisi yokuxhumana nengqalasizinda yokuphepha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini ifoni yokuxhumana ngokuphepha kwezimayini?

Ucingo lokuxhumana ngokuphepha kwezimayini luwucingo oluqinile lwezimboni oluklanyelwe ukunikeza ukuxhumana ngezwi okuthembekile ezimayini nasezindaweni eziyingozi ezihlobene lapho uthuli, umswakama, ukudlidliza, kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zivame khona.

Ingabe ifoni ejwayelekile yasehhovisi ingasetshenziswa ngaphansi komhlaba?

Ngokuvamile akunjalo, ngoba ifoni ejwayelekile yasehhovisi ayiklanyelwe izimo eziyingozi, ukusebenza okuvaliwe, ukumelana nokushayisana, noma izidingo zomsindo zokuxhumana okunomsindo ngaphansi komhlaba.

Yiziphi izindinganiso ezibaluleke kakhulu ngemishini yokuxhumana yezimayini?

Ukuvikelwa kwendawo eyingozi, ukuvikelwa kokungena, kanye nemithetho yokuphepha kwezimayini yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezikhathazayo. Kuye ngendawo, ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma okusekelwe ku-IEC kanye nezilinganiso ze-IP ngokuvamile kuyisisekelo sencazelo.

Kungani ukucaca komsindo kubaluleke kangaka ohlelweni lwefoni lwemayini?

Ngoba umsindo ongaphansi komhlaba ungaba phezulu, futhi izisebenzi zingase zigqoke isivikelo sokuzwa noma zisebenze ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. Ukuzwakala okucacile kubaluleke kakhulu kunekhwalithi yomsindo yesitayela sabathengi.

Ngingakhetha kanjani phakathi kocingo lwezimboni kanye nocingo olungaqhumi?

Khetha ngokusekelwe ekuhlukanisweni kwendawo. Uma indawo inengozi yokuqhuma kwegesi noma uthuli, kungadingeka ifoni engaqhumi; uma inkinga enkulu ukuqina, isimo sezulu, noma ukumelana nokucekelwa phansi, enye imodeli yezimboni inganele.

Yini okufanele ngiyihlole ngaphambi kokuthenga imishini yokuxhumana engaphansi komhlaba?

Hlola ububanzi besitifiketi, ukuvikelwa kokungena, ukusebenza komsindo, ukufakwa, ukuqhubeka kwamandla, ukwesekwa kwezingxenye ezisele, kanye nokuhambisana nezinqubo eziphuthumayo.

Kungani amaphrojekthi okumba ekhetha amadivayisi okuxhumana akhethekile?

Ngoba amadivayisi akhethekile anciphisa ingozi yokushisa, athuthukisa ukuthembeka, futhi asekela ukuxhumana okuphuthumayo kangcono kunemishini yabathengi esetshenziswa kabanzi.