Kungani ifoni engaphazamisi ukucekela phansi ifaneleka emajele nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi?

• Amajele adinga imiklamo yocingo yasejele ebeka phambili ukumelana nokuphazanyiswa, ukubhekwa, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo.
• Izindawo ezinethrafikhi ephezulu zidinga ukwakhiwa kwezingcingo zomphakathi ezisindayo ezingasinda ekushayweni okuphindaphindiwe, ukusetshenziswa kabi, kanye nokuhamba ngebhayisikili njalo.
• Ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kuncike kwisitayela sokufaka, izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo, ukucaca komsindo, kanye nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni, hhayi intengo yodwa.
• Izindinganiso nezindlela zokuhlola zisiza abathengi ukuthi baqhathanise izimangalo zokuqina esikhundleni sokuthembela olimini lokumaketha.

Ucingo olumelana nokucekelwa phansi akuyona nje ifoni eqinile; luyimpahla yokuxhumana eyakhelwe ukusetshenziswa kabi okulawulwayo, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nokugcinwa okuncane, yingakho lusebenza kangcono kunamadivayisi abathengi emajele nasezindaweni zokusabalalisa umphakathi. Ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqina, abathengi bavame ukubheka amazinga omthelela kanye nokuvala njengeI-ISO 20653ngemiqondo yokuvikela ukungena,I-ASTM D2794ukuhlolwa kokumelana nomthelela, kanye nesiqondiso sokuphepha komphakathi esivela ku-I-NISTEmpeleni, ucingo olufanele lwasejele noma ucingo lomphakathi olusebenza kanzima kufanele kube lula ukululawula, kube nzima ukulususa, futhi kube lula ukululungisa ngemva kwephutha, ikakhulukazi lapho indawo eyodwa yokushaya ucingo ehlulekile ingadala ukubambezeleka kokusebenza.

Kungani ifoni engaphazamisi ukucekelwa phansi ibalulekile emajele nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi

Ifoni ekwazi ukumelana nokucekela phansi ibalulekile ngoba imodi yokwehluleka kulezi zimo ayigugi ngezikhathi ezithile; iwumonakalo ohlosiwe, ukucindezeleka okuphindaphindiwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa njalo.

Emajele, ucingo lwasejele luyingxenye yomsebenzi olawulwayo, hhayi isici esilula. Abasebenzi badinga ukutholakala kwezingcingo okubikezelwayo, umsindo ocacile, kanye nedivayisi engabi yisibopho sokuphepha. Eziteshini, ezikoleni, ezindaweni zokupaka izimoto, ezinkantolo, ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi, nasezindaweni zokwamukela izimboni, ucingo lomphakathi olusebenza kanzima lunenhloso ehlukile kodwa edingayo ngokulinganayo: kumele lusinde ekusetshenzisweni njalo ngabantu abangenalo ukuqeqeshwa kanye nesisusa esincane sokuluphatha ngobumnene.

Lowo mehluko ushintsha izinto eziza kuqala kubunjiniyela. Amafoni abathengi athuthukisa izindleko kanye nobuhle. Amafoni angaphazamisi ukucekelwa phansi athuthukisa impilo yesevisi, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka, kanye nesivinini sokulungisa. Izinto zokwakha, ukulungiswa, uhlelo lwentambo, ukwakheka kwesisekelo, kanye nendlela yokufaka konke kuthonya ukuthi ifoni ihlala isebenza yini ngemva kokusetshenziswa kabi noma iba yinto yokulungisa ephindaphindayo.

Kubathengi abaqhathanisa izinketho, umbuzo uwukuthi “Ingashaya ucingo?” bese kuba “Ingaqhubeka nokwenza izingcingo ngemva kokushayisana, ukudonsa, ukuphenya, ukuchitheka, kanye nokusebenzisa kabi okuphindaphindiwe?”

Umklamo wocingo lwasejele: lokho okudingwa yizikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo ngempela

Ucingo lwasejele kumele lusekele ukubhekwa, ukufinyelela okulawulwayo, kanye nokulungiswa okusheshayo ngemva komonakalo.

Izindawo zokulungisa izigwegwe zibeka izidingo ezingavamile emishinini yokuxhumana. Izingcingo zingase ziqashwe, ukufinyelela kungase kuhlelwe, futhi izindawo zokufaka zivame ukuhlala ezindleleni zokujikeleza ezilawulwa kahle. Ngakho-ke ucingo lwasejele ludinga okungaphezu kwamandla. Ludinga futhi ukufakwa okubikezelwayo, ukuhlolwa okulula, kanye nesici esinciphisa izikhala ezifihliwe lapho izimpahla ezingafuneki noma amathuluzi angafihlwa khona.

Ezindaweni eziningi, ukwakheka okuthandwayo yiyunithi efakwe odongeni noma efakwe emanzini enezibambo ezingathinteki, isisekelo esiqinisiwe, kanye nentambo yesandla eyenzelwe ukumelana nokusika noma ukudonsa. Amanye amaphrojekthi athuthela emiklamo engenazingcingo noma esekelwe esipikheni ukuze kuncishiswe izingxenye ezisusekayo. Amanye agcina i-handset ngoba ithuthukisa ubumfihlo futhi ibiza induduzo, kodwa iqinisa yonke ingxenye eveziwe.

Ukukhetha okungcono kuncike ezingeni lokuphepha lesikhungo, imodeli yokuqapha, kanye nesu lokulungisa. Ibhlokhi yokuphepha okuphezulu ingase ibeke phambili imiklamo yezingxenye ezingasuswa kalula, kuyilapho indawo yezivakashi noma umzila wokuphatha ingase yamukele ukwakheka okuvamile uma ingozi yokuxhashazwa iphansi.

Ukwakhiwa kwefoni yomphakathi okunzima ukuze kusetshenziswe njalo

Ucingo olusebenza kakhulu lomphakathi lwakhelwe imijikelezo ephindaphindwayo, hhayi izingcingo ezivamile.

Izindawo ezinabantu abaningi ezisebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi zakha iphrofayili yokucindezeleka ehlukile kuneyamajele, kodwa indlela yobunjiniyela iyafana: ukuvama kokuthinta okuphezulu, ukuzithiba okuphansi komsebenzisi, kanye nokubekezelela isikhathi sokuphumula okulinganiselwe. Ucingo lomphakathi endaweni yezokuthutha noma endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi zomphakathi lungasetshenziswa izikhathi ezingamakhulu ngosuku, okusho ukuthi ukuguguleka kwengane, ukukhathala kwezixhumi, kanye nomonakalo wendlu kuba yizinkinga ezingokoqobo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Enye indlela ewusizo yokuthenga ukusebenza komthelela. Nakuba izidingo eziqondile ziyahlukahluka ngokwephrojekthi kanye nobubanzi besitifiketi, ukuhlolwa komthelela njengokuthiI-ASTM D2794inikeza indlela ehlelekile yokuhlola ukuthi izembozo kanye nezindawo zisabela kanjani ekushayweni okungazelelwe. Ngezivalo, abathengi bavame ukubhekisela ekungeneni kanye nohlaka lokuvikela kuI-IEC 60529, esetshenziswa kabanzi ukuchaza amazinga okuvikela aqinile kanye noketshezi. Lokho kubalulekile ezindaweni zomphakathi ngoba ukucekela phansi impahla kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nothuli, amakhemikhali okuhlanza, kanye nokuvezwa koketshezi ngengozi.

Ukukhetha izinto zokwakha nakho kubalulekile. Insimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi amagreyidi angu-304 kanye no-316, ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuqina kwemishini. Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 iqukethe cishe i-18% ye-chromium kanye ne-8% ye-nickel, kuyilapho i-316 inezela i-molybdenum ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nama-chloride ngendlela ethuthukisiwe; ukwakheka okuqondile kuhambisana nezinkomba zezinto ezivamile futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwezimboni. Ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ezinolaka lwamakhemikhali, lowo mehluko ungasho ukwehluleka okuncane okuhlobene nokugqwala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Indlela amafoni amelana nokucekelwa phansi anciphisa ngayo izindleko zobunikazi

Inzuzo enkulu yezezimali yocingo olumelana nokucekelwa phansi ngokuvamile izindleko eziphansi zomjikelezo wokuphila, hhayi intengo ephansi yokuthenga.

Kumaqembu ezikhungo, izindleko zendawo yokuxhumana ephukile zifaka okungaphezu kwezingxenye ezishintshwayo. Kuhlanganisa nesikhathi sochwepheshe, ukuxhumanisa ukufinyelela endaweni, ukuphazamiseka kwensizakalo, kanye nomthwalo wokuphatha ofihliwe wemiyalelo yomsebenzi ephindaphindwayo. Ejele noma endaweni yomphakathi ematasa, ngisho nokuvalwa kwesikhashana kungadala umugqa, ukungezwani kokuqondisa, noma izikhalazo.

Ukuqina kuthuthukisa ezomnotho ngezindlela ezintathu. Okokuqala, kunciphisa imvamisa yokwehluleka. Okwesibili, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuvuselela ngoba izingxenye ziyi-modular futhi ukufinyelela kulula. Okwesithathu, kunciphisa ingozi yomonakalo wesibili, njengezintambo ezidabukile, amabakaki aqhekekile, noma izindawo zodonga ezonakele. Kuphothifoliyo enezindawo eziningi, lokho konga kuhlangana ngokushesha.

Abathengi bemboni bavame ukuqhathanisa idivayisi ngesisekelo somjikelezo wokuphila weminyaka emihlanu noma eyisikhombisa kunokuba baqhathanise intengo yeyunithi kuphela. Lokho kunengqondo ikakhulukazi lapho imishini ibhekene nokushaywa, umswakama, noma ukusetshenziswa kabi ngamabomu. Iyunithi enentengo ephansi ehluleka ngokuphindaphindiwe ingaba kalula inketho ebiza kakhulu.

1. Bala izingcingo zesevisi ngonyaka, hhayi nje intengo yokuthenga.
2. Hlola ukuthi izingxenye ezithathelwa indawo zijwayelekile noma ziyimfihlo.
3. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukufinyelela phambili kunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza.
4. Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo ebiyelwe ingakwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi yokuhlanza kanye nokubulala amagciwane.

Ukusebenza komsindo ezindaweni zomphakathi ezinomsindo kanye nezihlubuki

Umsindo ocacile ubalulekile ngoba ifoni esindayo ekulimaleni kodwa engezwakali isahluleka ukusebenza.

Izindawo ezinabantu abaningi zivame ukuba nomsindo. Amajele angaba nomsindo omkhulu wangemuva ovela ekunyakazeni, eminyango, nasemisebenzini eseduze. Kulezo zimo, ifoni engaphazamisi ukucekela phansi kufanele ibeke phambili ukuqondakala kwenkulumo ngokuklama i-acoustic, hhayi nje ukukhipha umsindo omkhulu. Ukuzwela kwemakrofoni, ukulawula ithoni eseceleni, ukubekwa kwesipikha, kanye nokuzwakala komsindo konke kuthinta ulwazi lomsebenzisi.

Yilapho izinqumo zobunjiniyela ziba wusizo khona. Igobolondo le-handset eliqinile lingavikela ekushayweni, kodwa uma imbobo yemakrofoni iklanywe kabi, inkulumo ingazwakala ingenalutho noma inqunyiwe. Ngokufanayo, isikhulumi esincane kakhulu noma esivalekile kakhulu singase singahambi kahle emzileni onomsindo. Imiklamo emihle kakhulu ilinganisela ukuvikelwa nokuvuleka kwe-acoustic.

Kumaqembu ezikhungo, ikhwalithi yomsindo iyimfuneko elinganiswayo. Ukufakwa kwe-pilot kufanele kuhlole izimo zokusetshenziswa kwangempela: ibanga lokuma, ukuphindaphinda, umsindo wangemuva, kanye nekhono lamaqembu abasebenzisi ahlukene ukuqonda izimpendulo noma ukusabela ngesikhathi sezimo ezicindezelayo. Lokho kubaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezingcingo zasejele lapho ukucaca kuthinta khona ukwaneliseka komsebenzisi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza.

Izindinganiso nezindlela zokuhlola ezisiza abathengi ukuqhathanisa izimangalo

Izindinganiso zenza kube lula ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nokucekela phansi ngoba ziguqula izimangalo ezingacacile zibe izidingo ezingahlolwa.

Uma amaqembu okuthenga ehlola ucingo lomphakathi olusebenza kanzima, kufanele acele amazinga asetshenziswa ekuqinisekisweni komklamo, hhayi nje ulimi lokuthengisa. Ukuze kuvikelwe indawo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo,I-IEC 60529iyireferensi ejwayeleke kakhulu yezilinganiso ze-IP. Ngokuphathelene nomthelela kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwemishini,I-ASTM D2794kuyindlela ewusizo yokuhlola ukumelana komthelela wezingubo kanye nezindawo. Ngokuqondene nokufakwa nokulindelekile kokuphepha ezinhlelweni ezibhekene nomphakathi, izinhlangano zivame ukuvumelana nesiqondiso esibanzi sokuphepha komphakathi kanye nemishini evelaI-NIST.

Lezi zinkomba azikutsheli konke, kodwa zisiza ukuhlukanisa ubunjiniyela bangempela nezimangalo ezingasekelwa. Umthengi kufanele asacele ubufakazi bokuhlolwa obuqondene nephrojekthi, okuhlanganisa amandla okufaka, ukwakheka kwe-fastener, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Kwezinye izincazelo zokuthengwa, idatha ewusizo kakhulu ilula: ukujiya kwezinto ezivalekile, uhlobo lwe-fastener, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, indlela yokuvikela ikhebula, nokuthi ngabe umklamo uvumela ukushintshwa okusheshayo ngaphandle kokususa ibhokisi elingemuva eligcwele. Leyo mininingwane ivame ukuba nenani elingaphezu kohlu olude lwezici zokumaketha.

• Cela indinganiso yokuhlolwa eqondile, hhayi nje isimangalo sokuvikelwa.
• Cela imiphumela yokuhlolwa komthelela, ukudonsa, kanye nokuphazamisa lapho kutholakala khona.
• Hlola ukuthi idivayisi ingahlanzwa yini ngaphandle kokulimaza izivalo.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezisele ziyatholakala okungenani impilo yesevisi ehleliwe.

Izinketho ezijwayelekile zemininingwane yokuthunyelwa ejele kanye nasemphakathini

Ukucaciswa okufanele kuncike ezingeni lengozi, kodwa ezinye izinketho zivela ngokuphindaphindiwe kumaphrojekthi aphumelelayo.

Emajele, abathengi bavame ukukhetha izindlu zensimbi ezisindayo, izikulufo ezingaphazamisi, umzila wekhebula ovikelwe, kanye nomklamo okhawulela izingxenye ezisuswayo. Ezindaweni zomphakathi ezinabantu abaningi, ukugcizelela kungase kushintshele ekumelaneni nokugqwala, ukubonakala, ukuhlanzwa okulula, kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni ngokushesha uma iyunithi yonakele ngokomzimba.

Ngezansi ukuqhathanisa okusebenzayo kwezinto eziza kuqala ekukhetheni okuvamile.

Uma uqhathanisa amamodeli, gwema ukucacisa ukuphela noma umbala kuphela. Izinto ezihlukanisayo zangempela ukujiya, ukulungiswa, ukufinyelela kwesevisi, kanye nendlela iyunithi eboshwe ngayo odongeni noma ohlakeni. Ucingo olumelana nokucekelwa phansi okulula ukulususa alumelani nokucekelwa phansi ngempela.

Lokho abathengi okufanele bakubuze ngaphambi kokuba basho ucingo lwasejele

Imibuzo emihle yokuthenga inciphisa izimanga zokusebenza kamuva.

Ngaphambi kokukhetha ucingo lwasejele noma ucingo lomphakathi olusebenza kanzima, abathengi kufanele babuze uhlu olufushane lwemibuzo ewusizo. Le mibuzo iveza ngokushesha imiklamo ebuthakathaka futhi isize ukuvumelanisa idivayisi nemodeli yokusebenza yangempela yesikhungo.

1. Ingabe iyunithi ingasinda ekushayweni okuphindaphindiwe, ukuhlikihla, nokudonsa ngaphandle kokudalula izinto zangaphakathi?
2. Ingabe izikhonkwane zifihliwe futhi zibekwe ezingeni elifanele isevisi egunyaziwe kuphela?
3. Ingabe indlela yokufaka isekela ukubambelela okuqinile ohlotsheni oluhlosiwe lodonga?
4. Ingabe idivayisi ingahlanzwa futhi ihlolwe ngaphandle kokuyiqaqa ngokuphelele?
5. Ingabe izingxenye ezithathelwa indawo ziyatholakala emjikelezweni wokuphila ohleliwe?

Kuwukuhlakanipha futhi ukucela imidwebo yokufaka, imiyalelo yesevisi, kanye nanoma yibuphi ubufakazi obutholakalayo bokuhlola ukuxhashazwa. Uma umhlinzeki engakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi iyunithi inakekelwa kanjani, kungaba nzima ukugcina ifoni isebenza uma isivezwe ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela.

Ukuze kubhekwe izixazululo, abathengi bavame ukuqhathanisaiphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo, bese unciphisa usesho lube yindawo eqinileucingo lwezimboniezindaweni ezilawulwayo, indawo ezinikeleucingo olumelana nokucekela phansikumasayithi avame ukuhlukunyezwa emphakathini, noma kumasayithi athileucingo oluphuthumayolapho impendulo esheshayo iyinto eza kuqala.

Kungani la mafoni esebenza kangcono emajele nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi

Zisebenza kangcono ngoba zakhiwe ngendlela ehambisana namaphethini okwehluleka kwangempela kwalezo zimo.

Ucingo lwasejele lubhekene nemingcele yokuqapha, ukusetshenziswa kabi ngamabomu, kanye nokubekezelela okuncane isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Ucingo lomphakathi olusebenza kanzima lubhekene nokusetshenziswa njalo, ukushayeka ngengozi, kanye nabasebenzisi abahlukahlukene. Kuzo zombili izimo, idivayisi kumele kube lula ukuyethemba futhi kube nzima ukuyinqoba.

Yingakho imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu ihlanganisa izindawo eziqinisiwe, ihadiwe engaphazanyiswa, ukufinyelela kwesevisi okusebenzayo, kanye nokusebenza kwezwi okucacile. Zinciphisa amathuba okuba indawo yokuxhumana ibe yinkinga yokulungisa noma inkinga yokuphepha.

Kumaqembu okuthenga, isinqumo ekugcineni simayelana nokuqhubeka kokusebenza. Uma ifoni ingahlala itholakala ngemva kokuhlukunyezwa okuphindaphindiwe futhi isasekela inkulumo eqondakalayo, isiwenzile umsebenzi wayo. Yingakho ifoni engaphazamisi ukucekelwa phansi ifanelekela amajele nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini eyenza ifoni evikela ukucekelwa phansi ihluke kunefoni evamile yomphakathi?

Ucingo olumelana nokucekelwa phansi lusebenzisa izinto eziqinile, izinto ezifihliwe, kanye nokwakhiwa okulungisekayo ukuze lumelane nomonakalo kanye nokuphazanyiswa, kuyilapho ucingo oluvamile lomphakathi luvame ukugxila kakhulu ezindlekweni kanye nomsebenzi oyisisekelo.

Kungani ucingo lwasejele luvame ukuba luqinile kunefoni yasehhovisi?

Ucingo lwasejele kumele lubhekane nokusetshenziswa kabi ngamabomu, ukubhekwa okuqinile, kanye nemingcele yokugcinwa njalo, ngakho-ke indawo yalo yokuhlala, ukufakwa kwalo, kanye nesistimu yekhebula zenzelwe ukumelana nokusetshenziswa kabi okuphezulu kakhulu.

Yikuphi okufanelekile kakhulu ocingweni lomphakathi olusebenza kanzima?

Insimbi engagqwali ivame ukuthandwa ngoba ihlanganisa amandla okusebenza nokumelana nokugqwala, kanti insimbi engagqwali engu-316 ivame ukukhethwa ezindaweni eziqinile.

Abathengi baziqinisekisa kanjani izimangalo zokumelana nokucekelwa phansi?

Kufanele bacele izinga lokuhlola eliqondile, imininingwane yezinto ezibonakalayo, indlela yokubopha, kanye nanoma yibuphi ubufakazi bokuhlola obunomthelela noma obusetshenziswa kabi kunokuthembela ezimangalweni zokuqina ezijwayelekile.

Ingabe ifoni engaphazamisi ukucekela phansi inganikeza nekhwalithi yomsindo enhle?

Yebo, kodwa kuphela uma indawo ebiyelwe kanye nomklamo we-acoustic kulinganiswa kahle ukuze ukuvikelwa kungavimbi ukuqoshwa kwezwi noma ukuphuma kwesipikha.

Iyini inzuzo enkulu yokunakekelwa kwefoni yomphakathi esindayo?

Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi isikhathi sokungasebenzi siphansi ngoba ukwakhiwa okuqinile kanye nokufinyelela phambili kunganciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokuhlola, ukulungisa, noma ukushintsha izingxenye.

Yiziphi izikhungo ezidinga ucingo lwasejele ngokushesha okukhulu?

Izikhungo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo, izikhungo zokuboshwa, kanye nezindawo zokuvakasha eziqashwe yiziboshwa zidinga lokhu ngokushesha okukhulu ngoba ukuxhumana okuthembekile kuyingxenye yemisebenzi yansuku zonke kanye nokusabela ezigamekweni.